• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2005

This study is carried out for obtaining the basic materials for presentation of creation and desirable management of urban roadside trees through analyse the existence effect of trees on people who operate th commercial areas along the streets. Roadside tree and green areas are recognized comfort space in addition to simple planting area. Therefore various trees and flowering plants should be introduced in addition to roadside facilities for convenience. Planted roadside trees should be maintained. We will propose an method that residents plant and manage the trees and flowering plants on the two lane of one way road. However main lines more than four lane of one way have more public property beside the residents space. Therefore these should be maintained mainly by related government agencies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to establish the more rational and practical basic theory for the landscape planning in the aparment complex. In this study, the actual conditions of exterior space, the residens' satisfaction degree and the correlation between exterior space and the residents' satisfaction defree were investigated and analyzed on the 13apartment complexes in Taegu City. Through the statistical analysis, the main results were obtained as fellows : It was found that the size of green area ratio in the apartment complexes were in the order of Jugong Apt. (Korean Housing Corporation), Siyoung Apt. (City Operation), Minyoung high-rise Apt. (Private Business) and Minyoung low-rise Apt. (Private Business) complex. The highest ratio of footway and Parking area were shown in Minyoung high-rise Apt. complex. The important factors at the exterior space of apartment complex were composed by 6 major factors, importance degrees of which are Visual, Practical, Convenient, Sentimental, Recreational and Spatial factors for teenagers in orders. The residents' satisfaction degrees to the exterior space were highly correlated with the spatil organization, size of green area and quantity of trees, view, management situation, defensibility of outside noise, rest place, water landscapings by turns. In order to get more than the average satisfaction degree 18 exterior space, the green area should be occupied by 35% of the apartment complex area and more than 76% of the green area (i. e. 16% of the apartment complex area) should be planted with trees. In the Taegu City regulation, the ratio of tree composition is proposed for only the number of tree. But it was shown that the satifaction degree are more correlated with the species and afforestation of trees than the nuts her of trees in this study. therefore, the species of tree and the afforestation of tree should be considered when the landscape planning of the apartment complex begins. It was found that the ratio of afforestation to make the more desirable exterior space In the apartment complex shoule be 8 to 2 in the ratio of arbor to shrub. It was also required that 30 species of arbor and 15 species of shrub should be planted for the more desirable landscape of the apartment complex.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2014

In this study, the analysis carried out on characteristic of planting species and planting density of parks and green spaces in downtown city of Haengjeong-dong in Wonju, Gangwon Province. We found that 8,050 coniferous trees (19 species), 6,037 deciduous trees (61 species) and 77,609 shrubs 103 species were planted in the parks and green space in Haengjeong-dong. However, a conifer Pinus strobus is highly concentrated in all four kinds of places which are neighborhood park, children's park, green buffer zone and landscape green space regardless of their period of construction and usage of surrounding land and other trees were planted in order of Pinus koraiensis, Prunus yedoensis, Acer palmatum, Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora. Average planting density of parks and green spaces is $0.03tree/m^2$ for a tall tree and $0.18tree/m^2$ for a shrub, which shows low planting density in most parks and green spaces of Wonju. Also, understory vegetation was not planted enough. Since area of lawn is wide in green spaces, planting density is needed to be increased and tall trees should be planted more. Therefore, we suggest planting more trees in an area where trees are not planted, multi-layered vegetation and increasing in planting density through shrub planting etc., by identifying spaces for trees to be planted within parks and green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the minimum distance needed between landscape trees and apartment buildings. in order for the trees to grow soundly and maintain constant growth. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the present conditions of the green-spaces contiguous to apartment buildings and the trees inside the apartment complex. The following general problems were identified : (1) the tree growth conditions, (2) the planting intervals, and (3) the planting methods in the apartment complexes. The method of this study was to survey areas, measure the trees and analyze the results. Ten apartment complexes located in Seoul were randomly selected for this study. To analyze the greens contiguous to the building of each apartment complex, the greens were divided into three types, including the front greens, the side greens, and the rear greens. The study surveyed the width of all contiguous greens and the distance from trees to my given building. Four representative sites were specifically investigated to measure the crown widths, heights, and diameters of the trees. These investigations were carried out over 3 months from August to December 2006. According to the results of the study, it was found that the greens are narrower in width and the more closer to a building. The study identified a correlation between the tree and the passage of time after the completion of construction of an apartment complex, showing that the malformation of the trees worsened as time passed. As a result of measuring the right crown and left crown width with the tree trunk as the center, a broad difference was found between coniform trees and trees that tend to branch out more. For example, the ratio of the width of the Acer palmatum is 1:6. However, the ratio of the Metasequoia glyptostroboide is 1:1.7. Based on the overall analysis, it was concluded that the maintained minimum width must be greater than one meter over the green space according to the 'Landscape Standard 2000'. However, that is only applicable to cases such as apartment buildings that present no obstacles. In conclusion having greens placed within one meter of width to a building is not an appropriate environment for the healthy growth of trees. To create sound green spaces, sustainable, long-term growth rate and size should be considered. It is necessary to prepare new standards for the computation of planting trees and the measurement of square landscapes. Wall greenery and shrubberies could be an alternative in the case of a narrow-width green space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting temperature of urban parks to grasp the relationship between the land coverage in open space as well as the forest condition and decreasing city temperature by difference of purposed are. Futhermore, this research interpreted the relationship between wind direction, air temperature, the land coverage of the green space, the number of tree, green volume, height of tree and the mitigation of city temperature with the revolution analysis. The result of this study is that cool air in open space move leeward and decreasing city temperature is influenced by the difference of the land coverage in open space. Specifically, in order of the arbo $r_{-a}$rbor in the forest zone, the increase of the number of trees was related with temperature surrounding significantly. This study found that the use possibility of the green volume was recognized as the index of the green volume relative to air temperature surrounding. Green space of the city control area is more effective decreasing temperature than that of housing zone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare and apply quantitative indices for analyzing the total green space in an urban area, targeting Guro-Gu, Seoul. The indices were classified in terms of plane, solid and urban planning. The park area per person as an index of the park green's total volume was $2.34m^2$. This clearly shows the deficiency of park area. However, it did not reflect actual green space, since undesignated forests, rivers and green spaces in the city were excluded. Green coverage area per person in terms of plane was $18.85m^2$ and was useful as an index of actual urban planting, focusing on expansion of the green space. However, the conception of total volume of park green had limitation to be recognized as a unit of area. The number of trees and green area volume per person in terms of solid was 4.1 trees and $35.8m^2$, respectively. This enabled reflection on qualitative improvement plans such as increasing the volume of trees for the high density of developed areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

This study analyzes the recognition of commercial business men and employers who operate the commercial zone along the streets in the downtown area on the planting for the roadside green space forming the important frame of greening in the downtown among the open spaces. Through the analysis, this study attempts to get the basic data to suggest the recommendable directions in planting and managing the street trees in the downtown. The results of this study are summarized as described below. The street green spaces are very important in improving the environment of the downtown and their necessities are also very critical. It was found that the street trees were recognized as the critical factor to enhance the aesthetical values of the city, provide the green shades and purify the air. This study also identified that the street trees have the positive impacts on the business environment rather than negative impacts. In maintaining the street green spaces, the most necessity is the service facility such as resting areas, toilets and garbage bins with the street trees. The commercial business men and employers who operate the businesses along the streets preferred the double layer type that the tall trees and green walls are planted together along the streets for the street planting. For securing the green shades in the city, the planting of linear green spaces such as streets and waterways is critical. Moreover, the street trees accounts for the important position in the urban open spaces. The majority of commercial business men and employers consider the participation of citizens for greening as the very essential factor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.961-970
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• 2009

This paper has attempted to improve the quality of urban environment in terms of the management of urban green tract and suggest a way of coexistence between human and nature by proposing a plan to establish green network using an urban green zone based on 'linear concept' instead of point and plane concepts. The results have turned out as follows: 1. According to current status of forest functions, forest recreation area has reached 39.6%, satisfying citizens' needs. However, the space for living environment is just about 20% with a lack of a green zone. Therefore, it's been necessary to establish green network using roadside trees and take advantage of them as sustainable living space along with existing green tract. 2. With forest in the suburbs and Geumhogang which is the tributary to the Nakdonggang, Sincheon (stream) flows through the downtown. It connects mountains including Waryongsan from the south to the north around Duryu Park and Dalseong Park. Therefore, the water system that passes through Palgongsan (Mt.) and Biseulsan (Mt.) would make it possible to connect with the parks in the downtown. 3. According to this paper, it appears that it's necessary to establish green network through roof or wall greening by focusing on the existing green tract in the urban parks and suburbs and taking advantage of roadside trees and water system.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

There are many existing trees are to be damaged by reconstruction of large housing estates. The purpose of this study was to find out sustainable conversion methods of Greenbank system by UR Agency. Greenbank system is divided 3 parts as Preserving, Replanting, Recycling of Existing trees. Literature and institutional review and site survey of 5 reconstruction housing estate were the methods for the following findings. The results are follows. Firstly, Because of feasibility of reconstruction, existing trees are preserving at boundary space of reconstruction housing estates. Secondly, existing trees are preserving at inner space for remember of resettlement as symbolic trees. It is conformed by residents participation with UR Agency and city official. Thirdly, Preserving and replanting trees are recorded signboard in the reconstruction housing estates, and preserving of trees are developed as Green workshop by residents. Fourthly, Besides Preserving and Replanting trees, the other trees are recycling as bench, play equipment, planter, etc. And it is remained symbol of reconstruction housing estates. Fifthly, District planning as a institutional, Guidelines as a noninstitutional method are very efficiently for preserving trees. But a part of this study can be adapt reconstruction housing estates in Korea. The results of this study are expected to serve some clue for dealing with the practice of sustainable conversion in housing estates.