• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 다중 클래스 아다부스트 기반의 분류기를 이용하여 엘리베이터 내 군집 밀도를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. SOM을 사용하는 기존의 방법은 재현성이 떨어지며 충분한 성능을 내지 못한다. 제안한 방법은 GLDM(Grey-Level Dependency Matrix)과 GGDM(Grey-Gradient Dependency Matrix)의 텍스처 특징과 다중 클래스 아다부스트 기반의 분류기를 통해 실내 군집 밀도를 추정한다. 다중 클래스를 분류하기 위해 기존의 아다부스트 알고리즘에서 웨이트 업데이트 식을 변형하여 더 높은 성능의 약한 분류기를 생성하도록 하였다. 군집 밀도는 인원수에 따라 0명, 1~2명, 3~4명, 5명 이상 등 네 가지 클래스로 구분하였다. 엘리베이터 내 영상을 이용한 모의 실험 결과 제안된 방법은 기존의 방법보다 약 20% 정도의 검출률 향상을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1996

A PIV system consisting of an image board slit into personal computer and 2-D sheet light projector is developed and related techniques to improve its performance are discussed. A grey-level cross correlation method capable of overcoming particle seeding limitation is suggested. And a sub-pixed interpolation method in determining the vector terminal is preposed by considering 8-neighbours correlation distributing patterns. Furthermore, pressure estimation from the acquired velocity vectors by applying the Poisson equation is persented with reasonable feasibility. As a practical application of the present system, evaporator flows are analysed and attained instantaneous velocity vectors reveal that the flow phenomena maintain turbulent fluctuation.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

Characteristics of flows at T-junction duct with and without orifices are investigated in this paper. Experiments and PIV visualization were carried out for several flow rates. Two-dimensional PIV experimental apparatus was decided by numerical analysis. PIV visualization was also coded to visualize flow fields at junctions for two-dimensional case. For the PIV visualization system, Grey-Level Cross-Correlation particle tracking algorithm was used to calculate the flow fields. Vinyl chloride polymer particles of $100{\sim}150{\mu}m$ of diameter are used in this visualization. The PIV visualization results showed relatively good agreement with Experimental data.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.758-761
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• 2003

금석문의 영상데이터를 디지털 형태로 검출하고, 영상신호처리 알고리즘을 사용하여 신호의 특성을 분석하고 그 결과를 제시하였다. 대상체는 비석에 음각된 문자로 하였다. 대전 주변의 백제권에서 몇몇 유형의 음각 문자를 형태별로 분류하여 디지털 이미지화한 다음, 문자가 각인된 정보영역과 바탕영역의 신호패턴을 추출하였다. 먼저 칼라 이미지를 grey tone으로 변환한 후, 전처리 과정을 거쳐 이미지의 노이즈나 불명확성을 제거하고 히스토그램 전 영역에 걸쳐 스케일 확장시켰다. 문자가 각인된 정보영역과 바탕영역을 구분하여 무작위로 소이미지 샘플을 취득하고 각 소이미지의 신호패턴을 분석하였다. 그 결과를 중첩의 원리를 이용하여 합성한 후 영역별 신호분석 패턴을 정형화하였다. 유형별로 다소 차이를 보이나 두 영역의 이미지 분석 결과는 차별성을 보였다. 문자 영역은 grey level 범위가 좁고 한정되며 일관성을 보이는데 비해, 바탕영역은 범위가 넓고 광범위하였다. 두 영역의 교차 레벨 범위는 극히 제한적이었으며 패턴 분리에 큰 영향을 끼치지 못하였음이 밝혀졌다. 이 일련의 과정은 알고리즘화되어, 1-2분 정도의 사전 작업만 하면 프로그램에 의해 문자를 추출할 수 있다. 이러한 사실들은 종래 무리한 탁본 작업에만 전적으로 의존하던 금석학 분야의 디지털화를 가능케 할 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

본 논문은 그레이레벨히스토그램을 이용한 움직임 영역검출, 퍼지 클러스터링을 이용한 칼라 분할, 그레이 레벨 동시발생 행렬을 이용한 특징 추출 및 서포터 벡터 머신을 이용한 화재 분류 등과 같은 다중 이종 알고리즘을 포함하고 있는 효과적인 화재 감지 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 움직임 영역을 검출하기 위해그레이레벨히스토그램에 기초한 최적의 임계값을 결정하고 난 후, CIE LAB 칼라 공간에서 퍼지 클러스터링을 적용하여 칼라 분할을 수행한다. 이러한 두 단계는 화재의 후보 영역을 기술하는데 도움이 된다. 다음으로 그레이 레벨 동시발생 행렬을 이용하여 화재의 특징을 추출하고, 이러한 특징들은 화재인지 아닌지를 분류하기 위해 서포터 벡터 머신의 입력으로 사용된다. 제안한 방법을 평가하기위해 기존의 두 알고리즘과 화재 검출율 및 오류 화재 검출율에서 비교하였다. 모의실험결과, 제안한 방법은 97.94%의 화재 검출율 및 4.63%의 오류 화재 검출율을 보임으로써 기존의 화재 감지 알고리즘보다 우수성을 보였다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1996

Chromatin texture, which partly reflects nuclear organization, is evolving as an important parameter indicating cell activation or transformation. In this study, chromatin pattern was evaluated by image analysis of the electron micrographs of follicular and papillary carcinoma cells of the thyroid gland and tested for discrimination of the two neoplasms. Digital grey images were converted from the electron micrographs, nuclear images, excluding nucleolus and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, were obtained by segmentation; grey levels were standardized; and grey level histograms were generated. The histograms in follicular carcinoma showed Gaussian or near-Gaussian distribution and had a single peak, whereas those in papillary carcinoma had two peaks(bimodal), one at the black zone and the other at the white zone. In papillary carcinoma, the peak in the black zone represented an increased amount of heterochromatin particles and that at the white zone represented decreased electron density of euchromatin or nuclear matrix. These results indicate that the nuclei of follicular and papillary carcinoma cells differ in their chromatin pattern and the difference may be due to decondensed chromatin and/or matrix substances.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

The COVID 19 pandemic has led to a new global recession and is still causing a lot of issues because of the delays in the employment of people. This scenario has severe consequences for many countries' labor markets in the world. This problem's complexity and importance requires an integrated method of subjective and objective evaluation rather than intuitive decisions. This research aims to investigate sustainable indexes for assessing the unemployment problem by using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model (MCDM). Grey theory and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (GDEMATEL) are deployed to transform the experts' opinions into quantitative data. The analysis based on 20 crucial criteria is employed to determine the weights of sustainability of unemployment problems. The results revealed that the top ten of determinants are Economic growth, Industrialization, Foreign direct investment, Real GDP per capita, Education level, Trade Openness, Capacity Utilization Rate, Urbanization, Employability skills, Education system expansion, which have the most significant effects on the unemployment rate under COVID 19 impacts. Furthermore, GDEMATEL could effectively assess the sustainable indicators for unemployment problems in "deep and wide" aspects. The study proposes the Grey MCDM model, contributes to the literature, provides future research directions, and helps policymakers and researchers achieve the best solutions to the unemployment problems under "economic shocks."

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

This study examines the influence of women's appearance decoration on professional image, preference evaluation, and inferences about age and job. For the purpose of this study, women's appearance decoration was limited to eyeglasses, earrings, hair length, and clothing color. A quasi-experimental method was used for this study. The experimental design was a $3{\times}2{\times}2{\times}4$ (eyeglasses${\times}$earrings${\times}$hair length${\times}$clothing color) factorial design. The model of stimulus photographs was a woman in her late twenties. She wore a tailored collared jacket with a white dress shirt. The subjects were 362 female college students residing in Seoul. The results of the research were as follows. First, the woman wearing glasses and earrings was perceived as more professional than the woman without glasses and earrings. The woman with short hair was evaluated to be more professional than the woman with long hair. Light grey and dark grey jackets enhanced a professional image in the woman than red and dark red jackets. The woman without glasses was preferred more than the woman wearing glasses, and the woman wearing earrings was preferred more than the woman without earrings. Second, the woman wearing wire-rimmed glasses, earrings, and grey jacket with short hair was perceived to have the highest level of professionalism. Third, the subjects perceived the woman wearing wire-rimmed glasses as looking the oldest and the woman without glasses as looking young. The subjects perceived the woman with short hair as looking younger by 3 to 4 years than the woman with long hair. Fourth, the subjects frequently considered the woman wearing the wire-rimmed glasses, the woman with short hair, and the woman wearing the grey jacket as having a professional job.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1921-1929
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• 2015

The smart substation is the heart of a transmission system, which is particularly emphasized as the most significant composition of smart grids in China. In order to assess the functionality performance of substation technologies, this paper presents methods used to identify the most promising solutions for smart substation design and to evaluate the technical levels of available technologies. The multi-index optimization model is presented to address the issue of smart substation planning. A mathematical model of the planning decision problem is established with multiple objectives consisting of economic, reliability, and green key indices, and many kinds of concerns including physical and environmentally friendly operations are formulated as a set of constraints. With respect to the assessment of the technical level regarding integration of advanced technologies into a substation, a modified grey whitenization weight function is adopted to structure a novel grey clustering method. The proposed grey clustering approach is used to overcome the difficulty of insufficient quantitative assessment capacity for traditional methods. The evaluation of technical effects provides the classification definition for the development phase and the maturity level of the smart substation. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches in planning decision-making and evaluation of construction efforts is demonstrated with case studies involving the actual smart substation projects of Wenchongkou substation in China Southern Power Grid (CSG) and Mengzi substation in State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC).

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1177-1186
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• 2000

The Study was consist of clothing shape(H-line, A-line, V-line, X-line, O-line) and color(Blace, Grey1, Grey2, White). The main purpose of this study is to analyze image differences due to shape variation, image differences due to observers characteristic differences. The main findings can be summarized as follow. First, image differences due to shape variation are statistically significant ar five factors - the maturity level, the degree of softness, attractiveness, the degree of recognition, and the activity. But the degree of recognition is found out to be the least significant factor. H-line is estimated the mature image, A·X-line is estimated young, feminine and active image. Second, image differences by observers characteristics are various depending on the shape of clothing.