• Title/Summary/Keyword: H1-H2 measure

Search Result 805, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

A study on Properties of Gas Generated at Closed Landfill Site (사용종료 매립지의 발생가스 특성분석에 관한 연구(I))

  • 장성호;손영일
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.17-23
    • /
    • 2001
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the component ratio of gas generated at closed GD landfill site in MY city and the decomposition status of landfill gas, and was to examine and analyze the properties of the landfill gas. In addition, to provide basic data required to stabilize landfill earlier in the future, the study was to measure gas by landfill gas gauge and to analyze the properties of landfill gas based on documents. As a result of analyzing the properties, acquired follow results. 1. The main elements of landfill gas, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ were respectively 25.02% and 22.325 on the average. 2. $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ were respectively 1.07 4.97 and 0.75 1.15 on the average. 3. Generated gas was different depending on water, pH properties of MSW(Munticipal Solid Wastes) and their decomposition rate. Furthermore, when measured the temperature of room to inspect landfill gas, the temperature was $22{\;}-{\;}30^{\circ}C$ in the average.

  • PDF

A Study of Decrease Exposure Dose for the Radiotechnologist in PET/CT (PET-CT 검사에서 방사선 종사자 피폭선량 저감에 대한 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Bit-Na;Cho, Suk Won;Lee, Juyoung;Lyu, Kwang Yeul;Park, Hoon-Hee
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
    • /
    • v.38 no.1
    • /
    • pp.23-30
    • /
    • 2015
  • Positron emission tomography scan has been growing diagnostic equipment in the development of medical imaging system. Compare to 99mTc emitting 140 keV, Positron emission radionuclide emits 511 keV gamma rays. Because of this high energy, it needs to reduce radioactive emitting from patients for radio technologist. We searched the external dose rates by changing distance from patients and measure the external dose rates when we used shielder investigate change external dose rates. In this study, the external dose distribution were analyzed in order to help managing radiation protection of radio technologists. Ten patients were searched (mean age: $47.7{\pm}6.6$, mean height: $165.5{\pm}3.8cm$, mean weight: $65.9{\pm}1.4kg$). Radiation was measured on the location of head, chest, abdomen, knees and toes at the distance of 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 cm, respectively. Then, all the procedure was given with a portable radiation shielding on the location of head, chest, and abdomen at the distance of 100, 150, and 200 cm and transmittance was calculated. In 10 cm, head ($105.40{\mu}Sv/h$) was the highest and foot($15.85{\mu}Sv/h$) was the lowest. In 200 cm, head, chest, and abdomen showed similar. On head, the measured dose rates were $9.56{\mu}Sv/h$, $5.23{\mu}Sv/h$, and $3.40{\mu}Sv/h$ in 100, 150, and 200 cm, respectively. When using shielder, it shows $2.24{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.67{\mu}Sv/h$, and $1.27{\mu}Sv/h$ in 100, 150, and 200 cm on head. On chest, the measured dose rates were $8.54{\mu}Sv/h$, $4.90{\mu}Sv/h$, $3.44{\mu}Sv/h$ in 100, 150, and 200 cm, respectively. When using shielder, it shows $2.27{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.34{\mu}Sv/h$, and $1.13{\mu}Sv/h$ in 100, 150, and 200 cm on chest. On abdomen, the measured dose rates were $9.83{\mu}Sv/h$, $5.15{\mu}Sv/h$, and $3.18{\mu}Sv/h$ in 100, 150, and 200 cm, respectively. When using shielder, it shows $2.60{\mu}Sv/h$, $1.75{\mu}Sv/h$, and $1.23{\mu}Sv/h$ in 100, 150, and 200 cm on abdomen. Transmittance was increased as the distance was expanded. As the distance was further, the radiation dose were reduced. When using shielder, the dose were reduced as one-forth of without shielder. The Radio technologists are exposed of radioactivity and there were limitations on reducing the distance with Therefore, the proper shielding will be able to decrease radiation dose to the technologists.

Studies on the Isopolytungstic Acid and Isopolytungstates (이소폴리 텅스텐酸 및 그의 鹽에 關한 硏究)

  • Bong-Kul Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.317-324
    • /
    • 1969
  • Isopolytungstic acid and it's salts, which are formed in sodium tungstate solutions, when acidified with perchloric acid, have been investigated by cryoscopic method. The results obtained are summarized as follows; It was not possible to measure the molecular weight of sodium isopolytungstates which are salthydrates, by means of cryoscopic method. Regardless of the concentration of solution, paratungstate and acid hexatungstate are formed at $H^+/WO_4^{2-}$ ratio of 1.15 and 1.50. It has been shown that isopolytungstic acid and it's salts are also formed at $H^+/WO_4^{2-}$ ratio of 1.30 and 1.90 and in highly concentrated solutions at 1.40 and 1.65.

  • PDF

Microsomal Proton Transport Activity Measured by Quinacrine Fluorescence from Tomato Roots (Quinacrine 형광을 이용한 토마토 뿌리조직 마이크로솜의 수소이온이동 활성측정)

  • Shin, Dae-Seop;Cho, Kwang-Hyun;Kim, Young-Kee
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.45 no.2
    • /
    • pp.53-58
    • /
    • 2002
  • Quinacrine, a pH-sensitive fluorescence probe, which exists either as an unprotonated fluorescence form or a protonated noufluorescence form, can be used to measure the proton transport activity of $H^+-ATPase$. Quinacrine was used to determine the optimal conditions for measuring the activity of microsomal $H^+-ATPase$ prepared from the roots of tomato plants. The amount of quinacrine fluorescence quenching obtained at $0.43{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of microsomal protein concentration was 25-26%, which shows that the enzyme activity of 100 nmol/min decreases 10% of quinacrine fluorescence. Maximal fluorescence quenching was obtained at pH 7.0-7.2 and 2 mM $Mg^{2+}$ Because the activity of microsomal $H^+-ATPase$ is also maximal at these conditions, the quinacrine fluorescence well represents the activity of $H^+-ATPase$. Vanadate and $NO_3-$, specific inhibitors of plasma and vacuolar $H^+-ATPases$, respectively, were successfully applied to inhibit the quinacrine fluorescence quenching mediated by the corresponding $H^+-ATPases$. These results imply that quinacrine is a useful tool for measuring the proton transport activities of microsomes obtained from the root tissue of tomato plants.

A Technique to Improve the Fit of Linear Regression Models for Successive Sets of Data

  • Park, Sung H.
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
    • /
    • v.5 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-28
    • /
    • 1976
  • In empirical study for fitting a multiple linear regression model for successive cross-sections data observed on the same set of independent variables over several time periods, one often faces the problem of poor $R^2$, the multiple coefficient of determination, which provides a standard measure of how good a specified regression line fits the sample data.

  • PDF

A RADO TYPE EXTENSION OF HOLDERS INEQUALITY

  • Kwon, Ern-Gun;Yoon, Kang-Hee
    • The Pure and Applied Mathematics
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 2000
  • An extension of $H\"{o}lder's$ inequality whose discrete form is described as follows is given. Let $\nu$ be a positive measure on a space Y, $\nu(Y)\;\neq\;0$, and let $f_{j}$(j = 1,2,...,n) be positive ν-integrable functions on Y. If ${\alpha}_j$ > 0(j = 1,2,...,n) and ${\beta}_j$(j = 1,2,...,k < n) are related to be (equation omitted) then (equation omitted).

  • PDF

Fabrication and pH response characteristics of LAPS(Light addressable potentiometric sensor) with electrolyte/$Si_3N_4/SiO_2$/Si structure (Electrolyte/$Si_3N_4/SiO_2/Si$ 구조의 LAPS 제작 및 pH 응답특성)

  • Chang Su-Won;Koh Kwang-Nak;Kang Shin-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.40-44
    • /
    • 1998
  • The LAPS device of fast response and high sensitivity, based on electrochemical potential difference, and its system were fabricated for the precise measurement of pH changes and its characteristic were investigated. The electrostatic variation characteristics of LAPS according to the pH changes and parameters in the device were verified through a simulation using LAPS equivalent circuit model. The LAPS device and its system were fabricated on the basis of the result of simulation. The fabricated LAPS system showed linear sensitivity (about 56 mV/pH within the range of pH 2 to pH 11. In order to overcome the defect of general urea sensor (especially slow response time), urease immobilized nitrocellulose membrane was attached on the LAPS and resulted in the very fast response time, 0.29 mV/sec, 0.86 mV/sec at urea concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml,\; 500{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. And also in order to measure the uranyl ion, the uranyl ion selective sensing membrane with calix[6]arene derivative was used and its sensitivity was 25mV/concentration decade in the wide uranyl ion concentration range of $10^{-11}M\;to\;10^{-4}M$.

A Novel Method for Measurements of the Penetration Depth of $MgB_2$ Superconductor Films by Using Sapphire Resonators with Short-Circuited Parallel Plates (Short-Circuited 평행판 사파이어 공진기를 이용한 $MgB_2$ 초전도체 박막의 침투깊이 측정법)

  • Jung, Ho-Sang;Lee, J.H.;Cho, Y.H.;Seong, W.K.;Lee, N.H.;Kang, W.N.;Lee, Sang-Young
    • Progress in Superconductivity
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.116-122
    • /
    • 2009
  • We introduce a measurement method that enables to measure the penetration depth($\lambda$) of superconductor films by using a short-ended parallel plate sapphire resonator. Variations in the $\lambda$ of $MgB_2$ films could be measured down to the lowest temperature using a sapphire resonator with a $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ film at the bottom. A model equation of $\lambda=\lambda_0[1-(T/T_c)^{\tau}]^{-1/2}$ for $MgB_2$ films appeared to describe the observed variations of the resonant frequency of the sapphire resonator with temperature, with $\lambda_0,\;\tau$, and $T_C$ used as the fitting parameters.

  • PDF

Measurement of Heat Transfer Rates and Pressure Drops in a Solid Particle Circulating Fluidized Heat Exchanger (고체입자 순환유동층 열교환기의 열전달률 및 압력강하 측정)

  • 이금배;전용두;박상일
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
    • /
    • v.12 no.9
    • /
    • pp.817-824
    • /
    • 2000
  • The fluidized solid particles not only increase heat transfer rates but have a cleaning function eliminating contaiminated substances caused from condensate water. An experiment was performed to measure heat transfer rates and pressure drops in a fluidized heat exchanger with circulating solid particle for constant heat transfer rate. As a results, the heat transfer rate increased by 26.9~2.6%, heat transfer coefficient by 11.9~2.7%, and pressure drop by 79.1~10.9% at the gas velocity of 6.1 ~12.1 m/s and solid particle flow rate of 100~50 kg/h with the heat exchanger of H: 50 mm, $D_p=2 in,\; and\;D_{BP}$=30 mm.

  • PDF

Measuring the matter energy density and Hubble parameter from Large Scale Structure

  • Lee, Seokcheon
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
    • /
    • v.38 no.2
    • /
    • pp.57.1-57.1
    • /
    • 2013
  • We investigate the method to measure both the present value of the matter energy density contrast and the Hubble parameter directly from the measurement of the linear growth rate which is obtained from the large scale structure of the Universe. From this method, one can obtain the value of the nuisance cosmological parameter $\Omo$ (the present value of the matter energy density contrast) within 3% error if the growth rate measurement can be reached $z >3.5$. One can also investigate the evolution of the Hubble parameter without any prior on the value of $H_0$ (the current value of the Hubble parameter). Especially, estimating the Hubble parameter are insensitive to the errors on the measurement of the normalized growth rate $f \sigma_8$. However, this method requires the high $z$ ($z >3.5$) measurement of the growth rate in order to get the less than 5% errors on the measurements of $H(z)$ at $z \leq 1.2$ with the redshift bin $\Delta z = 0.2$. Thus, this will be suitable for the next generation large scale structure galaxy surveys like WFMOS and LSST.

  • PDF