• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7111-7116
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• 2013

Introduction: Trastuzumab, an HER2-targeting agents, has shown efficacy in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Single-agent clinical trials have evaluated therapeutic regimens using trastuzumab for metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy or hormone therapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Methods: A literature research was conducted in PubMed and to identify appropriate studies from relevant reviews. Randomized controlled trials comparing chemotherapy or hormone therapy regimens in combination with trastuzumab were eligible. Dadta on clinical outcomes, including safety, efficacy, and patient characteristics were collected. Results: Seven articles describing five trials were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Partners of trastuzumab included in trials were anthracycline, paclitaxel, docetaxel, anastrozole and letrozole. The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy improved the overall survival (HR=0.79, 95%CI 0.65-0.96), while to hormone therapy did not (HR=0.85 95%CI 0.56-1.30). All trastuzumab-containing regimens increased cardiac toxicity (RR=3.37, 95%CI 1.26-9.02) and grade III-IV adverse events. Conclusions: Our study supports the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy which is effective and tolerated for metastatic breast cancer with HER2+ patients. Of note, more adverse events will occur followed the use of trastuzumab, especially cardiac toxicity, with two treatment regimens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5537-5540
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• 2015

Purpose: To research the association between pre-treatment elevated platelet count and clinicopathologic characteristics in breast cancer (BC), as well as explore the relationship between pre-treatment elevated platelet count and HER2 status and prognosis of BC patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of BC patients who were newly diagnosed or treated by surgery only and had pathological detection results and platelet values in the Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College were enrolled from 1/1/2008 until 31/12/2009, and followed up until 31/12/2014. Age, thrombocyte parameters before chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, immunohistochemical (IHM) indexes, and regional lymph node (LN) involvement and progression-free survival (PFS) were recorded. Results: A total of 447 eligible subjects were included in this research. As we analyzed, for HER2, positive and negative, the incidence rates of elevated platelet count were 25.8% and 14.7% (P<0.05). In the Cox proportional hazards model both variables were independent risk factors for BC (for HER2, OR, 0.592, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.355 to 0.985, P=0.044;f or PLT, OR, 0.998, 95% CI, 0.996 to 1.000, P=0.042). For ER, PR, Ki67 and LN involvement, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: In this research, pre-treatment elevated level of platelet count demostrated a significantrelationship with HER2 amplification/overexpression, and both variables significantly influenced the prognosis of BC. However, elevated platelet count did not exhibit any association with ER, PR, Ki67 and LN involvement.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.983-989
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• 2019

Objective: Many types of delayed adverse reactions, such as long-term numbness, occur after injecting contrast medium, but few clinical studies have reported effective treatments for these reactions. We report that herbal medicine can have a positive clinical effect in patients who have experienced long-term numbness after contrast medium injection. Method: A patient who had felt numbness in her head and whole limbs presented at Semyung University Korean Medicine hospital. Her numbness had first started 2 days after injection of contrast medium, and she had felt it constantly for almost 2 years. After admission at the hospital, she took "modified Samul-tang" herbal medicine (120 cc three times per day) from 29 January 2019 to 2 February 2019. We measured her numbness using a numeric rating scale (NRS) on 29 January and 2 February and we compared both scores to determine the degree of favorable and clinical effects of herbal medicine. Result: The NRS score for numbness was 5 for her head and limbs on the first day (29 January), but after 4 days (2 February), the NRS score decreased to 0 for her head and both arms and hands, and it decreased from 5 to 2 for both her legs and feet. Conclusion: Korean herbal medicine can have positive clinical effects on treating adverse reactions due to injection of contrast medium.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.73-102
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the specific and empirical contents in terms of first-married stepmother about her stress and efforts to adapt to her stepfamily. This studies relied on the qualitative research method in order to approach stepmother's subjective experience. There were 6 stepmother respondents who were 6 first-marrieds living in Seoul or Kyoungki area. The data was collected by in-depth personal interview.‘Open coding process’, a part of grounded theory procedures were used to analyzed the data. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. When focused o stressors, the stress of stepmothers were categorized into 4 categories. Those were the following: 1 When focused on stressors, the stress of stepmothers were categorized into 4 categories. Those were the following: (1) Stepmother's own problem such as stepmother' identity problem; (2) Problems within stepfamily such as problems about relations with husbands, stepchildren, and her own children; (3) Problems of stepmother family's kin such as relational problems with former spouses, in-laws, and her parent; (4) Problems of social relationship such as isolation and alienation in social relationship and neighbors' prejudice about stepmother. 2. In overcoming stress from stepfamily life and adapting to it, 4 categories were identified as important. Contents of 4 categories were such like this: (1) Stepmother's own efforts - (a) give a positive meaning to marriage or remarriage (b) flexible personality (c) situation-accepting attitude (d) exclusive management of household income (e) job (f) perseverance for time to adaptation; (2) Positive feedback within stepfamily - (a) supportive husband (b) sense of unity as a couple (c) psychological reward from stepchildren (d) existence of stepmother's own child (e) behavior for family solidarity (f) family-centered religious life; (3) Stepfamily's relationship with former spouses such as breakdown in relationship with ex-wives or ex-husbands; (4) Support from stepmothers' kin and people in social network with stepmothers. It was concluded that to reduce stress and to help adapt to stepfamily, stepmother should make an effort, and that her stepfamily and her kin should cooperate and support. In addition, negative stereotype of stepmother and stepfamily should disappeared. It was suggested that studies on stepfamily should be vitalized and that programs for preparing remarriage and counseling for stepfamily should be spread.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1995

The maneuverabilities of the M.S. TAMYANG are studied, based on maneuvering indices and the data obtained from her Z test. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The maneuvering indices K'and T'of the M.S. TAMYANG are 0.9464, 0.6895 at 10$^{\circ}$Z test and 0.8651, 0.4224 at 20$^{\circ}$Z test and 0.8349, 0.4328 at 30$^{\circ}$Z test respectively. The above calculated values K', T'showed that her maneuverabilities are more effective when the rudder is used to small angle than to large angle. 2. As her maneuvering indices K'and T'at 10$^{\circ}$Z test are smaller than the standard maneuvering indices of fishing boats, her turning ability was found to be lower but her obeying ability higher. 3. The running distance of a turn at her 10$^{\circ}$Z test was about 8.8 times her own length and she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2231-2235
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• 2013

Background: Categorizing breast tumors based on the ER, PR and HER/Neu 2 receptor status is necessary in order to predict outcome and assist in management of breast cancer. Herfe we assessed this question in South Indian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 619 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast tumor tissues were collected from pathology archives after receipt of ethical clearance. With the help of primary and secondary conjugated antibodies, expression status of ER, PR and HER2/neu was determined. All the experimental data were assessed for correlations with histopathological features of tumors and clinical presentation of the subjects. Results: In the present study, the ages ranged from 20-87 years with a mean of $50.0{\pm}12.q$ years, and majority of the tumors (84%) were of infiltrating duct cell carcinoma type. Assessment of ER, PR and Her-2/neu expression showed that 46% were triple negative. Interestingly, an inverse relation between ER, PR and HER-2/neu was apparent in 41.2% (p<0.0001) of the tumors, of which 24.5% (p<0.0001) were ER and PR co-negative but HER-2 positive. Conclusions: ER and PR positive tumors are less common (i.e<30%) compared to HER-2/neu positive tumors (i.e>50%) in Indian breast cancer patients, underlining the need for effective diagnostic screening and specific therapeutic managements in order to improve the survival rate of patients in low resource countries such as India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9739-9745
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• 2014

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effects of hormone receptor, HER2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis and investigate whether or not phenotypic subtypes might exist. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 82 patients who were diagnosed with EOC between 2003 and 2012 and treated by platinum-based chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Expression of EGFR, oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and cerbB2 (HER2) receptors were assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded tissues of these patients. Three phenotypic subtypes were defined according to ER, PR, and HER2 expression and associations of these with EGFR expression, clinicopathologic features, platinum sensitivity, and survival were investigated. Results: When we classified EOC patients into three subtypes, 63.4% had hormone receptor positive (HR(+)) (considering breast cancer subtypes, luminal A), 18.3% had triple negative, and 18.3% had HER2(+) disease. EGFR positivity was observed in 37 patients (45.1%) and was significantly more frequent with advanced disease (p=0.013). However, no significant association with other clinicopathologic features and platinum sensitivity was observed. HER2(+) patients had significantly poorer outcomes than HER2(-) counterparts (triple negative and HR positive patients) (p=0.019). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the strongest risk factor for death was residual disease after primary surgery. Conclusions: Triple negative EOC may not be an aggressive phenotype as in breast cancer. The HER2 positive EOC has more aggressive behaviour compared to triple negative and HR(+) phenotypes. EGFR expression is more frequent in advanced tumours, but is not related with poorer outcome. Additional ovarian cancer molecular subtyping using gene expression analysis may provide more reliable data.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2014

Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is rare malignancy, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. Systemic chemotherapy has been used for stage IV SDC, but there is no consensus on the standard treatment. SDC is histologically similar to ductal carcinoma of breast and often overexpress HER2/neu, hence HER2/neu targeted therapy could be one of treatment options. A 75-year-old Arabian man was diagnosed as SDC of right parotid gland with extensive metastases. He received oral 5-FU as palliative chemotherapy, but he was intolerable to oral chemotherapy due to severe oral mucositis. Considering immunohistochemical stain of tumor tissue showing strong positive for HER2/neu, we decided to administer an anti-HER2/neu antibody, trastuzumab. Follow-up CT scans before the third dose of trastuzumab demonstrated remarkable regression of multiple metastases as well as primary tumor. This case suggests that HER2/neu targeted therapy may be a potential therapeutic option for the SDC patient with overexpression of HER2/neu.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 1979

The manoeuvrabilities of a ship are decided by the values of her manoeuvring indices. The manoeuvring indices consist of two kinds: indices K and T. The former decides a ship's turning ability and the latter, the length of time delay to a steady turning motion after her rudder has finished the turn of an ordered angle. In this paper, the author figured out the values of the manoeuvring indices of the m. s. 'SAEBADA' (GT: 2,275,7 ton), the training ship of tile National Fisheries University of Busan through her Z test and analyzed these values and the other data which were obtained from her Z test to study her manoeuvrabilities. The results of]tamed are summarized as follows: 1. The manoeuvring indices K' of the m. s. 'SAEBADA' were $1.052(at\;10{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;0.925(at\;20{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;and\;0.877(at\;30{\circ}\;Z\;test)$. Her manoeuvring indices $0.815(at\;10{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;0.502(at\;20{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;and\;0.441(at\;30{\circ}\;Z\;test)$. Her above calculated values K', T' showed that her obeying ability to the turn of her rudder was more increased when her rudder was used to large angle than to small angle, but on the other hand in this case her turning ability was slightly reduced. 2. As it appeared that the calculated K'-values of the m.s. 'SAEBADA' were slightly smaller than the standard K'-values of the fishing boats similar in length, and her overshoot angles at her Z test were greater than other general ships, her turning ability was found to t]e slightly lower. 3. When the m. s. 'SAEBADA' took a turn at her $10^{\circ}\;Z$ test, running distance was about 8.6 times her own length and didn't exceed the standard manoeuvrability distance, 5 to 11 times general ships' own length, therefore she was considered to have a good manoeuvrability synthetically.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2004

Vertigo is a symptom, not a disease. The tenn vertigo refers to the sensation of spinning or whirling that occurs as a result of a disturbance in balance. It's sometimes referred to as a hallucination of motion. The cause of vertigo is very various and generally divided into peripheral and central. A patient presented with severe vertigo, nystagmus and heteophoria. She has taken the BanHaBaekChulChunMa-tang and treated by acupuncture. After 2 days, her symptoms become disappeared and about 1 week, all symptoms except heterophoria were disapperaed. And after 2 weeks, heterophoria was disappeared. In conclusion, we diagnosed her case as vestbular neuronitis by her clinical course, but we also considered her illness as vertebrobasilar insufficiency, TIA etc.