• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 2017

This study was investigated the biochemical mechanism on reducing blood lipids in second-generation rats fed diet with different omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acid ratio. The experiment treatment groups were classified into the groups with the omega 6 to omega 3 ratios of 0 (control group), 1:1, 8:1, and 19:1, respectively. The levels of the blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose were lowest in the group with the omega 6 to omega 3 ration of 1:1. The levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and phospholipid were highest in the group with the omega 6 to omega 3 ration of 1:1. The HMG-CoA reductase activity was suppressed in the groups with the omega 6 to omega 3 ratio of 1:1 and 8:1 compared with that in the control group, but the excretion of sterol through feces was promoted. The blood omega 6 to omega 3 ratio decreased in a concentration-dependent manner depending on the increase in the omega 6 to omega 3 ratio within the ingested diet. The results of this study demonstrated a new finding that when the parent generation and second-generation rats ingested the diet with the omega 6 to omega 3 ratio of below 8:1, harmful lipids in the blood were reduced, the liver functions were maintained, and the growth was promoted due to the nutrient metabolism activation mechanism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility that administration of Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (BP2), Bacillus mojavensis KJS-3 (Moja3), and their mixtures could control serum lipid levels. We observed changes in the blood cell level, metabolic function evaluation, and blood lipid levels after two weeks of oral administration of these microbial strains to hyperlipidemia-induced rats. Measurements of major cell changes in the white blood cells (WBC) indicated no significant effects due to the administration of the microbial strains. Platelet (PLT) levels decreased by 18.4% in the Triton WR-1339-treated group (NCON) and recovered to the control (CON) group levels in the positive control (PCON) group and the microbial strain-administered groups (p<0.05). No functional changes were observed in red blood cells (RBC) by Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia. The blood AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels did not indicated effects on liver and kidney function, and all rats administered the microbial mixture recovered. The blood lipid levels in the microbe-treated groups indicated reduced levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), and increased levels of serum HDL cholesterol. The HMG-CoA inhibition rate of 7-O-succinyl macrolactin A (SMA) produced by BP2 showed similar activity at a concentration of 1,000 times lower than that achieved with atorvastatin. The administration of the microbial strains to the Triton WR-1339-induced rat model of hyperlipidemia resulted in reduced weight gain without affecting the food and water intake. Thus, blood circulation can be improved by controlling serum lipid levels by the combined administration of the BP2 and Moja3 microbial strains.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.624-627
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• 2004

A bile acid derivative, methyl chalate （1）, was isolated from EtOAc extract of the fungus Rhizopus oryzae as a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. It showed moderate inhibitory activity on cholesterol biosynthesis in human Chang liver cells. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on the later step of cholesterol biosynthesis, indicating that its action mode is different from that of statins that act on the HMG-CoA reductase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of green tea extract supplementation (500 or 1,000 mg/kg b.w. per day) in conjunction with an atherogenic diet (10% coconut oil (w/w), 0.1% cholesterol) on plasma lipid composition, regression of pre-existing foam cells, and on the mRNA levels of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor. Compared to groups fed only with the atherogenic diet, the addition of green tea extract to atherogenic diet-fed groups significantly down-regulated plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, dose-dependently. Supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg b.w. of green tea extract with the atherogenic diet induced significant up-regulation of both HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor messenger RNA levels in liver as compared to the group receiving green tea extract supplementation at 500 mg/kg b.w. The F1B hamsters fed the atherogenic diet had greater foam cell accumulation compared to those fed a normal diet, or the atherogenic diet supplemented with green tea extract. Regression of fatty streak lesions was achieved by atherosclerosis in fat- and cholesterol-fed hamsters and this effect was associated with down-regulation of plasma cholesterol and up-regulation of hepatic LDL receptor expression.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts on the hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet. Methods and Materials: In vitro; The extracts prepared for Hyolbuchukeo-tang by hot water extraction (HH), fermentation(HF) and UMPM extraction(HU) method. The extracts were examined for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for HMG-CoA reductase. In vivo; Sprague-Dawley male rats of weighing $150{\pm}5g$ were randomly divided into six groups ; normal control diet(NC), and high fat diet(HC), high fat diet with treated lovastatin of 10mg/kg(PC), high fat diet with Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts; HH, HF and HU treated extracts of 300mg/kg, respectively. Also, we compared the effects of the extracts of HH, HF and HU on rats fed high fat diet for four weeks. Results: 1. The content of polyphenol compounds and electron donating abilities(EDAs) was the HF higher than HH and HU. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activities were proportionate in consistency and they appeared highly from all extracts. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activities was highest activities in the HU. 2. The activities of serum GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the HH and HF groups. The level of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the HF group. HH and HU groups were significantly decreased in the atherogenic index(AI). The total cholesterol concentration in liver was significantly decreased in the HF group, and HU showed more significantly decreased in the triglyceride than of the lovastatin. Also, photomicrographs of liver tissue showed higher fat accumulation in the HC group than in the HH, HF and HU groups. Conclusions: These result suggest that the hyper-lipidemia caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited the administration of HF and HU.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.899-905
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• 2003

The effects of cooked soybean and a traditional fermented soy product, chongkukjang, on blood pressure and lipid metabolism were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). SHRs were divided into 3 groups (n=10, male), and fed casein, powders of cooked soybean, and chongkukjang as dietary protein sources for 6 weeks. Body weight gain was not different among experimental groups, but food efficiency was increased in groups fed cooked soybean and chongkukjang diets compared to control group. Consumption of cooked soybean and chongkukjang for 6 weeks in SHR significantly suppressed blood pressure rise with aging (p<0.05). Feeding of cooked soybean and chongkukjang to SHR decreased plasma triacylglycerols (p<0.05) by 21.6% and 30.2% and LDL-cholesterol by 30.0% and 27.5%, respectively. Addition of cooked soybean and chongkukjang to the diet resulted in reduction of total lipids and triacylglycerols of liver, while consumption of cooked soybean and chongkukjang resulted in the increase of fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretions, respectively (p<0.05). Cooked soybean and chongkukjang diets down-regulated the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase by 56.4% and 94.5%, compared to control, respectively. From the above-mentioned results, it can be concluded that consumption of cooked soybean and chongkukjang might be helpful in preventing cardiovascular disease by suppressing blood pressure rise and hyperlipidemia.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.148-151
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• 2008

A novel biomass was prepared from Pichia anomala KCCM 11473, which grew well in ginseng-steaming effluent (GSE), and its physiological functionalities and enzyme activities were determined. When the strain was cultured in the GSE (pH 6.0) at 30$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, 1.6 mg of biomass per ml-cultures was produced. The cell-free extract of the biomass showed high antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 72.0% and anticholesteromia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of 46.5%. The cell-free extract also showed 13.0 U per ml and 8.5 U per ml of neutral protease activity and alkaline protease, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.423-427
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• 2009

This study investigated antithrombotic and hypocholesterolemic activities of defatted soybean grits (DSG) and fermented DSG (FD). The FD was prepared by the solid state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis NUC1 at $40^{\circ}C$ for 24h. The water extracts of fermented DSG (FDW) exhibited higher fibrinolytic activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP than water extracts of DSG (DW). However, the DW and FDW inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity and significantly decreased the intracellular cholesterol contents in HepG2 cells. In addition, DW treatment did not show any cholesterol adsorption capacity, while FDW demonstrated the highest cholesterol adsorption by 90%. The results suggest that fermented DSG have significant antithrombotic and hypocholesterolemic effects in vitro and these activities were improved during fermentation by B. subtilis NUC1.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 1991

A new synthetic sequence for the chiral lactone moiety of compactin was developed from $\alpha$-D-glucose in 9 steps via simultaneous reductive detosylation and epoxide-ring opening of 2, 3-epoxy-4-tosylate using NaBH_4$ to afford 2, 4-dideoxy sugar as a key intermediate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

Although negative evidences of trans fatty acids(tFAs) are gradually increasing, the hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs are controversial and its biological significances are still not known. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary tFAs on cholesterol metabolism and membrane fluidity in rats. Animals were fed diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 20% test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) for 8 weeks. Each test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) contained 25%, 8.5% and no tFAs, respectively, Plasma total triglyceride(TG) were not different among diet treatments. Feeding trans fat diets (margarine and butter) lowered plasma cholesterol. Specially, butter diet elevated LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels, resulting in the highest atherogenic index among diet treatments. Hepatic cholesterol concentration and HMG CoA reductase activity were also decreased, whereas fecal excretion of cholesterol was increased in trans fat-fed animals. trans fat containing diets also decreased hepatic membrane fluidity. From these results, it can be concluded that hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs can be modulated by the fatty acid composition of diets, but its spatial cofiguration may help behave like saturated fatty acid in membrane fluidity.