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Occupational Therapy Intervention for Improving Play of Children : A Systematic Review (아동의 놀이 향상을 위한 작업치료 중재에 관한 체계적 고찰)

  • Lee, Sun-Hee;Park, Hae Yean
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.93-106
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    • 2017
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide an evidence for clinical practice by systemic analysis on occupational therapy interventions for improvement of children's play. Methods : Articles used in this study were collected from database of Pubmed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, RISS, KISS, and National Library of Korea. The key words used in the search were "Play AND Occupational Therapy AND (Intervention OR Treatment)" and the publication period was limited from January 2007 to April 2017. 11 articles in total were selected for the systematic review analysis. Results : The results revealed that the majority of studies was one-group non-randomized study and the majority of intervention used was play-based intervention in case of that play itself was the intervention goal. The most frequently used environment for the intervention was parallel setting of home and treatment room. The majority of studies was for children with ADHD and the most commonly used assessment tool was Test of Playfulness (ToP). Dependent variables measured along with play were language skills, social interactive skills, communication and pragmatic skills, problem-solving skills, caregiver responsiveness, and parent-child interaction. Conclusion : This study help to understand the current state of occupational therapy intervention for improvement of children's play. Starting with the understanding, it is expected that various studies on play of children will be done in the future.

Perception of Good Death and Attitudes toward Death between ER Nurses and Coroners (검시관과 응급실 간호사의 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식과 죽음에 대한 태도)

  • Han, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.16-24
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to describe and compare how emergency room (ER) nurses and coroners perceive good death and their attitudes toward death. Methods: A survey was performed with 51 ER nurses in P city and 44 coroners nationwide. Data were collected from October 1, 2010 through February 28, 2011. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANCOVA, Scheffe's test using the IBM SPSS statistics 21.0 program. Results: For the perception of good death and attitudes toward death, coroners scored higher ($3.01{\pm}0.43$ and $2.87{\pm}0.35$, respectively) than ER nurses group ($2.95{\pm}0.40$ and $2.61{\pm}0.33$, respectively), but the differences were not significant. The results of perception of good death and attitudes toward death were not statistically significant between ER nurses and coroners. Conclusion: The study showed no difference between ER nurses' perception of good death and attitudes toward death and those held by coroners. The findings of the study show that it is necessary to offer steady education on death to nurses and coroners to help them build a proper understanding of good death and grow positive attitudes toward death.

A Study on the Characteristics of the Patients Discharged Against Medical Advice (한 대학병원 자의퇴원 환자의 특성 연구 - 퇴원환자 지료정보 DB를 이용하여 -)

  • Hong, Joonhyun;Choi, Kwisook;Lee, Jeonghwa;Lee, Eunmee
    • Quality Improvement in Health Care
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.208-217
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    • 2001
  • Background : The objective of this study is proving the basic data for developing a management system for the discharges against medical advice(AMA) by identifying the characteristics of the AMA patients of an university hospital for 10 years. Methods : By using discharge abstract data base, we divided the total discharges(435,254) into two groups, discharge against medical advice and discharge with discharge order. We confirmed the characteristics of AMA group by analyzing discharge abstract data of the both groups by SAS software V6.12 and $x^2$ test. Medical records of AMA patients in the year 2000 were reviewed to identify the reasons for AMA which we couldn't extract from discharge abstract DB. Result : The total number of AMA for 10 years were 9,358(2.15%) and the AMA rate has been continuously decreased for 10 years. Male, admission through emergency room, discharges admission via other hospital, patients without operation during hospitalization, discharges in hopeless or not improved condition showed higher AMA rate. The AMA rate was higher as the age of the patients was higher, and the average length of stay was longer in AMA patients than in those with discharge order. The AMA rate in psychiatry was highest(14.3%) and it was higher in surgery departments than those of medical or other sections. The AMA rate varied by attending physicians even in the same department and it was statistically significant. Patients with the principal diagnosis of "medical observation and evaluation for suspected diseases" showed the highest AMA rate(15.5%), and that of schizophrenia or psychosis was the nest. One hundred twenty-one patients(19.5%) out of 622 AMA in 2000 discharged against medical advice for transfer to order health care facilities. Among them 71 patients(58.7%) discharged with their medical care information, such as copies of medical record, medical certificates, summaries, etc. Written oath of the patients discharged AMA was filed in their medical records in 466 cases(74.9%) although some of them were incomplete. Conclusion : Characteristics of AMA discharge could be used as the basic data in developing a system to manage the patients who have risk factors to leave the hospital against medical advice. By reducing number of patients leaving the hospital against medical advice we can increase satisfaction of medical providers and consumers.

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EFFECT OF PRE-HEATING ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE RESIN (중합 전 열처리가 복합레진의 일부 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, Myoung-Uk;Kim, Sung-Kyo
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-heating on some physical properties of composite resin. Eighty extracted, noncarious human molars were used in the present study. Four different temperatures of composite resin were used: $4^{\circ}C$, $17^{\circ}C$, $48^{\circ}C$, and $56^{\circ}C$. The $4^{\circ}C$ and $17^{\circ}C$ values represented the refrigerator storage temperature and room temperature respectively. For $48^{\circ}C$ and $56^{\circ}C$, composite resin was heated to the temperatures. As physical properties of composite resin, shear bond strength, microhardness, and degree of conversion were measured. The data for each group were subjected to one-way ANOVAs followed by the Tukey's HSD test at 95% confidence level. Both in enamel and dentin, among composite resin of $4^{\circ}C$, $17^{\circ}C$ $;48^{\circ}C$, and $56^{\circ}C$, the pre-heated composite resin up to $56^{\circ}C$ revealed the highest shear bond strength, and pre-heated composite resin to the higher temperature revealed higher shear bond strength. Microhardness value was also higher with composite resin of higher temperature. Degree of conversion was also higher with composite resin of the higher temperature. In this study, it seems that pre-heating composite resin up to the higher temperature may show higher shear bond strength, higher microhardness value, and higher degree of conversion. Therefore, when using composite resin in the clinic, preheating the composite resin could be recommended to have enhanced physical properties of it.

A Study on the Application method of Digital Media in Commercial Space - Using Persona-based Scenario Approach - (상업공간 디지털미디어 적용방안에 관한 연구 - 페르소나 기반 사용자 시나리오 기법으로 -)

  • An, Se-Yun;Kim, So-Yeon;Cao, Wen-jia
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2017
  • Interior design especially the design developments for commercial spaces should ensure the economy of spaces. This is the marketing for space. It is necessary to understand the design elements of commercial space for the efficient using of digital media of space marketing. In this research decided to design application schemes for shopping mall by searching fashion shopping behaviors of users with persona-base scenario approach. Collected the information of users behavior base on case analysis of advance research to make personas. And develop scenario base personas for knowing the needs of users. And then made 4 schemes as the solution. Scheme 1. Customers can get the information and communication with the staff through with media screen in one room of shopping mall. The data of customers can be recorded for providing information or product recommendation personality. Forecast to preferred by group trip or customers that don't like walking around in shopping mall. Scheme 2. Install a media screen at entrance of a store in shopping mall and show special effect to raise customers' attention who walk through from the front of the store. Through with this customers will stay for long time and raise curiosity to get in the store. And the media screen also provide information of store and products. Scheme 3. Customers can get the information of products with using smart phone to scan QR cord in labels of products and record. Customers can finish whole shopping behaviors without the help of store staff. And can make buying decision even have left shopping mall as a online mode. Scheme 4. Store managers can record the products and the environment of store with 360 camera and update to website. Then customers can browse the virtual space with VR glasses. That make customers can have the real shopping experience without being in the store. In this study, have presented schemes of digital media in commercial space. But there are various of commercial space. In this study was presented schemes for shopping mall by searching fashion shopping behaviors of users. And look forward the researches about specific space setting and other type of commercial space for space development.

A Study on the Actual Condition of Middle School Space Usage For Future School - Focused on the Reorganization of Student-Oriented School Space - (미래학교 조성을 위한 중학교 공간사용 실태 분석 연구 - 학생중심 공간 재구조화를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Suk
    • The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.26-39
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzed the usage characteristics and requirements of students who are users of the middle school education space, and the following results were obtained: First, we could see that various types of classes were needed, such as lecture-style classes, team projects, and four-person consultation and discussion classes, in a way that helped to improve the desirable teaching patterns and learning ability. Second, the place where space was used during the break and the relationship between peers, revealed that most of them were in the classroom and the hallway, and the peer group was composed of three to eight people or more, that were active with various compositions. Third, a gym, library, toilet, stairway, cafeteria, nurse's office, and teachers' room appeared in the center of the building, indicating the need for a balanced layout. Fourth, physical education (dance) rooms, audiovisual rooms (performance rooms), workshops (personal creation), snack bar, rest area, spacious indoor square, and study rooms were needed as facilities that can help learning activities other than current facilities. These outcomes show that the existing classroom layout and space composition formats require some spatial restructuring.

Study on Skin Permeation of Tocopheryl Acetate Using Swollen Micelle (Swollen Micelle을 이용한 Tocopheryl Acetate 의 피부흡수 연구)

  • Su-Bin Son;Kyung-Sup Yoon
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2023
  • A study was performed to increase skin permeation of tocopheryl acetate, an oil-soluble component among tocopheryl acetate, salicylic acid, and niacinamide, which are the active ingredients of the anti-hair loss toner. As a method of transparently solubilizing tocopheryl acetate while containing salicyl acid and niacinamide, we used a swollen micelle structure that increased the size of the micelle formed by the aggregation of surfactants. The prepared swollen micelle solution contains three kinds of active ingredients, and poloxamer 407 and octyldodeceth-16 were used as surfactants to increase transparent properties and stability. In addition, isostearic acid was used as a co-surfactant to increase the size of micelles. To evaluate the physical properties of the prepared swollen micelles, turbidity at room temperature (25 ℃) was measured. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate the skin permeation rate of tocopheryl acetate among the hair-loss prevention components contained in swollen micelles. After 24 h, tocopheryl acetate showed a 6-fold improvement in skin permeation compared to the control group. Therefore, it can be seen that the swollen micelles developed in this study can be applied to hair-loss prevention products or solubilized formulations of various functional cosmetics.

A Study on the Necessity Verification of Convex Probe Disinfection (Convex Probe 소독 필요성 검증에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Kwan-Yong;Yoo, Se-jong;Lee, Jun-ho;Hong, Sung-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.193-200
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    • 2019
  • The study was conducted surveying ultrasound room workers on hospital infection awareness in Daejeon and Choong-chunng region. The contamination of ultrasonic probes used in clinical trials was measured using ATP, and the results were verified after using 70% alcohol sterilization. It was measured on the group's general characteristics and the specific categories such as academic background, job type, having professional certificate and infection education. After the examination, the gel removal and method, disinfection status of the probe and variable correlation analysis were performed to analyze the recognition of the ultrasonic probe disinfection. After examination in ultrasound room, it was found that towels were used the most for cleaning, and the gel container was not replaced for more than three months. After 70% alcohol disinfection, ATP contamination was reduced from $1055.4{\pm}944.2$ to $133.5{\pm}93.2$ and the result was analyzed to be statistically significant.(${\rho}<0.01$) The found bacteria were CNS, Gram positive bacillus, and Micrococcus specs. In order to solve this problem, 70% alcohol sterilization was applied and the bacteria were not detected after the treatment. The research shows that regular training on infection control and efforts to prevent infection are necessary, and that 70% alcohol is effective in disinfect the bacteria. Therefore, the medical institution should provide active hospital infection control education to improve the awareness of hospital infection among workers and contribute to the prevention of patient infection. It is also understood that proper use of the results of this study will help prevent infection by means of ultrasonic probes.

A Methodology of Customer Churn Prediction based on Two-Dimensional Loyalty Segmentation (이차원 고객충성도 세그먼트 기반의 고객이탈예측 방법론)

  • Kim, Hyung Su;Hong, Seung Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.111-126
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    • 2020
  • Most industries have recently become aware of the importance of customer lifetime value as they are exposed to a competitive environment. As a result, preventing customers from churn is becoming a more important business issue than securing new customers. This is because maintaining churn customers is far more economical than securing new customers, and in fact, the acquisition cost of new customers is known to be five to six times higher than the maintenance cost of churn customers. Also, Companies that effectively prevent customer churn and improve customer retention rates are known to have a positive effect on not only increasing the company's profitability but also improving its brand image by improving customer satisfaction. Predicting customer churn, which had been conducted as a sub-research area for CRM, has recently become more important as a big data-based performance marketing theme due to the development of business machine learning technology. Until now, research on customer churn prediction has been carried out actively in such sectors as the mobile telecommunication industry, the financial industry, the distribution industry, and the game industry, which are highly competitive and urgent to manage churn. In addition, These churn prediction studies were focused on improving the performance of the churn prediction model itself, such as simply comparing the performance of various models, exploring features that are effective in forecasting departures, or developing new ensemble techniques, and were limited in terms of practical utilization because most studies considered the entire customer group as a group and developed a predictive model. As such, the main purpose of the existing related research was to improve the performance of the predictive model itself, and there was a relatively lack of research to improve the overall customer churn prediction process. In fact, customers in the business have different behavior characteristics due to heterogeneous transaction patterns, and the resulting churn rate is different, so it is unreasonable to assume the entire customer as a single customer group. Therefore, it is desirable to segment customers according to customer classification criteria, such as loyalty, and to operate an appropriate churn prediction model individually, in order to carry out effective customer churn predictions in heterogeneous industries. Of course, in some studies, there are studies in which customers are subdivided using clustering techniques and applied a churn prediction model for individual customer groups. Although this process of predicting churn can produce better predictions than a single predict model for the entire customer population, there is still room for improvement in that clustering is a mechanical, exploratory grouping technique that calculates distances based on inputs and does not reflect the strategic intent of an entity such as loyalties. This study proposes a segment-based customer departure prediction process (CCP/2DL: Customer Churn Prediction based on Two-Dimensional Loyalty segmentation) based on two-dimensional customer loyalty, assuming that successful customer churn management can be better done through improvements in the overall process than through the performance of the model itself. CCP/2DL is a series of churn prediction processes that segment two-way, quantitative and qualitative loyalty-based customer, conduct secondary grouping of customer segments according to churn patterns, and then independently apply heterogeneous churn prediction models for each churn pattern group. Performance comparisons were performed with the most commonly applied the General churn prediction process and the Clustering-based churn prediction process to assess the relative excellence of the proposed churn prediction process. The General churn prediction process used in this study refers to the process of predicting a single group of customers simply intended to be predicted as a machine learning model, using the most commonly used churn predicting method. And the Clustering-based churn prediction process is a method of first using clustering techniques to segment customers and implement a churn prediction model for each individual group. In cooperation with a global NGO, the proposed CCP/2DL performance showed better performance than other methodologies for predicting churn. This churn prediction process is not only effective in predicting churn, but can also be a strategic basis for obtaining a variety of customer observations and carrying out other related performance marketing activities.

Evaluation of Set-up Accuracy for Frame-based and Frameless Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (폐암 정위체부방사선치료 시 고정기구(frame) 사용 유무에 따른 셋업 정확성 평가)

  • Ji, Yunseo;Chang, Kyung Hwan;Cho, Byungchul;Kwak, Jungwon;Song, Si Yeol;Choi, Eun Kyung;Lee, Sang-wook
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.286-293
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the set up accuracy using stereotactic body frame and frameless immobilizer for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). For total 40 lung cancer patients treated by SBRT, 20 patients using stereotactic body frame and other 20 patients using frameless immobilizer were separately enrolled in each group. The setup errors of each group depending on the immobilization methods were compared and analyzed. All patients received the dose of 48~60 Gy for 4 or 5 fractions. Before each treatment, a patient was first localized to the treatment isocenter using room lasers, and further aligned with a series of image guidance procedures; orthogonal kV radiographs, cone-beam CT, orthogonal fluoroscopy. The couch shifts during these procedures were recorded and analyzed for systematic and random errors of each group. Student t-test was performed to evaluate significant difference depending on the immobilization methods. The setup reproducibility was further analyzed using F-test with the random errors excluding the systematic setup errors. In addition, the ITV-PTV margin for each group was calculated. The setup errors for SBF were $0.05{\pm}0.25cm$ in vertical direction, $0.20{\pm}0.38cm$ in longitudinal direction, and $0.02{\pm}0.30cm$ in lateral direction, respectively. However the setup errors for frameless immobilizer showed a significant increase of $-0.24{\pm}0.25cm$ in vertical direction while similar results of $0.06{\pm}0.34cm$, $-0.02{\pm}0.25cm$ in longitudinal and lateral directions. ITV-PTV margins for SBF were 0.67 cm (vertical), 0.99 cm (longitudinal), and 0.83 cm (lateral), respectively. On the other hand, ITV-PTV margins for Frameless immobilizer were 0.75 cm (vertical), 0.96 cm (longitudinal), and 0.72 cm (lateral), indicating less than 1 mm difference for all directions. In conclusion, stereotactic body frame improves reproducibility of patient setup, resulted in 0.1~0.2 cm in both vertical and longitudinal directions. However the improvements are not substantial in clinic considering the effort and time consumption required for SBF setup.