• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 1997

In order to improve the safety of nuclear power plant, we performed a human factors review for the CFMS(Critical Function Monitoring system) design of nuclear power plant. Three works were performed in this study. In first work, we developed human factors engineering program plan(HFEPP) and human factors engineering verification and validation plan (HFE-V & V plan) to effectively perform CFMS design and review. In second work, we identified human engineering discrepancies(HEDs) for CFMS design through human factors design review and proposed those resolutions. In the third work, we developed the evaluation and management methodology for identified KEDs. Methodology developed in this study can be used in other complex system as well as in CFMS design review.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.538-546
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• 2011

This paper is to experimentally investigate the strength and autogenous shrinkage of high strength mortar with the 20 % of water?binder ratio(W/B). In this study, the water substituting liquid(WSL) was used including gasoline, light oil, lamp oil, edible oil, HFE, ethanol, methanol and acetone in order to explore changes in strength and autogenous shrinkage depending on WSL type and replacement. For fresh properties, the replacement of WSL did not affect the fluidity of mortar mixtures considerably, except for ethanol and methanol. However, the replacement of WSL resulted in a slight decrease in flexural and compressive strength. For autogenous shrinkage, the replacement of WSL led to reduce autogenous shrinkage, and especially, the replacement of edible oil led to reduce autogenous shrinkage significantly due to saponification between edible oil and cement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 1990

Ethanolic tetra carbonylhydridoferrate solution combined with dialdehyde (no of carbon; 4,5,6) is very efficient for the selective transformation of amino group into N-heterocyclic compound. However, a large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic amines react with the ferrate-pimelaldehyde at room temperature under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N-alkyiamine derivatives in moderate yields instead of the corresponding N-substituted perhydroazocine derivatives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fire HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) procedure for full power operation of domestic NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants). For the development of fire HRA procedure, the recent research results of NUREG-1921 in an effort to meet the requirements of the ASME/ANS PRA Standard were reviewed. The K-HRA method, a standard method for HRA of a domestic level 1 PSA (Probabilistic Safety Assessment) and fire related procedures in domestic NPPs were reviewed. Based on the review, a procedure for the fire HRA required for a domestic fire PSA based on the K-HRA method was developed. To this end, HRA issues such as new operator actions required in the event of a fire and complexity of fire situations were considered. Based on the four kinds of HFE (Human Failure Event) developed for a fire HRA in this research, a qualitative analysis such as feasibility evaluation was suggested. And also a quantitative analysis process which consists of screening analysis and detailed analysis was proposed. For the qualitative analysis, a screening analysis by NUREG-1921 was used. In this research, the screening criteria for the screening analysis was modified to reduce vague description and to reflect recent experimental results. For a detailed analysis, the K-HRA method and scoping analysis by NUREG-1921 were adopted. To apply K-HRA to fire HRA for quantification, efforts to modify PSFs (Performance Shaping Factors) of K-HRA to reflect fire situation and effects were made. For example, an absence of STA (Shift Technical Advisor) to command a fire brigade at a fire area is considered and the absence time should be reflected for a HEP (Human Error Probability) quantification. Based on the fire HRA procedure developed in this paper, a case study for HEP quantification such as a screening analysis and detailed analysis with the modified K-HRA was performed. It is expected that the HRA procedure suggested in this paper will be utilized for fire PSA for domestic NPPs as it is the first attempt to establish an HRA process considering fire effects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1385-1390
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• 2014

Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) are developed as a suitable for the replacement of environmentally hazardous CFCs and are termed as third generation refrigerants. One of the major products of decomposition of HFEs in the atmosphere is a fluoroester. The present study relates to the OH and Cl initiated oxidation of $CF_3C(O)OCH_2CF_3$ formed from the oxidation of HFE-356mff. The latter is used as a solvent in the industry and reaches the atmosphere without any degradation. Kinetics of the titled molecule has been studied at MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Single point energy calculations have been made at G2(MP2) level of theory and barrier heights are determined. The rate constants are calculated using canonical transition state theory. Tunnelling correction are made using one-dimensional Eckart potential barrier. The rate constant calculated during the present study are compared with the experimental values determined using relative rate method and FTIR detection technique.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.65.1-65.1
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• 2016

일반적으로 천체 망원경에 사용되는 반사경은 유리 소재로 제작된다. 그러나 알루미늄을 반사경 소재로 사용하면 광기계구조물과 반사경의 열팽창계수가 유사하여 치수 안정성이 높다는 장점이 있다. 뿐만 아니라 다이아몬드 선삭 기계 (Diamond Turning Machine, DTM)를 이용할 수 있기 때문에 반사경의 가공 시간 및 제작 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 합금 (Al6061-T6)을 소재로 구경 150 mm, 초점거리 600 mm인 포물면 반사경을 제작하였다. 우선 DTM을 이용해 알루미늄을 가공하였는데, 이 때 표면 조도와 관련된 고주파 오차 (High Frequency Error, HFE)가 발생한다. 따라서 표면 조도를 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 공정으로써 가공된 표면을 도금한 후 열처리를 하고, 폴리싱과 이중 코팅을 거쳐서 최종 반사경을 얻었다. 각 단계별 공정을 마친 후에는 접촉식 및 광학식 형상 측정 방법으로 표면 측정을 실시하여 이를 분석하였다. 본 발표에서는 각 공정 단계에서의 반사경 표면 분석 결과를 설명할 것이며, 제작된 알루미늄 반사경과 기존의 유리 소재의 반사경을 성능 면에서 비교할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-24
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• 2012

Although the motion of the three-phase contact line on a solid substrate has been extensively studied thus far, the understanding of the dynamics of the contact line of liquid/liquid/gas phases is far from complete. Here we deposit a drop of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on water and HFE-7100 whose free surfaces are exposed to air to observe the flow field around the contact line. By combining the shadowgraph and high-speed imaging techniques, we find that vortices are spontaneously generated at the contact line, which grow in size with time. The flow is attributed to the Marangoni stress that pulls a liquid of lower-surface tension toward a liquid surface having a higher surface tension. However, it is not still clear why the entrained lower-surface-tension liquid should whirl rapidly beneath the contact line. We also visualize the flow by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) to find out that the rotational velocity reaches the order of 1 mm/s near the free surface.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

Energy consumption has been increased world widely, and the energy retain is one of the most important economic alternatives. These tendencies expand the nuclear power plants not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. Despite of the increasing construction of nuclear power plants and related facilities, every system in main control room(MCR) has been designed and administered solely based on the safety-first principles because of the specificity of nuclear industry. However, recent main control rooms started with the concept that the operators' performance could be optimized though the organic interrelation between human, machine, and environments. Now, it has been recognised in the scope of Ergonomics and Space Design which acknowledge our living spaces as Man-Environment Interface and this change connotes the MCR spaces should be special spaces rather than ordinary spaces. This research investigated domestic and foreign nuclear power plants' MCRs to suggest basic alternatives which can be applied to future MCR. With the review of characteristics of MCR, an integration of interior design, lighting and Ergonomics was explored and classified as types. Futhermore, the classification of environmental characteristics within the relationships between human, machine, and environments was developed through the case analysis of nuclear power plants. The results of this study will provide a basis of space design for system environments that the high level of safety and function are extremely important.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

In this paper, we introduce the characteristics of a vertical PNP transistor that improves start current by decreasing quiescent current with suppressing the parasitic transistor. In order to suppress the parasitic effect, we designed a vertical PNP transistor which suppresses parasitic PNP transistor by using the "DN+ links" without changing the circuit and made a LDO regulator using a standard IC processor. HFE of the fabricated parasitic PNP transistor decreased from conventional 18 to 0.9. Starting current of the LDO regulator made of the vertical PNP transistor using the improved "DN+ linked" structure is reduced from the conventional starting current of 90mA to 32mA. As the result, we developed a LDO regulator which consumes lower power in the standby state.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2022

A cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigeration cycle was designed to be applied to the semiconductor etching process with non-flammable constituents. 3-stage cascade refrigerator, single mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator, and 2-stage cascade type mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator are analyzed to figure out the coefficient of performance. Non-flammable mixture of argon(Ar), tetrafluoromethane(R14), trifluoromethane (R23) and octafluoropropane(R218) were utilized to analyze the refrigeration cycle efficiency. The designed refrigeration cycle was adapted to cool down the coolant of HFE7200(Ethoxy-nonafluorobutane, C₄F₉OC₂H₅) with certain constraints. Maximum coefficient of performance of the refrigeration system is obtained as 0.289 for the cooling temperature lower than -100℃. The detailed result of the coefficient of performance according to the mixture composition is discussed in this study.