• 열처리공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2018

In-rich InGaN epilayers were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE). InGaN epilayers grown at various growth condition were observed by SEM, XRD, and RHEED. When plasma power of nitrogen increased from 290 to 350 W, surface morphology and crystal quality became worse according to more active nitrogen on the surface of InGaN at N-rich growth condition. As In composition was reduced from 89 to 71% by changing the incoming flux of In and Ga, surface morphology and crystal quality became worse. In addition, weak peaks of cubic InGaN phase was observed from InGaN layer with 71% In composition by XRD ${\Phi}$ scan measurement. When growth temperature decreased from 500 to $400^{\circ}C$, RHEED diffraction pattern was changed to be from streaky to spotty which means atomically rough surface, and spotty pattern showed cubic symmetry of InGaN clearly. XRD ${\Phi}$ scan measurement gave clear evidence that more cubic InGaN phase was formed at low growth temperature. All these results indicates that extremely low surface mobility of Ga adatom caused inferior crystal quality and cubic InGaN phase.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2007

본 연구는 비폐쇄를 보이는 III급 부정교합아동에서, 기도 공간의 형태와 안모 골격 형태 사이의 상관관계를 평가하였다. III급 부정교합을 보이며, 비폐쇄 소견을 보여 이비인후과로 의뢰된 환아 100명의 초진 측모 두부 규격 방사선 사진에서 상 인두기도 공간(upper PAS), 하 인두기도 공간(lower PAS), 편도의 크기, 구개-혀 공간을 측정하여 기도 공간 형태를 분석하였으며, 통상적인 계측점을 사용하여 안면 골격 분석을 시행하여 기도 공간 형태 계측항목과 안면 골격분성 항목간의 상관관계를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Upper PAS는 ramal height, SNA, SNB, PFH, FHR, facial plane angle 항목과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, saddle angle, articular angle, gonial angle의 sum, SN-GoGn, Y-axis to SN, FMA 항목과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. Lower PAS는 genial angle, FMA와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, articular angle, facial depth, PFH, FHR와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 편도의 크기는 PCBL, ramal height, Mn. body length, Mn. body length to ACBL, facial depth, facial length, PFH, AFH와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 구개-혀 공간은 saddle angle, articular angle, genial angle의 합, facial length, AFH, FMA, LFH와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, IMPA, overbite와 음의 상관관계를 보였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary protease (PR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 75 weaned pigs [7.06 ± 0.18 kg of average body weight (BW); 28 day old] were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (blocks = BW and sex): a diet based on corn and soybean meal to meet the requirement of crude protein (CP) as a positive control (PC; CP = 24.49%), a low protein diet as a negative control (NC; CP = 22.51%), and NC + 0.02% PR. The PR used in this study was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. Pigs were fed the dietary treatments for 6 weeks and the diets containing 0.2% chromic oxide for the last week of this study. Blood, feces, ileal digesta, and ileum samples were collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen on respective time points. Measurements were growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), CP, and energy, frequency of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), and ileal morphology of weaned pigs. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during overall experimental period than those fed NC. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) AID or ATTD of DM, CP, or energy than those fed NC. Moreover, pigs fed PR had higher ratio between villus height and crypt depth (p < 0.05) and number of goblet cells (p < 0.05) than those fed NC. Addition of PR decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea for the first two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PR had lower (p < 0.05) PCV on d 14 after weaning than those fed PC and NC. In conclusion, addition of PR in nursery diets with a low protein level significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.275-275
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• 2009

CdTe(331)/Si(211) and CdTe(400)/Si(100) thin films have been grown by MOCVD(metal organic chemical vapor deposition) system for large scale of IFPAs(IR focal plane arrays). We have investigated the effect of various growth parameters on the surface morphology and structural quality. Single crystalline CdTe(331) films were grown by two stage growth method - low temperature buffer layer step and high temperature growth step. In other case, single crystal of CdTe(400) films were grown on a few atomic layer thickness of GaAs which is grown on Si(100) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The crystalline quality of the films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology and crystal structure of CdTe films were characterized by optical microscope.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the depth of antegonial notch and the craniofacial morphology, and to predict the mandibular growth direction & potential in class III malocclusion. The computerized analyses were carried out on longitudinal lateral cephalometric radiographs of 50 children with class III malocclusion, divided into two groups ; 30 deep notch subjects (more than 2.6mm) and 20 shallow notch subjects (less than 1.5mm). The conclusions were as follows: 1. The mandibular growth direction in deep notch group was more vertically directed than in shallow notch group. 2. Deep notch group had shorter anterior & posterior cranial base than shallow notch group. 3. There was not significant difference between deep & shallow notch groups in the amount of mandibular growth during treatment period. 4. Notch depth increased in both deep & shallow notch groups during treatment period.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.284-284
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• 2006

Electrospray deposited films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) were prepared with various conditions. A model has been developed, which provides the state of the electrosprayed droplet at impact. With a combination of the experimental films and the model calculations, it can be shown that growth rate, the increase of the sprayed solution on the substrate per second, defines the film morphology in electrospray deposition. Growth rate indicates which factors play the main role in the film formation process. The most important factors are liquid flow, surface tension and shear rate. The model can calculate the shear rate and it is shown that PVDF, and most likely polymers in general, has a large range of growth rates, where the morphology only depends on the shear rate of the depositing droplet. This method can also be used to describe electrospray deposition of other compounds.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2002

A $TiO_2$ film for photocatalyst was prepared by anodic oxidation at 180V in acidic electrolyte and film formation mechanism was studied. The major part of anodic $TiO_2$ film consisted of anatase type structure and surface morphology exhibited a porous cell structure. The thickness growth rate of the oxide film with anodization time revealed two-stage slope corresponds to the surface morphology between anodic films. The growth of pores on cell structure and the growth rate of film with two-stage slope are related to the constant formation rate of the $TiO_2$ layer.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1984

A roentgeno cephalometric comparative study was undertaken to reveal significant differences of craniofacial morphology and growth between unilateral cleft lip and palate and normal individuals. The material for this study consisted 32 subjects with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (27 male, 5 female) and 44 normal subjects (22 male, 22 female). The analysis was performed by Coben's method and the measurements were compared by Student's t-test. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. In the UCLP subjects there is definite decrease in midfacial growth, so they showed concave profile. 2. The ramus inclination angle and AR-GO of UCLP subjects are larger than normal subjects. 3. The craniofacial height of UCLP subjects is smaller than normal subjects, especially in midface. 4. The lower part of craniofacial height of UCLP subjects is larger than normal subjects.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

In this study, the effects of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors on hydrate formation and dissociation behaviors were identified. The nucleation and growth of CP hydrate in the presence of methanol were monitored by optical microscope. Cyclopentane was used to demonstrate the oil phase in the pipeline in this study. Hydrate morphology, required time for hydrate formation, hydrate dissociation temperature were also identified by experiments. With the addition of methanol in water solution, the hydrate nucleation as well as hydrate growth were delayed. Moreover, hydrate morphology was also varied with the addition of methanol. Hydrate formation and dissociation temperature also decrease as the concentration of methanol increases.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.416-421
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• 2000

We have developed a simple model for describing the non-spherical particle growth phenomena using modified 1-dimensional sectional method. In this model, we solve simultaneously particle volume and surface area conservation sectional equations which consider particles' irregularities. From the correlation between two conserved properties of sections, we can predict the evolution of the aggregates' morphology. We compared this model with a simple monodisperse-assumed model and more rigorous two dimensional sectional model. For the comparison, we simulated silica and titania particle formation and growth in a constant temperature reactor environment. This new model shows a good agreement with the detailed two dimensional sectional model in total number concentration, primary particle size. The present model can also successfully predict particle size distribution and morphology without costing very heavy computation load and memory needed for the analysis of two dimensional aerosol dynamics.