• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of walking exercise training on body composition and physical fitness in middle aged women. Method: The subjects were randomly assigned into an obese walking exercise training group (n=21), a non-obese walking exercise training group (n=9), or a control group (n=10). The women in the treatment groups were then subjected to brisk walking at 50~70% of maximum heart rate twice a week for 12 weeks. The results were then analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 for windows. Results: Body weight, BMI, % body fat, and WC were not significantly improved in the obese walking exercise training group and the non-obese walking exercise training group. However, muscular flexibility and muscular endurance were significantly improved in each of these groups (p<.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that 12 weeks of walking exercise training enhanced physical fitness. However, the treatment in this study did not improve the body composition of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.561-572
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the effects of power walking exercise on fatigue and overweight in college students with Taeumin constitution. Methods: According to results of the constitution diagnosis (QSCC II), 58 students who were identified as Taeumin, whose BMI was over 23 were assigned to one of three groups. The power walking group walked fast at a speed of 7,000 steps per hour using a pedometer, and the walking group walked at a speed of 5,000 steps per hour. There was no treatment with control group. Each group's fatigue level, blood lipids and body composition before and after the experiment were compared and analyzed. Results: Total fatigue and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the walking group and the control group. Weight decreased significantly in the power walking group compared to the control group, and percentage of body fat decreased significantly in both the power walking group and the walking group compared to the control group. Conclusion: When power walking exercise was used with overweight Taeumin students, fatigue, blood lipid, weight and percentage of body fat decreased significantly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 5 week walking program on body composition and functional fitness, as well as its effects on anxiety and depression in elderly women by regular walking exercise(RWE), which helps to provide proper treatment program to them. Method : The 32 subjects who had a regular walking exercise in this research and randomly assigned into two groups, a walking group and a control group. 15 subjects in the experimental group who had RWE. The 17 subjects in the control group who did not have walking exercise. The members of exercise group had walking 50 minutes a day, three times a week, for 5 weeks in same conditions. Results : After RWE, The participants showed lower body weight, body fat mass, % fat, BMI, wast-hip ratio in the walking program. Muscle mass and basic metabolic rate significantly increased after completing the walking program. The health-related physical fitness of the walking group, flexibility and static balance ability were significantly increased. elderly women taking RWE showed significant decreases in the anxiety and depression levels. Conclusion : Findings of this study indicated that A RWE program had favorable effect on body composition, functional fitness, and depression and anxiety in elderly women. Future research needs to target various elderly women groups of a long period.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

Object: To analyze the effect of a media-campaign for "walking exercise participation improvement", which impacted walking-related awareness and behavior change of residents in Seoul. Method: This study used three campaign media including printing information, walking exercise indication board and a public advertisement of cable TV to lead a walking-related awareness change and practice frequency(number of days per week walking) and time(minutes per day walking) of walking exercise. To evaluate the exposure and message-recall levels of a campaign and effects of awareness change and walking practice, this study used a questionnaire survey(N=377). Result: 1) Group of exposure to campaign more participate and had the higher frequency(p=.015) and time(p=.023) in walking exercise and in comparison with group of nonexposure. 2) Group of changed awareness to campaign more participate and had the higher frequency and time in walking exercise and in comparison with group of no changed perception(p <.05). 3) Level of message recall of ${\ulcorner}$printing information${\lrcorner}$ was associated with number of days per week walking, and level of message recall of ${\ulcorner}$public advertisement of cable TV${\lrcorner}$ was associated with minutes per day walking at a statistically significant level(p <.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that media campaign can enhance the success of community-based efforts to promote awareness change and walking practice.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to show the effect of walking exercise on physiological index, physical fitness, self-esteem. depression. and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly women aged over 70. Sample and Method: Data were collected from subjects who consented to participate in this program for eight weeks from the 2nd of July to the 27th of August 2005. The subjects were divided into two groups, 26 subjects in the experimental group who had walking exercise and 30 in the control group who did not have walking exercise. The intensity of the walking exercise allowed 50-65% of the maximum heartbeat. Results: The results of the experiment supported the hypothesis that the experimental group would have higher flexibility, left grip strength, sense of equilibrium, self-esteem and life satisfaction and lower depression than the control group. Conclusion: Walking exercise has the effect of decreasing diastolic blood pressure together with improvement in flexibility, left grip strength, sense of equilibrium, self-esteem, depression and life satisfaction for institutionalized elderly women aged over 70. According to the results presented above, walking exercise can be strongly recommended for improving the health of institutionalized elderly women.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks walking exercise program participation on changes in aging-related hormones concentration in elderly men. Methods: 16 elderly men(above 65 years old) were participated in 12 weeks walking exercise program by group types(exercise group ; n=8 & control group ; n=8), and their aging-related hormones(GH, testosterone and melatonin) levels were assessed before program(0 week) and after program(12 weeks). Regularly walking exercise program(field walking exercise) performed for 12 weeks(3days/week, 60~70min/day, HRR 55~65%). All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS/$PC^+$(ver. 13.0) program, and to evaluate the differences before and after treatment by groups, data were analyzed by paired t-test(a${\leq}$.05) and 2-way ANOVA was performed to examine the differences between groups and within groups by variables. Results and Conclusion: The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows ; In growth hormone. testosterone and melatonin response after 12 weeks exercise was increased significantly in walking exercise group(p<.01; p<.001; p<.001). And in result of 2-way ANOVA analysis for group, exercise, group${\times}$exercise, as compared with the exercise, there is significant difference in all items. Interaction effect of between group and exercise is difference significantly on GH(F=5.915, p<.05), testosterone(F=15.117, p<.01) and melatonin(F=8.131. p<.01) in all groups. We observed a direct relationship(positive improvement) between the regular physical activity and aging-related hormones(growth hormone, testosterone and melatonin concentrations) in elderly men.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization, resistance exercise, and combined exercise for lumbar on balance and walking ability of elderly. This study selected 22 subjects of over 65 years old elderly women who satisfy the study condition from A, B and C Senior Citizen's Center, in Daegu. The subjects were divided into groups; 7 for resistance exercise group, 8 for stabilization exercise group, and 7 for combined exercise group(resistance and stabilization exercise). The exercises were conducted for 60min a day, three times a week for 12 weeks. Balance and walking ability were checked before the exercise, 6 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. First, all lumbar muscle strengthening exercises were effective for static balance which changed according to exercising period. In dynamic balance, the resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand. Stabilization exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in sit to stand and timed up and go. There was no difference between the exercise types. Second, the resistance exercise group showed significant change in Cadence which changed according to exercising period. The combined exercise group showed significant improvement in all factors. Between the exercise types, combined exercise was a bit more effective than resistance exercise. According to the result of 12 weeks of lumbar muscle exercise, combined exercise is considered to be the most effective exercise to prevent fall as it helps balance and walking ability slightly more than other exercises. Therefore, this study can understand the risk factors for fall accidents that frequently occur among elderly and adopt the combined exercise to prevent fall which in turn will prevent secondary problems occur from fall accidents and improve quality of life of elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a moderate and fast walking exercise program on middle-aged women's fatigue, serum lipids and immunoglobulins. Method: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17th to July 25th, 2004 with 44 middle-aged women, consisting of 16 for the moderate walking group, 15 for the fast walking group and 13 for the control group. Result: Walking exercise at both a moderate and fast speed was effective in middle-aged women in reducing fatigue and serum lipids. It was also revealed that extended periods of exercise was more effective in decreasing fatigue while for reducing serum lipid, high intensity exercise was more effective. In this study, serum immunoglobulins were reduced after moderate and fast walking exercise but its cause was not fully understood so further research is needed. Conclusion: This study helps us recognize the importance of regular exercise and promotes motivation to exercise for a healthy life among middle-aged women.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of walking exercise on diabetes mellitus indicator and vascular compliance of type 2 diabetes mellitus adults. Methods The subjects were 2 groups; exercise group(n=11, $age=57.36{\pm}8.74$), non-exercise group(n=10, $age=59.20{\pm}5.81$). Walking exercise five or more times a week, and more than 10,000 steps per day with writing the walking diary ordered to the exercise group. For date analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and independent t-test was performed. Result After 45 days of walking exercise, weight (p <.01), abdominal obesity rate (p <.05), body fat mass (p <.05) showed significant difference between the groups. but diabetes indicators and vascular compliance tend to decreased in the exercise group, there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions Walking exercise is effective in improving body composition.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) balance exercise on the ability to balance and walk in patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: Following baseline measurements, patients (n=24) with hemiplegia caused by stroke were randomized into two groups: the PNF balance group (n=12) that received PNF balance exercise and the balance group (n=12) that received general balance exercise. Each group joined the intervention for 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Both groups performed the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance, as well as the 10-meter walking test (10MWT) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for walking. The data were collected both before and after the intervention. The paired t-test was used to compare the post-intervention changes compared with pre-intervention data. An independent t-test was used to analyze the differences in the dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the 6-week intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in balance (TUG, BBS) and walking (10MWT, 6MWT) parameters (p<0.05). The patients in the PNF balance group showed greater improvements in balance (TUG, BBS) and walking (10MWT, 6MWT) than those in the balance group (p<0.05). Conclusions: PNF balance exercise shows improvements in balance and walking parameters in patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke.