• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-74
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• 1979

To evaluate the results of nutritional education in junior college, the content of lunch box of junior college students were surveyed. Among 749 students in Gunsan Fisheries Junior College, 325 men who had carried a lunch box were selected as subject. All the nutrients except vitamin D given in Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Korean people, and foods in lunch box were also considered as a food groups. To see how many students had interests about their own nutrition, people who packed lunch box were also checked. The results obtained from this survey were: 1. All the nutrients except calcium and iron of lunch box were low when compared with Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances of Korean people. 2. Vitamin A was approximately similar to the Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Korean people. 3. Over 50% of calorie, protein and niacin were provided by main food, although other nutrients were principally from supplemental foods. 4. Supplemental foods were few in kinds and chiefly salty foods such as preserved and processed foods in the lunch box. 5. There may be a fault in nutritional education in junior college because there were few students who had an interest in their own nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

The variation of the dissolved inorganic nutrients were investigated four times per year in the costal area of Gunsan, Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2010. Water samples were collected at 10 stations and phsico-chemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic nutrients. The average of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) for ten years at Gunsan area showed similar concentration between surface and bottom. The average of DIN at surface was 0.421mg/L (0.198~0.846mg/L) and bottom was 0.344mg/L(0.148~0.717mg/L). The highest value of annual average of DIN at surface was 0.846mg/L in 2002 and the lowest value was 0.198mg/L in 2010. The percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate for the average DIN of 10 years showed 27%, 3% and 70% which showed most of DIN was nitrate. Dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) for ten years at Gunsan area showed similar concentration between surface and bottom and DIP was decreasing from 2003 to 2010. The average of DIP of 10 years was 0.024mg/L and annual average 0.021mg/L in 2008, 0.007mg/L in 2009 and 0.008mg/L in 2010 which showed decreasing pattern from 2007 to 2010. The average of DIN/DIP ratio from 2002 to 2010 was 6.0(3.2~10.1) at surface and 4.6(2.6~7.0) at bottom. The average value of dissolved inorganic silicate from 2004 to 2010 showed 0.372mg/L at surface layer and 0.352mg/L at bottom layer and was on decreased from 2006 to 2010. The Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out to knowrelation among the salinity and dissolved inorganic nutrients at the surface and bottom layer. The correlation factor of DIN was -0.72, DIP was -0.46 and dissolved inorganic silicate was -0.63 at surface layer and DIN was -0.70, DIP was -0.44 and dissolved inorganic silicate was -0.57 at bottom layer. The dissolved inorganic nutrients at the nearshore of Gunsan was affected from the freshwater discharge of Geum river. Especially, a lot of DIN flowed into the nearshore of Gunsan from Guem river. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients at Gunsan showed high at station 1, 2 and 3 and there was a little concentration differences according to the cruise time. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients showed high value at the station 1, 2, 3 which exist nearshore of Gunsan city and it means these stations mainly affected by Geum river and Gunsan city. The annual average of dissolved inorganic nutrients showed gradually decreased from 2003 to 2010 and we need more research on this conditions.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.299-319
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• 2022

Since 2010, there have been phenomena that the recession of key industries has spreaded into a regional crisis, affecting the overall regional economy in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the regional industrial structure and manufacturing competitiveness has been changed in Gunsan, which is in crisis due to the decline of the shipbuilding and automobile industries. As a result, the pace of change in industrial structure of Gunsan has accelerated, and this is because the mass employment released from the key industries has been absorbed into other industries, but there were no manufacturing fields that could replace the recession of the key industries. Among the manufacturing of Gunsan, the degree of specialization of the basic industries has been gradually weakened, and in addtion, the weakening of location competitiveness has brought a negative impact on the growth rate differential of the manufacturing. It is necessary to closely examine changes in characteristics of regional industrial structure for Gusan to find an alternative direction in order to respond to the manufacturing crisis.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.550-561
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• 2009

This study is to investigate the air pollution characteristics of an industrialized midsize west-coastal city by comparing air quality to a neighboring inland city. The hourly averaged data of $O_3$, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, CO, and $PM_{10}$ measured from continuous air quality monitoring sites in Gunsan (coastal) and Jeonju (inland) were analyzed. The data set covers the period from 2004 to 2006. The annual average concentrations of the air pollutants in two cities were compared in their abundances and temporal trends as well. $O_3$ and $SO_2$ in Gunsan were relatively higher than those in Jeonju, while vice versa in case of $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$. It seems that heavy automobile emissions from Jeonju mainly bring on higher $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ than those in Gunsan on annual base. $NO_2$ concentrations in both cities showed bimodal diurnal variations with peaks in the morning and in the late evening. These peaks correspond to the coupled effects of rush hour traffic and meteorological conditions (i.e., variation of mixing height and dispersion conditions). Maximum hourly averages of $NO_2$ ranged from 18 ppb to 28 ppb at Jeonju, and from 12 ppb to 20 ppb at Gunsan. $O_3$ showed typical diurnal variation with a maximum in the afternoon between 14:00 and 16:00 LST. Diurnal variations of CO and $PM_{10}$ were similar to $NO_2$ while $SO_2$ was similar to $O_3$. Seasonal variations of $PM_{10}$ in both cities indicated that their concentrations during spring season were significantly high. Asian dust storms occur frequently during spring and seem to affect increase in $PM_{10}$. High $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ days were selected from both cities. The analyses based on the HYSPLIT trajectory model during the high $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ showed these episodes (six cases) were mostly coincident with Asian dust storm originated from northern China and Mongolia. However, these high air pollution episodes in the west coastal cities may not only be caused by the Asian dust but also affected by other air pollutants transported from China accompanying the Asian dust.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2011

For each local town (6 cities and 8 counties) affiliated with Jeonbuk provincial government, characteristics of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were analyzed and key emission areas were drawn to establish mitigation policies of the regional greenhouse gases. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) reported that the total greenhouse gas emission of Jeonbuk was 20.93 million $tCO_2e$ in 2006. The inland area of 5 cities and 1 county (Jeonju, Gunsan, Iksan, Jungeup, Kimje, Wanju) covered 82% of total greenhouse gas emission in Jeonbuk, while the rest local towns of the province, mostly from mountainous areas were responsible for the rest of the total GHG emission. The cities and counties having relatively higher emission in Jeonbuk province were influenced dominantly by the emission from energy and waste sections. Also, agricultural section showed similar tendency except industrial cities such as Gunsan and Jeonju. In the internal portion of city and county, energy section showed the highest portion at the range of 72.1 (Sunchang)~97.0% (Jeonju) and agricultural section was at the range of 1.2% (Jeonju)~26.6 (Sunchang). When the portion of energy section was higher, the lower agricultural section. The emission index was applied to decide the key city and county and the potential city and county with two methodologies in this study. It was required that the key emission areas were drawn to establish regional greenhouse gases mitigation policies.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2023

In this study, small bird tracks from the Cretaceous Sanbukdong Formation in Gunsan City, South Korea, were briefly described. Detrital zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating was conducted of the tuffaceous sandstone from the formation to determine the depositional age of the vertebrate track-bearing strata. Small bird tracks are not well-preserved but divided into two types: two consecutive tracks and three isolated tracks. They are small, asymmetric, slender, functionally-tridactyl tracks, which lack a web between digits. The consecutive and isolated tracks were identified as Koreanaornis dodsoni? and Koreanaornis ichnosp., respectively. This study adds avian tracks to the Sanbukdong tetrapod track assemblage composed of theropods, ornithopods, and pterosaur tracks. According to the U-Pb dating, the estimated age of the Sanbukdong Formation is 112.5±5.8 Ma, regard as the Aptian Stage, representing the maximum depositional age for the Sanbukdong Formation. The Sanbukdong Formation can be correlated with the lower part of the Jinju Formation in the Gyeongsang Basin. Thus, small avian tracks may represent the oldest Korean occurrence of Koreanaornis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2012

Objectives: The changes in atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were extensively studied in one metropolitan city (Incheon), two small and medium sized cities (Gunsan, Cheonan), and a rural area (Gosan in Jeju). The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb) and the component features of $PM_{2.5}$ were determined for these areas. Methods: This study sampled $PM_{2.5}$ at the designated locations in the metropolitan (Incheon), small and medium sized cities (Gunsan in Jeonbuk and Cheonan in Chungnam), and rural area (Gosan in Jeju) to investigate concentrations with a sampling device (Sequential sampler, APM Eng., Korea). Sampling was undertaken over months, from June 26 to November 26, 2009. Sampling was conducted a total of 44 times, with routine sampling at intervals of six days (24 total times) and intensive sampling (20 total times) during the summer and fall. Mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was evaluated and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb) were analyzed. Results: The geometric average of concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ per district was $35.289{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cheonan, $29.955{\mu}g/m^3$ for Incheon, $24.119{\mu}g/m^3$ for Gunsan, and $18.773{\mu}g/m^3$ for Jeju, respectively. The average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in Cheonan was the highest. The seasonal concentration distributions per district showed Cheonan $33.387{\mu}g/m^3$, Incheon at $31.550{\mu}g/m^3$, Gunsan $22.900{\mu}g/m^3$, and Jeju $18.900{\mu}g/m^3$ in the summer. For the autumn, the concentrations were $36.873{\mu}g/m^3$ in Cheonan, $28.625{\mu}g/m^3$ in Incheon, $25.227{\mu}g/m^3$ in Gunsan, and $18.667{\mu}g/m^3$ in Jeju. According to the collected data, the concentration showed a tendency to rise during the autumn in all of these regions with the exception of Incheon. For heavy metal distribution per district, Fe showed an elevated concentration during the summer while high concentrations of Pb and Zn occurred during the autumn. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that atmospheric factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals. The results of this study could be used as foundational data for setting environmental air standards focusing on a $PM_{2.5}$ receptor.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

The extinction crisis of local cities, caused by a population density increase phenomenon in capital regions, directly causes the increase of vacant houses in local cities. According to population and housing census, Gunsan-si has continuously shown increasing trend of vacant houses during 2015 to 2019. In particular, since Gunsan-si is the city which suffers from doughnut effect and industrial decline, problems regrading to vacant house seems to exacerbate. This study aims to provide a foundation of a system which can predict and deal with the building that has high risk of becoming vacant house through implementing a data driven vacant house prediction machine learning model. Methodologically, this study analyzes three types of machine learning model by differing the data components. First model is trained based on building register, individual declared land value, house price and socioeconomic data and second model is trained with the same data as first model but with additional POI(Point of Interest) data. Finally, third model is trained with same data as the second model but with excluding water usage and electricity usage data. As a result, second model shows the best performance based on F1-score. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine, XGBoost and LightGBM which are tree ensemble series, show the best performance as a whole. Additionally, the complexity of the model can be reduced through eliminating independent variables that have correlation coefficient between the variables and vacant house status lower than the 0.1 based on absolute value. Finally, this study suggests XGBoost and LightGBM based machine learning model, which can handle missing values, as final vacant house prediction model.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 1999

The present study aimed to elucidate whether and intestinal fluke, Gymnophalloides sp. exist in Gogunsan-gundo located at western part of Korean Peninsula; about 100 km apart from Gunsan city, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The survey was carried out Two times each in 1997 and 1998, examining stool samples by means of formalin-ether concentration method. Results are summarized as follows : of 411 fecal samples examined, Gymnophalloides sp. positives were 19 (8.9%); 9.5% inMunyeodo, 1% in Seonyudo, but none in Jangjado. The positive cases did not show any specific clinical complaints. Prevalence rate of Gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae from oysters, Crassostrea gigas were 80.8%

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.323-327
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• 2008

The population of the elderly and elderly living alone goes on increasing. Most elderly does not want to move into another place out of their present living environment. So it is essential to know their living conditions for the quality of living, especially the aged living alone out of their children' care. Unfortunately there is scarcely any house designed for the aged, especially elderly living alone until now. So this study investigated the living environment of the elderly living alone in gunsan city. The ratio of the female aged living alone is about 3 times than the male but the male population is increasing. Most of them are troubled with more than a disease and use aids and feel the necessity of the others' help. The ratio of the absolute poverty among the elderly living alone is about 30%. The majority of them are almost 65-84 years old with living detached house. Most of them own their house. They living in detached house are of a mind to remodel bath/toilet first of all and they living in apartment or row houses have a intention of remodeling an air conditioner and paper walls and ceiling and flooring of all things in house. As the bath and restroom have been pointed as a dangerous space for elderly, the elderly living alone pointed out them as to be remodeled. It seemed the air conditioner in house do not work well in view of their poor economic condition. For the elderly It is needed economic and institutional supports of private organization or government.