• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.967-972
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio on the nutrient digestibility and enteric methane ($CH_4$) emission in growing goats and Sika deer. Methods: Three male growing goats (body weight $[BW]=19.0{\pm}0.7kg$) and three male growing deer ($BW=19.3{\pm}1.2kg$) were respectively allotted to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with an adaptation period of 7 d and a data collection period of 3 d. Respiration-metabolism chambers were used for measuring the enteric $CH_4$ emission. Treatments of low (25:75), moderate (50:50), and high (73:27) F:C ratios were given to both goats and Sika deer. Results: Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased linearly with increasing F:C ratio in both goats and Sika deer. In both goats and Sika deer, the $CH_4$ emissions expressed as g/d, g/kg $BW^{0.75}$, % of gross energy intake, g/kg DM intake (DMI), and g/kg OM intake (OMI) decreased linearly as the F:C ratio increased, however, the $CH_4$ emissions expressed as g/kg digested DMI and OMI were not affected by the F:C ratio. Eight equations were derived for predicting the enteric $CH_4$ emission from goats and Sika deer. For goat, equation 1 was found to be of the highest accuracy: $CH_4(g/d)=3.36+4.71{\times}DMI(kg/d)-0.0036{\times}neutral$ detergent fiber concentrate (NDFC,g/kg)+$0.01563{\times}dry$ matter digestibility (DMD,g/kg)-$0.0108{\times}neutral$ detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, g/kg). For Sika deer, equation 5 was found to be of the highest accuracy: $CH_4(g/d)=66.3+27.7{\times}DMI(kg/d)-5.91{\times}NDFC(g/kg)-7.11{\times}DMD(g/kg)+0.0809{\times}NDFD(g/kg)$. Conclusion: Digested nutrient intake could be considered when determining the $CH_4$ generation factor in goats and Sika deer. Finally, the enteric $CH_4$ prediction model for goats and Sika deer were estimated.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation method to assess green environments of streetscapes to improve urban street green spaces in Jeonju City. Through a rapid assessment of urban street green spaces, we suggest an objective basis for expanding street green space as well as for adopting sustainable maintenance and improvement measures. We choose 12 sections of streetscapes (roads and sidewalks) to investigate existing street conditions which have more than four lanes and function as major road axes. Six large roads and six medium roads of Jeonju City center area are investigated as pilot assessment study sites. Site inventory checklists consist of environmental characteristics of streetscape, street tree status, and planting condition evaluation. Environmental characteristics of streetscapes are composed of physical and neighborhood factors. For instance, items for physical factors are types and width of road/sidewalks, paving materials, tree protection materials, and green strip. And surrounding landuse is a neighborhood factor. Assessment items for street tree status are street plant names (tree/shrubs/ground cover), size, and planting intervals. Planting condition evaluation items are tree shape, damage, canopy density, and planting types with existence of adjacent green space. Evaluation results are classified into three levels such as A(maintain or repair), B(greening enhancement), and C(structural improvement). In case of grade A, streetscapes have enough sidewalk width for maintaining green strip and a multi-layered planting(in large road only) with fairly good growing conditions of street trees. For grade B and C, streetscapes have a moderate level of sidewalk width with a single street tree planting. In addition, street tree growing conditions are appeared poor so that green enhancement or maintenance measures are needed. For median, only grade B and C are found as its planting growing foundations are very limited in space. As a result, acquiring enough sidewalk space is essential to enhance ecological quality of urban street green. Especially, it is necessary to have green strip with reasonable widths for plant growing conditions in sidewalks. In addition, we need to consider native species with multi-layer plant compositions while designing street green.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1778-1787
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• 2006

질적인 삶을 추구하는 노년 여성이 증가하고, 아름답게 가꾸고 싶어하는 미적 욕구가 커짐에 따라 화장품 산업의 급성장이 예견되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본 연구는 노년 여성들의 웰빙 성향과 외모관심도에 대하여 알아보고, 이들 변인이 화장품 구매의도와 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울 경기도에 거주하는 만 55세 이상의 여성 209명을 대상으로 설문분석을 실시하였고, SPSS를 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 노년 여성의 웰빙 성향은 친환경요인, 생활만족요인, 신체건강요인으로 나뉘어졌고, 외모관심도는 외모중시요인, 외모관리요인, 피부관리요인으로 구분되었다 이들 요인 중 웰빙 성향의 신체건강요인과 외모관심도의 외모중시요인이 노년 여성의 화장품 구매의도에 영향을 미치고, 화장품 구매 의도는 브랜드 충성도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이, 노년 여성들이 신체건강 및 외모를 중시할수록 화장품 구매의도 및 브랜드 충성도가 높아졌으므로, 이들의 웰빙 성향과 외모관심도는 브랜드 충성도를 유발하는 요인이라 할 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.791-797
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• 1993

생물공학에의 투과증발공정의 응용은 성장 중에 있다. 2단계 투과증발공정이 에탄올 발효의 분리공정에 적용되어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 물-에탄올의 조성이 50:50wt.%가 되는 두번째 투과분리공정을 나일론 4와 폴리비닐알코올 및 폴리아크릴산을 포함하는 나일론 4블렌드 막을 이용하여 조사하였다. 나일론 4막은 25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$에서 에탄올의 조성 변화에 따라 실험이 수행되어졌다. 나일론 4막은 물-에탄올 조성이 50 : 50wt.%에 대해 선택도 4.18 그리고 투과도 $0.69kg/m^2hr$을 얻은 반면에 5Mrad의 감마선에 의해 가교된 나일론 4-PVA 블렌드 막은 선택도 10.56, 투과도 $0.55kg/m^2hr$을 얻었다. 또한 나일론 4 막은 물-에탄올 혼합물의 공비점에서 호모폴리머 중 27.8의 높은 선택도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

Tumor angiogenesis was simulated using a two-dimensional computational model. The equation that governed angiogenesis comprised a tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) conservation equation in time and space, which was solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. The time derivative in the equation was approximated by a forward Euler scheme. A stochastic process model was used to simulate vessel formation and vessel elongation towards a paracrine site, i.e., tumor-secreted basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In this study, we assumed a two-dimensional model that represented a thin (1.0 mm) slice of the tumor. The growth of the tumor over time was modeled according to the dynamic value of bFGF secreted within the tumor. The data used for the model were based on a previously reported model of a brain tumor in which four distinct stages (namely multicellular spherical, first detectable lesion, diagnosis, and death of the virtual patient) were modeled. In our study, computation was not continued beyond the 'diagnosis' time point to avoid the computational complexity of analyzing numerous vascular branches. The numerical solutions revealed that no bFGF remained within the region in which vessels developed, owing to the uptake of bFGF by endothelial cells. Consequently, a sharp, declining gradient of bFGF existed near the surface of the tumor. The vascular architecture developed numerous branches close to the tumor surface (the brush-border effect). Asymmetrical tumor growth was associated with a greater degree of branching at the tumor surface.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2014

창업에 관한 많은 연구들이 있지만 ICT융합 스타트업 기업을 대상으로 하는 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 급속히 성장하고 있는 ICT융합분야에서 스타트업 기업을 대상으로 성공요인을 분석하고자 한다. 10개의 성공한 스타트업 기업의 사례를 바탕으로 ERIS모델을 활용하여 총 29가지의 성공요인을 도출하였다. ICT융합 사업화 형태를 소프트웨어 R&D 중심, 소프트웨어 마케팅 중심, 소프트웨어와 하드웨어를 결합한 R&D 중심, 소프트웨어와 하드웨어를 결합한 마케팅 중심으로 구분하였다. 성공요인 가운데 창업자와 연관된 역량이 가장 많았으며 전문적인 지식, 패러다임 속에서 사업기회의 포착 등을 들 수 있다. ICT융합이라는 기존의 스타트업 기업과 다른 형태의 사업화 과정에서 나타난 성공요인을 도출하였으며 스타트업 기업을 4가지 형태로 유형화하는 데 기여하였다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.235-257
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• 2007

In order to achieve the purpose, the present study reviews first research papers, both domestic and foreign, related to the e-SCM; it, then, sorts out the variables, economic and otherwise, that are believed to be the most important to the adaption factors of the e-SCM on Korean Hospitals. In recent days a growing concensus has been emerging among Korean Hospitals that a e-Supply Chain Management(SCM hereafter), if properly introduced and effectively managed, could secure a competitive edge in their Hospital business. Therefore, there is an urgent heed for an study that will attempt to find out the most significant factors, and most proprice Hospital environment, affecting the implementation of e-SCM in Korean Hospitals. For this study, 101 questionnaires were collected from the employee who is work at Korean Hospitals. We will make the concept by each variable clear through manipulative definition of each variable, also we will compose questions for the characteristics by each variable to be reflected. In relation to the questions required for the data analyses, 5 points Likert scale will use. The main findings are as follows: The relationship between the hospital types, hospital size and employee size and adaption degree of e-SCM was analyzed, respondents who had higher degree of hospital size and employee size showed higher level of adaption of e-SCM Regression analyses were carried out to examine the relative contribution of three set of variables on the adaption degree of e-SCM. This study explains that hospital environment factor, partner factor and IT infra factor are major factors in predicting the adaption degree of e-SCM. This study data has its limitation that collected by internet questionnaires. To present more solid data for the purpose of improving the study of e-SCM, further study which would complement the shortcomings is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was designed to localize the distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the developing rat condylar region and to elucidate the associated function of bFGF in the condyle development. The condyles of temporomandibular joint of Sprague-Dawley rats (27g of weight) were used. The tissues were examined with electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: 1. The developing condylar region are divided in to 5 zones apparently: proliferative, maturation, hypertrophic, calcifying, and ossification zones. 2. The cells in the proliferative zone are condensed and have under-developed cell organells in the cytoplasm. This zone shows a strong immunoreactivity of bFGF. 3. The cells in the maturation zone are typical chondroblasts showing well-developed cell organells and round nucleus. The cartilaginous matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the chondroblasts show the immunoreactivity. 4. The cells in the hypertrophic zone show hypertrophic change having the degenerated cell organelles and small nucleus. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the nucleus and endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 5, The cells in the calcifying zone show hypertrophic change and cell organelles are disappeared. The cells are surrounded by the calcified cartilaginous matrix. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 6. In the zone of bone formation, chondroblasts are disappeared. Newly differentiated osteoblasts secreting osteoid around the calcified cartilaginous matrix. The bone marrow shows the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the bone matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Purpose - With growing competition in the service distribution industry, the importance of managing customer complaints has increased. If firms handle customer complaints effectively, they can strengthen customer loyalty and repurchase intention. Many studies have focused on customers expressing complaints, yet research on silent customers is scant. This study focuses on two types of complainers and non-complainers. In other words, this study is to examine the value of voice complaint intention and no-action intention. This study also investigates how perceptual and relational factors affect complaint intention. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was carried out using the survey with undergraduate students who have faced a service failure in a retail store(fast foods, electronics, apparel). And if such complaint were to occur again, respondents were asked about any possible action they would take. 300 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 279 respondents provided complete and usable data. The sample consisted of 158 males(56.6%) and 121 females(43.4%). The structural equation modeling analysis was used for the hypothesis test. Results - The results are as follows. First, attitude toward complaining, likelihood of successful complaint, and ease of complaint were positively related to voice complaint intention. Second, attitude toward complaining, likelihood of successful complaint, and ease of complaint were negatively related to no-action intention. Third, commitment was positively related to voice complaint intention but didn't have a significant negative impact on no action. Forth, voice complaint behavior reduced switching intention and no-action intention enhanced switching intention. Conclusions - The findings of this study confirm the value of complaint behavior and show voice complaint intention and no-action intention should be managed differently. Voice complaint intention is evaluated positively because it reflects customers' concerns about the company, while no-action intention is evaluated negatively. Attitude toward complaing is the most effective in increasing voice complaint intention and likelihood of successful complaint is a major factor in reducing no-action intention. Also, in explaining switching intention, voice complaint intention plays a more important role than no-action intention.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.785-797
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• 2020

As the growth of world trade has surged rapidly over the past years, the number is expected to continue growing over the coming years. Although the transportation costs can be reduced by using larger vessels, however, new berthing structures have to be constructed in order to cater for the larger vessels. This leads to a need for researching on designing a better berthing structure. For optimization of berthing structure design, we need to provide a better estimation of berthing energy than the previous methods in the existing guidelines. In this study, several berthing parameters were collected from previous works and researches. Moreover, the scenarios were selected efficiently by using a sampling technique. First, the berthing energy was calculated by executing 150 numerical simulations. Then, the numerical simulation results were compared with the results calculated by existing methods quantitatively to investigate the sensitivity of the berthing parameters and the accuracy of existing methods. The numerical method results have shown some deviation with respect to the existing method results in which the degree of deviation varies with the methods and the tendency of differences is dependent on certain berthing parameters. Then, one of the existing methods which has shown a small deviation was selected as a representative method and applied with several safety factors to obtain a suitable safety factor for the design.