• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1974

The age of maximum growth increments-the adolescent spurt-is not only of developmental interest but is used as a marker for timing other growth events. And the mandibular growth rate follows the general growth curve, it is essential for an orthodontist to take the current and exact information about physical growth of patients. The author measured and studied the body height and weight of 11,694 children living in Seoul, and calculated out the mean, standard deviation, coefficient value, annual increments, percentage increments of each value, and made diagram to compare it with others. 1. The growth curve shows linear increment tendency until 17 years of age in male, 15 years in female. 2. The annual increment curves of body height and weight reveals the most peak value in 14-16 years in male and 11-14 years in female. 3. During 11-14 years of age, female growth exceed the male growth in the body height growth. And in weight growth, female growth exceed the male growth during 6-7 years and 11-12 years to show twice crossing. 4. It seemed that until 11-12 years in male and until 9-10 years in female the height growth show the priority to weight growth. And from 17 years in male and 15 years in female the body growth reveals the balanced growth pattern. 5. The time of changes of standard deviation curves of body height and weight coincided with that of annual increments. 6. The prominent high value of body height and weight in the comparison with other data may be due to the secioeconomical and nutritional, environmental influence. 7. The growth accerlation phenomena was detectable.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1989

The eels, Anguilla japonica, were reared in a tank with daily feeding for up to 97 days, and otoliths were regularly collected for the observation of their microstructures. Microscopic observation of the thin-sectioned otolith under dark field provided significant information on daily growth increments as well as the difference in visual contrast shown by the increments. Clearly defined elver mark formed during the metamorphosis from leptocephalus to the elver can be considered as the origin of the age for the sedentary yellow eel in continental water. The close correspondence between the number of increments outside elver mark and chronological age in days from the beginning of feeding indicates that increment deposition on a daily basis was initiated with the start of feeding for the sedentary yellow eel. Either 7 or 14 daily growth increments were grouped together into 2 alternative units, each distinguished by prominent checks or by visual contrast. The absence of any apparent environmental variations with 7 or 14 day period in the reared tank implies that the phase of the moon could be a zeitgeber for the endogenous rhythm.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 1981

Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children(25 males, 15 females) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years were studied by means of computer morphometrics and statistical analysis. As a result of this study, the following conclusions can be made: 1. In both sexes, the mean growth patterns of the face were very stable and the growth directions of the face were more prominent both forward and down-ward away from the cranial base(S-N). 2. In the mandible, the rotation and the 'wave-like' manner of migration were observed. 3. The size of the lateral faces in males was larger than females at 6 and 13 years of age, and the forms of the lateral faces in males were slightly more squares than females at 13 years of age. 4. The sex differences and practical means in the growth increments and growth rates during 7 years of the growth period were as follows: (1) In the total face, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $26.21cm^2$, females $23.24cm^2$) and growth rates(males $42.02\%$, females $39.28\%$). (2) In the facial surface 1, there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males $21.30cm^2$, females $19.19cm^2$) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $41.35\%$, females $39.10\%$). (3) In the anterior total facial height(N-Ne), there was no significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 18.23mm, females 17.45mm) and the growth rates(males $18.44\%$, females $18.19\%$). (4) In the posterior total facial height(S-Go), there was a significant sex difference in the growth increments(males 14.61mm, females 12.98mm) but there was no significant sex difference in the growth rates(males $23.78\%$, females $22.25\%$). 5. The percentages of anterior upper facial height to anterior total facial height in both sexes were very stable in spite of the age increase. 6. The percentage of total facial height to standing height was reduced by the age increase, and the reduced rate of anterior total facial height(males $13.26\%$, females $13.75\%$) was larger than the posterior total facial height(males $9.95\%$, females $11.70\%$). 7. The correlations of lateral facial surfaces to the standing height and the weight were higher in males than females, but the level of correlation in males was in the moderate range.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to analyze how appropriately the sizing of domestically produced children's wear compares to children's sizes; it is based on an anthropometric survey conducted in 1998. By discovering and understanding discrepancies between the sizing system of children s wear and the real size of children, this study aims to suggest solutions that will lead to increased comfort and more suitable fitting in children's clothes. This research analyzes and compares 'the extent of growth between age groups' with 'the difference in sizing system in use by manufacturers'. The study focused on aged 4 to 12 children, who are usually divided in two groups; primary students and toddlers. In total, seven sizes were selected: bust, waist, and hip (which are girth sizes), and height, back neck to waist (top length), sleeve length, and waist to ankle (slacks length) as representing length. The results of this research are analyzed by basing on the actual increments between the sizes of children's wear in certain basic items rather than sizes themselves because each size quite differed according to companies, items and designs. Significantly, the increase in the sizing was not as great as the average biennial growth rate of children. The consequences are poorer fit and unsuitable representative value for each age group because the actual sizes of children increasingly differ from the sample size. Observing the increments in several sizes, we found that 81.8% of the companies used the certain and equal increases for grading sizes in sleeve length, waist, and bust. In addition, 72.7% of the companies adopted the same increments between sizes in height and hip girth, and 63.6% also chose equal increments in T-shirt length for making smaller or bigger sizes from the sample size. However, sleeve length and pant length were the components that displayed the most varied sizing. Interestingly, the few companies that used different increments between size groups, adopted the change only between one or two size groups, instead of all sizes. In conclusion, this research reveals the unsuitability of the current sizing system and the necessity to increase consumer confidence in the size tags on children's wear by modifying the system to reflect the actual growth of children. The results can also contribute to future study on the development of a new and more accurate sizing system for children's wear.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1146-1157
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• 2005

As individual family has fewer children, market sectors targeting children's goods upgrade their products quality and price. Children's wear used to be for casual activity or going to school. Recently, occasions in which children are dressed up are getting increase, such as wedding, concert or family gathering. Therefore, the industry sector of formal wears for school boys are growing. The purpose of this study is to research and grading of formal wears for school boys to improve their fit and comfort. The selected items as formal wear were tailored jacket, tuxedo, tail coat and pants. Based on the grading increments of the industry, grading was done far 7 years and 11 years old school boy for each item. Like the pattern alteration, grading increments were tested and altered through wearing tests. The final increments were suggested as the 'researched grading increments'. The results and conclusions are: 1. Appropriate size allowance, ease amount and lengths for boys are different from those far adults. The difference should be applied for boy's wear. 2. Grading increments for an age group are different from other age group. For example increments of 7 from 9 are different from that of 11 from 9. It is because a certain part grows faster during a certain age whereas other part grows faster during different period. Therefore grading for children should reflect their growth rather than same size increments which is common in adult size chart.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

실험실에서 황복을 부화 후 1일에서 63일까지 사육하면서 표본을 추출하여 황복의 초기성장과 이석의 미세구조 관찰하였다. 부화 당시 황복의 전장은 3.09$\pm$0.02 mm였으며, 부화 후 10일에 전장 4.96$\pm$0.24 mm, 20일에는 5.39$\pm$0.42 mm, 30일에는 9.13$\pm$0.59 mm로 성장하였고, 부화 후 34일에는 평균 10.78$\pm$0.96 mm로 성장하였으며, 부화 후 43일에는 16.40$\pm$2.31 mm, 부화 후 63일에는 30.49$\pm$1.53 mm로 성장하였다. 부화한 황복 이석의 평균 장반경은 14.20$\pm$1.21 $\mu\textrm{m}$였고, 부화 후 10일째는 31.06$\pm$2.31 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 20일째는 57.19$\pm$6.19 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 34일째는 127.13$\pm$13.13 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 43일째는 190.79$\pm$17.08 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 63일째는 281.85$\pm$23.81 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 부화 후 20일 이후의 이석의 크기변화는 체장의 성장 경향과 유사하였다 황복의 이석에는 다른 성장선들과 구별되는 부화정지선이 형성되어있으며, 부화정지선 형성이전에 2-3개의 미세성장선이 관찰되었다. 부화 후 20일부터 63일까지, 황복의 이석에 형성된 일일성장선의 수와 경과한 일수는 1차 비례관계를 보였으며, 하루에 한 개씩 형성되어지는 것이 확인되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 1987

This study was designed to investigate the growth amount and rate of mandible by the measurements of mandibular lateral surface and the relationship of peak growth increments between mandible and body height The sample consisted of twenty-five boys and fifteen girls between the ages of 6 and 13 The surface of mandible was measured from digitized roentgenocephalometric analysis (A 27 point mandibular model) The findings of this study can be summarized as follows 1 No significant difference was found between mandibular lateral surfaces of the both sexes at the ages studied. 2 The mean growth amount of mandibular lateral surface from 6 to 13 years of ages was $9\;09cm^2$ in boys and $8\;29cm^2$ in girls, and the mean growth rate was 46 07% in boys and 42 57% in girls 3 The prepubertal peak growth increment in mandible was found between the ages of 11-12 in girls and 12-13 in boys 4 The prepubertal peak growth increments of mandible occured one year later that of body height in boys and girls.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.897-904
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• 2013

Seven bacterial isolates (viz., AB05, AB10, AB11, AB12, AB14, AB15, and AB17) were derived from the rhizosphere and evaluated in terms of plant growth-promoting activities and the inhibition of Phytophthora infestans affecting tomatoes in Korea. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, a majority of the isolates are members of Bacillus, and a single isolate belongs to Paenibacillus. All seven isolates inhibited P. infestans by more than 60% in vitro. However, AB15 was the most effective, inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen by more than 80% in vitro and suppressing disease by 74% compared with control plants under greenhouse conditions. In a PGPR assay, all of the bacterial isolates were capable of enhancing different growth parameters (shoot/root length, fresh biomass, dry matter, and chlorophyll content) in comparison with non-inoculated control plants. AB17-treated plants in particular showed the highest enhancement in fresh biomass with 18% and 26% increments in the root and shoot biomass, respectively. However, isolate AB10 showed the highest shoot and root growth with 18% and 26% increments, respectively. Moreover, the total chlorophyll content was 14%~19% higher in treated plants.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1987

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the growth changes of mandibular symphysis and lower incisors with age. The material was 294 lateral cephalometric radiographs taken longitudinally from 6 to 13 year old children, who were not teated orthodontically. The following conclusions seem to be warranted. 1. The sex difference of the measurements of mandibular symphysis and lower incisors were not statistic ally significant. 2. There were growth increments (2.69mm in boys and 2.08mm in girls) in the total thickness of mandibular symphysis. 3. There were a great change and individual variations on the curvature of anterior border of mandibular symphysis. 4. The chin angle had a tendency to decrease progressively in both sexes. 5. There were growth increments (8.23mm in boys and 7.40mm in girls) in the anterior dental height. 6. The lower anterior teeth tended to incline labially with age.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

본 연구는 경기도 가평, 광주, 그리고 충청북도 영동에 식재된 잣나무 차대검정림을 대상으로 미기후가 잣나무 초기생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 지역별ㆍ임령별로 평균 흉고직경, 평균 수고, ha당 흉고단면적, ha당 재적 등의 임분통계량을 측정ㆍ요약하였으며, 이에 근거하여 10년 생부터 20년 생까지 10년 간의 초기생장에 대한 임분변수별 연년생장량을 파악하였다. 환경요인으로서 각 차대검정림의 지역별 미기후 조건이 생장에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 지형기후학적 방법과 공간통계 기법을 사용하였다. 이상과 같이 얻어진 연도별 기후 추정치에 근거하여 임목생장에 영향을 미치는 30개의 기후지수를 각 차대검정림별로 추정하였다. 최종적으로 이들 30개의 기후지수와 각 임분변수별 연년생장량 간의 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 통하여 국지기후가 잣나무 생장에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 지역별 잣나무의 초기생장은 경기도 가평과 광주의 순서로 우수하였으며, 충청북도 영동은 매우 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 지역별 생장특성은 각 연구 대상지의 미기후와 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있는데, 기온이 낮고 높은 습도를 유지하는 지역이 잣나무 생장에 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 상관분석과 임분 변수별 생장을 추정하기 위해 도출된 최적 회귀식에 채택된 기후지수를 보면 잣나무의 초기 생장에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 미기후 조건은 낮은 기온인 것으로 판명되었다.