• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.46.2-46.2
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• 2019

The software group in Giant Magellan Telescope Organization (GMTO) is developing the GMT Software Development Kit (SDK) for the device control and the telescope operations. The SDK is dived into the modeling and the operation defining. In the modeling process, Domain Specific Language (DSL) can validate the availability of a model and generate a skeleton code automatically. After the modeling, the developer can simply define the device operation. All devices are connected via EtherCAT, and the SDK simplifies the network connection. This presentation will give an overview of the modeling process and development examples using the GMT SDK.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.957-965
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• 1999

그룹간 공동 작업이나 화상 회의와 같은 그룹 통신의 수요가 늘어나면서 멀티캐스팅을 이용한 효율적인 데이타 전송에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 특히 오디오나 비디오 데이타와는 달리 공동 문서 작업이나 그룹간 문서 전송을 위한 데이타 처리를 위해서는 어느 정도의 시간 손실이 있더라도 신뢰성을 보장할 수 있는 멀티캐스트 프로토콜이 요구된다. 그러나 멀티캐스트 전송에서의 신뢰성을 보장하기 위하여 손실 패킷에 대한 재전송 패킷이 전체 그룹으로 멀티캐스트 되는 것은 네트워크 상에 트래픽을 폭증시키는 요인이 된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지역 그룹에서의 오류 회복을 위한 재전송 제한 기법을 제안하여 손실 패킷의 재전송 과정에서 발생하는 트래픽의 폭주를 제어하고자 한다. 이것은 재전송 패킷이 중복없이 다중 수신자에게 전송될 수 있도록 하여 그룹 내의 재전송 패킷의 양을 줄이고 필요없는 중복 패킷이 네트워크의 효율을 저하시키는 것을 방지하고자 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. Abstract As the size and the geographic span of communication groups increases, efficient data transmission schemes using Multicast service become more and more essential. Especially, unlike audio and video applications, for some collaborative applications and other data delivery components which require ordered and lossless delivery of data, Reliable Multicast Service is needed to ensure consistent presentation across multiple views. Thus error recovery by retransmission of loss data is provided in order to guarantee the reliability of multicast transmission protocol. However, redundant retransmission packets by multicast may cause traffic implosion on the Internet and it can be aggravated with continuous retransmission.This paper describes a Restricted Retransmission Mechanism as an error recovery method of multicast service in a local group, which can handle traffic implosion in retransmission process. It reduces redundant retransmission packets flowing into a local group and supports reliable multicast transmission. The goal of this mechanism is to reduce retransmission packets and decrease the load for group members and networks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4013-4016
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• 2012

Purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy of females throughout the world with one million new cases each year. In Pakistan, the burden of breast cancer disease is high with late stage presentation being a common feature, more than half being stage III or stage IV. The objective of this study was to study various aspects, patterns and risk factors in breast cancer patients of Balochistan. Method: Present study was performed on 134 patients of breast cancer who were registered in CENAR. The patients were interviewed by providing a questionnaire. Informed consent was taken from all the patients who took part in this study after explanation of the study aims. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated andbiopsy reports were obtained from patients files. All the cases were classified with respect to age, gender, ethnic group (Baloch, Pashtoon, Punjabi, Afghani, Hazara) BMI, cancer type, cancer grade, hormonal status, side of the cancer, fertility and marital status. Results: Out of 134 patients, the most common ethnic group was Pashtoon with a total of 42 and the common age group was 41-50 years with a total of 51. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common type, accounting for in 128 patients (95.5%) followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Conclusion: Pashtoon was the most common ethnic group, IDC was common type and most of the patients had an ER/PR positive hormonal status.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1259-1272
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) laboratory class on the creative thinking and critical thinking of middle school students. Science writing heuristic programs were developed based on SWH strategies developed by Keys et al (1999). This study was conducted on 63 students from two classes as the comparative group and 63 students from two other classes as the experimental group. The cognitive level of the group as a homogeneous group was similar, and the program was applied to a total of 18 periods based on nine topics from March to July 2011. Evaluation instruments used in pre-test and post-test were the creative and critical thinking tests. To consider the score for creative and critical thinking. the SPSS 20.0 program was used. The study made use of technical statistics and ANCOVA. The result of this study showed that creative problem solving skills were improved by SWH in laboratory class. Therefore, persistent presentation of SWH teaching strategies and developing various experiment topics are required.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.599-615
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• 2016

The present research presents experimental and finite element studies to investigate the behavior of piled raft-tunnel system in a sandy soil. In the experimental work, a small scale model was tested in a sand box with load applied vertically to the raft through a hydraulic jack. Five configurations of piles were tested in the laboratory. The effects of pile length (L), number of piles in the group and the clearance distance between pile tip and top of tunnel surface (H) on the load carrying capacity of the piled raft-tunnel system are investigated. The load sharing percent between piles and rafts are included in the load-settlement presentation. The experimental work on piled raft-tunnel system yielded that all piles in the group carry the same fraction of load. The load carrying capacity of the piled raft-tunnel model was increased with increasing (L) for variable (H) distances and decreased with increasing (H) for constant pile lengths. The total load carrying capacity of the piled raft-tunnel model decreases with decreasing number of piles in the group. The total load carrying capacity of the piles relative to the total applied load (piles share) increases with increasing (L) and the number of piles in the group. The increase in (L/H) ratio for variable (H) distance and number of piles leads to an increase in piles share. ANSYS finite element program is used to model and analyze the piled raft-tunnel system. A three dimensional analysis with elastoplastic soil model is carried out. The obtained results revealed that the finite element method and the experimental modeling are rationally agreed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.741-744
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• 2004

디지털 홈 시대의 도약으로 가정용 TV의 기능과 그 역할이 확대되면서 Digital TV(DTV)가 새로운 가전기기의 하나로 등장하게 되었다. DTV를 통한 디지털 데이터 방송뿐 아니라 웹 컨텐츠의 다양한 활용이 가능하게 되면서 기존의 PC 환경과는 다른 DTV 환경에 적합한 새로운 컨텐츠 표현 규격이 필요해졌다. 이에 다수의 디지털 데이터 방송 표준 단체들이 DTV를 위한 디지털 데이터 방송용 컨텐츠 표현 규격을 제시하고 있고, DTV가 등장하기 이전부터 TV와 웹의 접목 기술을 위한 W3C의 활동도 있어왔다. 또한 양방향 TV 서비스 또는 웹 TV 서비스를 제공하는 방법으로 자체적인 컨텐츠 표현 규격을 정의하고 브라우저 등의 프로그램을 통해서 시청자들에게 TV에 특화된 다양한 웹 컨텐츠를 제공하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 현재까지 제시되어 온 DTV 또는 TV환경을 위한 컨텐츠 표현 규격들을 다양한 관점에서 비교 검토해보고자 한다. 또한 DTV가 가지는 특징들을 살펴봄으로써 TV와 다르고 또한 PC와도 다른 DTV만의 특성을 반영할 수 있는 컨텐츠 표현 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 통해서 DTV 시장 활성화의 선두 위치에 있는 국내에서 DTV 용 컨텐츠의 표현 규격에 대한 보완 및 발전 방향을 숙고하고, 세계적으로도 앞서가는 인터넷 서비스 시장이 DTV를 통해서 안방에서 보다 효율적이고 간편한 방법으로 다양한 계층의 사용자에게로 확대될 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 한다.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.326-333
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• 2011

This study was to develop an issue-centered small-group competing-debate program for the Introduction to Traditional Korean Medicine curriculum in School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University. This debate program has student-, process- and depth-focused characteristics with critical-thinking perspectives. We employed random assignment of the position, submission of the presentation data prior to the debate, and individual result report to assess debate quality and participation of the students. This program was effective educational program for the understanding of traditional Korean medicine-related subjects. 56.7% of the students showed "Yes (>7 out of 10)" to the achievements of the program objectives, and 62.2% reported "much helpful (>7 out of 10)" to the usefulness of this program. We also found that this debate program would be specifically useful for critical reviewing of subjects which students have known superficially. This study will contribute to the development and improvement of efficacious educational curriculum for Korean Medicine by providing practical reference and template with self-directed group debate program.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify factors related to the recurrence of intussusception in pediatric patients. Methods: The medical charts of patients diagnosed with intussusception and treated at Dongsan Medical Center, between March 2015 to June 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 137 patients, 23 patients (16.8%) had a recurrent intussusception and 8 of these patients (6%) had more than 2 episodes of recurrence. The age at diagnosis was significantly different between the non-recurrence and recurrence group (p=0.026), with age >1 year at the time of diagnosis associated with a greater rate of recurrence (p=0.002). The time interval from symptom onset to the initial reduction (<48 vs. ${\geq}48$ hours) was significantly longer in the recurrence group (p=0.034) and patients in the recurrence group had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.024). Bloody stools and a history of infection were significantly more frequent in the non-recurrence group (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). On stepwise regression analysis, age >1 year at the time of presentation (odds ratio [OR], 4.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-14.06; p=0.016) and no history of infection (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.58; p=0.004) were retained as predictors of recurrence. Conclusion: Patients with intussusception who are older than 1 year at diagnosis, have an elevated CRP level, a delay of ${\geq}48$ hours between symptom onset and the initial reduction, an absence of bloody stools, and no history of infection should be closely monitoring for symptoms and signs of a possible recurrence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.267-278
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• 2021

This study differentiated it from previous studies by selecting Chinese lifestyle shops in the current situation where lifestyle shops are rapidly emerging due to the increase in single-person households in China and changes in consumption patterns. The purpose of this study is to present basic data for establishing VMD strategies for domestic lifestyle shops wishing to enter China through the analysis of the characteristics of VMD elements. The results of this study are as follows.The research results are as follows. In the display elements of the VMD of Chinese lifestyle shops-GAROSU, CH'IN, and Nome, the appliances and props used differentiated shapes and materials according to the product concept and design. There seemed to be a difference depending on the concept of the lifestyle shop. Also, there were differences in the form of VP and the presentation method of PP and IP in VP, PP, and IP according to the store product group and the amount of products displayed in the presentation element. In a follow-up study, it is considered meaningful to conduct a study on domestic lifestyle shops and a comparative analysis of VMD between Chinese and domestic lifestyle shops.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy is one of the most serious life-threatening complications of pituitary adenoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual outcome after early transsphenoidal surgery for the patients with pituitary apoplexy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the 31 patients with pituitary apoplexy who were admitted due to acute visual acuity or field impairment and treated by transsphenoidal surgery. Five patients were excluded because of the decreased conscious level. The visual acuity of each individual eye was evaluated by Snellen's chart Visual fields were also checked using automated perimetry. To compare the visual outcome according to the surgical timing, we divided the patients into 2 groups. The first group, 21 of the patients have been undertaken transsphenoidal approach (TSA) within at least 48 hours after admission. The second group included 8 patients who have been undertaken TSA beyond 48 hours. All patients were monitored at least 12 months after surgery. Results : Patients were 21 males and 8 females (M : F=2.6 : 1) with the mean age of 42.4 years. Among the enrolled 29 patients, 26 patients presented with decreased visual acuity and 23 patients revealed the defective visual field respectively. Postoperatively, improvement in the visual acuity was seen in 15 patients (83.3%) who underwent surgery within the first 48 hours of presentation, as compared to those in whom surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours (n=5; 62.5%) (p=0.014). Improvement in the visual field deficits was observed in 15 (88.2%) of patients who had been operated on within the first 48 hours of presentation, as compared to those in whom surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours (n=3; 50.0%) (p=0.037). Conclusion : This study suggests that rapid transsphenoidal surgery is effective to recover the visual impairment in patients with pituitary apoplexy. If there are associated abnormalities of visual acuity or visual fields in patients with hemorrhagic pituitary apoplexy, early neurosurgical intervention within 48 hours should be also required to recover visual impairment.