• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 1995

폐흡충의 여러 발육 단계 즉 피낭유충 종숙주 내 성숙단계 충체 및 성충에서 분자량이 각각 28, 27, 22 및 17.5 kDa인 시스테인 계열 단백질 분해효소가 분리 정제되었다. 이 연구는 만성 폐흡충증의 육아종에서 발견되는 충란이 육아종 형성에 관여하는 물질을 분비한다면 그 분비액 중에서는 단백질 분해효소가 중요할 것이라고 가정하고 우선 그 존재를 조사하였으며 이를 부분정제하고 생화학적 특성을 관찰하였다. 실험적으로 개에 폐흡충 피낭유충을 감염시키고, 14주일 후에 개를 포살하여 폐를 분리하였다. 폐를 생리식염수로 씻어 그 세척액에서 충란을 모았다. 그후 해부 현미경하에서 이물질(이물질)을 제거하고 증류수에서 하룻밤 투석하여 충란외부에 묻어 있을 수 있는 숙주 또는 성충의 조직을 제거하였다. 충란을 생리식염수에서 마쇄한 후 원심분리에 의해 충란 조효소(조효소)를 제작하였다. 조효소에는 Cbz-phe-arg-MNA와 Azocoll을 분해하는 단백질 분해효소가 존재하였으며 이 활성은 pH 6에서 가장 높았다. 이 활성은 DTT에 의해 6.5배 증강되었고, 시스테인계 단백실 분해효소의 특이 억제제인 I-64나 IAA에 의해서는 90% 억제되었다. 조효소를 Sephacryl 5-300 HR column을 통과시켜 효소를 부분정제한 결과 분자량이 35 kDa인 시스테인 계열의 단백질 분해효소을 정제할 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1996

Through the previous studies(I,II), it was observed that human follicular fluid(HFF) was more effective than human fetal cord serum(HFCS) on promoting meiotic resumption of oocytes and improving embryonic development of mouse in vitro. On the basis of these results, we have gradually exchanged HFCS with HFF as protein supplement in human ART. This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of HFF on improving the pregnancy rate in ART. Oocytes were retrieved transvaginally from patients treated with pituitary suppression with GnRH-agonist and ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotro-pin(HMG) and pure follicle stimulating hormone(FSH). Aspirated oocytes were rinsed and cultured in TCM-199 containing HFF, and the concentrations of HFF were adjusted to 10, 20, and 30% according to the use for insemination, embryo growth and embryo transfer, respectively. As possible as, we tried to do embryo transfer into fallopian tube to mimic the coincidence of the cell stage with the place of sojourn in vivo, so we performed various ART programs(IVF & ET; in vitro fertilization, ZIFT; zygote intra fallopian-tube transfer, ZIFT & ET) according to the tubal conditions of patients. On the while, intra cytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) was used to assist IVF of the patients who had shown poor standard IVF results by immunological or severe male factor. Of the 255 cycles of ART programs using HFF as protein supplement, 118 cycles were turn out to be succeeded in pregnancy(46.2%, per cycle, p<0.05), while 21 pregnancies were achieved in the 69 cycles using HFCS(30.4%). The 255 cycles using HFF were subdivided into cycles with the type of ART programs, and each pregnancy rate of the ART programs were 44.7% (IVF & ET, 76/170 cycles), 53.4%(ZIFT, 31/58 cycles) and 40.7% (ZIFT & ET, 11/27 cycles), respectively. In the 61 ICSI cycles using HFF, 28 cycles succeed in pregnancy(45.9%), while 7 pregnancies were obtained in the 17 ICSI cycles using HFCS. Also the ongoing pregnancy rate in the group using HFF(78.8%, 93/118 cycles) was higher than that in the group using HFCS(61.9%). Therefore, we found that the use of HFF as protein supplement was more suitable and effective than the use of HFCS to improve the pregnancy rate in ART.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1742-1750
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• 2015

As a novel approach for disease control and prevention, nutritional modulation of the intestinal health has been proved. However, It is still unknown whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is needed to maintain intestinal immune-related function. The objective of this study was to determine whether BCAA supplementation in protein restricted diet affects growth performance, intestinal barrier function and modulates post-weaning gut disorders. One hundred and eight weaned piglets ($7.96{\pm}0.26kg$) were randomly fed one of the three diets including a control diet (21% crude protein [CP], CON), a protein restricted diet (17% CP, PR) and a BCAA diet (BCAA supplementation in the PR diet) for 14 d. The growth performance, plasma amino acid concentrations, small intestinal morphology and intestinal immunoglobulins were tested. First, average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) of weaned pigs in PR group were lower, while gain:feed ratio was lower than the CON group (p<0.05). Compared with PR group, BCAA group improved ADG (p<0.05), ADFI (p<0.05) and feed:gain ratio (p<0.05) of piglets. The growth performance data between CON and BCAA groups was not different (p>0.05). The PR and BCAA treatments had a higher (p<0.05) plasma concentration of methionine and threonine than the CON treatment. The level of some essential and functional amino acids (such as arginine, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine etc.) in plasma of the PR group was lower (p<0.05) than that of the CON group. Compared with CON group, BCAA supplementation significantly increased BCAA concentrations (p<0.01) and decreased urea concentration (p<0.01) in pig plasma indicating that the efficiency of dietary nitrogen utilization was increased. Compared with CON group, the small intestine of piglets fed PR diet showed villous atrophy, increasing of intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) number (p<0.05) and declining of the immunoglobulin concentration, including jejunal immunoglobulin A (IgA) (p = 0.04), secreted IgA (sIgA) (p = 0.03) and immunoglobulin M (p = 0.08), and ileal IgA (p = 0.01) and immunoglobulin G (p = 0.08). The BCAA supplementation increased villous height in the duodenum (p<0.01), reversed the trend of an increasing IELs number. Notably, BCAA supplementation increased levels of jejunal and ileal immunoglobulin mentioned above. In conclusion, BCAA supplementation to protein restricted diet improved intestinal immune defense function by protecting villous morphology and by increasing levels of intestinal immunoglobulins in weaned piglets. Our finding has the important implication that BCAA may be used to reduce the negative effects of a protein restricted diet on growth performance and intestinal immunity in weaned piglets.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1821-1828
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 키위를 첨가하여 제조한 막걸리의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 발효 6일째의 키위 막걸리와 대조군 알코올 함량은 각각 16.6, 17.0%을 나타내어 시료 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 키위 막걸리와 대조군의 pH는 발효 1일째 급감한 후 완만한 증가를 보이고 발효 6일째 각각 4.38 및 4.51로 큰 차이가 없었으며, 총산은 발효 1일째 급격한 증가를 보인 후 완만히 증가하여 발효 6일째 각각 0.34 및 0.27을 나타내었다. 총 균, 유산균, 효모 수는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하였으며 키위 막걸리의 발효 6일째 총 균, 유산균, 효모 수는 대조군과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 색도(L, a, b)는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 대조군과 키위 막걸리 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당 중 가장 높은 함량을 보인 glucose는 발효가 진행되면서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 유기산 중 succinic acid 함량이 대조군과 키위 막걸리 모두 가장 높았고 발효가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 키위 막걸리에서는 37종의 휘발성 화합물이 검출되었으며, 그중 3-methyl-1-butanol(33.71%), 2-methyl-1-propanol(23.81%) 및 ethyl acetate(19.94%)의 함량이 가장 높았다. 본 연구 결과 막걸리 제조 시 키위의 첨가는 막걸리의 품질특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 평가되어, 키위의 영양학적 효용성을 겸비한 기능성 막걸리의 제조가 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

우리나라는 건널목 중 약 91.1%가 정거리 방식을사용하고 있으며, 약 8.9%가 정시간 방식을 사용하고 있다. 정거리 방식의 경우 열차의 종류에 따른 접근속도의 편차를 고려하지 않고 단지 최고속도의 열차를 기준으로 한 건널목 대기시간을 차량운전자와 보행자에게 제공한다. 이는 저속 열차의 통과 시 건널목 대기시간이 길어져 차량 운전자와 보행자의 불만을 야기하며 건널목 대기시간이 필요 이상으로 긴 경우 차량운전자와 보행자는 경고를 불신하게 되고 잘못된 판단을 유도하게 되어 사고가 발생할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 철도건널목의 정확한 정시간 방식의 운영으로 철도건널목 사고예방 및 안전성 향상에 기여하고자 한다. 정확한 정시간 방식의 운영을 위하여 초음파 검지기를 이용한 열차 위치추적 및 속도검지 방식을 개발하였다. 초음파 검지기의 설치위치는 본 연구의 범위인 열차최고속도 160km/h와 새마을호의 최고속도 및 가속도 건널목 최소경보시간을 고려하여 선정하였다. 그리고 개발된 열차 위치추적 및 속도검지 방식의 알고리즘에 대한검증은 사고위험성의 문제로 실내에서 간이시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 개발된 열차 위치추적 방식의 경우 실제 열차의 위치와 본 연구에서 개발된 알고리즘에 의한 열차 위치는 일치하였으며, 속도검지 방식은 실제 열차의 속도와 개발된 알고리즘에 의한 속도와의 오차가 최대 0.07m/sec인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

Chlorine disinfection has been used in drinking water supply to disinfect the water-borne microbial disease which may cause to serious human disease. it is still the least costly, relatively easy to use, Chlorination is the primary means to disinfect portable water supplies and control bacterial growth in the distribution system. However, chlorine reacts with natural organic matter(NOM), that presents in nearly all water sources, and then produces disinfection by-products(DBPs), that have adverse health effects. Although the existent DBPs have been reported in drinking water supplies, it is not feasible to predict the levels of the various DBPs due to the complex chemistry reaction involved. 1. The objectives of this study is to investigate seasonal variation difference concentration of DBPs in the plant to tap water. The average concentration of THMs was 20.04 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ , HAAs 8-15 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ , HANs 2-4.5 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ respectively. 2. Distant variation of DBPs furmation by the distance is that THMs concentration increased by 17% at 2km point from the plant and by 28% at 7km and HAAs, HANs also increase each by 16%, 32% at 2 km from the plant and 35%, 56% at 7 km. DBPs increase in water supply pipe continually, 3. The seasonal occurrence of BBPs is that in May and August DBPs concentration is very higher than in march, in May DBPs concentration is highest. The temperature is main factor of DBPs formation, precursor also. 4. Precursor which was accumulated for winter flowed into the raw water by flooding in spring and summer and produced DBPs. 5. Therefore for the supply of secure drinking water, it is required to protect precursor of flowing into raw water and to add to BCAA and DBAA to drinking water standards.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1140-1149
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• 2015

This research aimed to define the energy requirement of Dorper and Hu Hybrid $F_1$ ewes 20 to 50 kg of body weight, furthermore to study energy requirement changes with age and evaluate the effect of age on energy requirement parameters. In comparative slaughter trial, thirty animals were divided into three dry matter intake treatments (ad libitum, n = 18; low restricted, n = 6; high restricted, n = 6), and were all slaughtered as baseline, intermediate, and final slaughter groups, to calculate body chemical components and energy retained. In digestibility trial, twelve ewes were housed in individual metabolic cages and randomly assigned to three feeding treatments in accordance with the design of a comparative slaughter trial, to evaluate dietary energetic values at different feed intake levels. The combined data indicated that, with increasing age, the net energy requirement for maintenance ($NE_m$) decreased from $260.62{\pm}13.21$ to $250.61{\pm}11.79kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)/d, and metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) decreased from $401.99{\pm}20.31$ to $371.23{\pm}17.47kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of SBW/d. Partial efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance ($k_m$, 0.65 vs 0.68) and growth ($k_g$, 0.42 vs 0.41) did not differ (p>0.05) due to age; At the similar condition of average daily gain, net energy requirements for growth ($NE_g$) and metabolizable energy requirements for growth ($ME_g$) for ewes during late fattening period were 23% and 25% greater than corresponding values of ewes during early fattening period. In conclusion, the effect of age upon energy requirement parameters in the present study were similar in tendency with previous recommendations, values of energy requirement for growth ($NE_g$ and $ME_g$) for Dorper and Hu crossbred female lambs ranged between the NRC (2007) recommendation for early and later maturating growing sheep.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1994

135 and 136 pine cones were sampled from age class of II to VI Korean pine trees for the study of their physical properties in 1991 and 1992, respectively. The length, width, weight, volume, and the largest projected area of cones were measured, and the specific gravity, apparent volume ratio sphericity, and roundness were calculated. Regression analysis were performed for the weight, volume, and projected area to the cone length and width. The length, and major and minor diameters of the cone stalks were measured and analyzed. 1. The range of the length of cone stalks was 0 to 47.3mm. The average length of stalks were 9mm ('91) and 10mm('92), respectively. Cross section of the stalks was ellipse with average major and minor diameters of 9.1mm and 10.1mm, and 8.6 and 8.7mm in 91 and 92, respectively. 2. The length of pine cones distributed from 8cm to 17cm and the average length were about 13cm('91, '92). The width varied from 5cm to 9.5cm and the average width were 6.7cm('91) and 6.9cm('92). The ratios of the length to the width were 0.56('91) and 0.65('91) and the shape of the cones were found to be ellipse with minor diameter of 1/2 to 2/3 of the major diameter. 3. The roundnesses and sphericity of cones were 0.74 and 0.75('91), 0.63 and 0.67('92), respectively. The average of the largest projected area of cones were $85.3cm^2$('91) and $93.1cm^2$('92) and the criterion areas were $71.0cm^2$ and $74.5cm^2$, respectively. 4. Cone weights were from 83g to 467g('91 and '92) and averages were 186g('91) and 220g('92). The average specific gravities were 0.89 and 0.96('91 and '92). The true volumes were $212cm^2$('91) and $230cm^2$('92), and the average bulk volume was $321cm^2$('91, '92). The average apparent volume ratios of cones were 35% ('91) and 28% ('92), respectively. 5. The weight and the volume were proportional to the length of the cone multiplied by the width squred and the largest projected area was proportional to the length multiplied by the width of cones.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine instillation on postoperative pain after laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOHE) in dogs. Twelve female German shepherd dogs (17-30 kg) were divided into two groups. The treatment group received 4.4 mg/kg of instilled intraperitoneal bupivacaine diluted to 0.25% with an equivalent volume of saline after pneumoperitoneum, but the control group received 1.76 ml/kg of 0.9% saline. Two blind observers measured the extent of dog's pain and sedation by using dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) preoperatively and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h postoperatively. At each designated time, blood cortisol, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were also measured. Based on the repeated-measures ANOVA, there were significant differences in time-dependent postoperative changes in patterns of DIVAS-pain score between two groups. In addition, the treatment group had significantly lower DIVAS-pain scores at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postoperatively compared to the control group. DIVAS-sedation score and biochemical measures including cortisol, glucose, and CK did not show any significant differences between two groups. No complications associated with bupivacaine administration were observed. Thus, instilled bupivacaine intraperitoneally may be an effective method on relieving behavioral expressions associated with postoperative pain after laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

본 연구는 버들송이버섯의 균사 생육 최적조건을 구명하여 액체종균을 제조하고 또한 톱밥종균의 영양원을 선발하기위하여 시험을 수행하였고, 선발된 종균에 대한 종균 접종량을 설정하여 병재배에 적합한 조건을 구명하고자 하였다. 버들송이버섯의 톱밥종균은 미송톱밥(70%)+밀기울(30%)의 비율, 포플러톱밥(80%)+옥수수가루(20%) 조건으로 배합할 때 균사 생육이 양호하였다. 액체종균에 대한 영양원 선발 및 첨가량은 백설탕 1.0~1.5%, yeast extract $0.7g/{\ell}$, 콩가루 $0.17g/{\ell}$, 무기물은 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.3g/{\ell}$, $KH_2PO_4\;0.5g/{\ell}$, $K_2HPO\;1.2g/{\ell}$가 최적 조건이었다. 이때 선발된 배지의 접종량은 액체 및 톱밥종균을 $25m{\ell}/850m{\ell}$과 $20{\sim}25g/850m{\ell}$로 접종 할 때 자실체 발생이 양호하였다.