• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2020

Recently, ESG bond issuance has been gradually spreading to banks and non-financial private companies in Korea. However, the Korean ESG bond market is still in its infancy in terms of size, diversity and investor base compared to the global ESG bond market. In other words, ESG bonds are rapidly forming in the global market, but are still in the formation stage in the domestic market, and various policy and practical measures such as system, incentives, and infrastructure are needed to activate them. In this paper, we examine the domestic and international status of ESG bonds in relation to responsible investment. In addition, this paper explores specific measures to revitalize the domestic ESG bond market in four aspects: establishing ESG bond standards, procedures and regulations, increasing ESG bond investment demand, increasing ESG bond issuance, building market infrastructure and market efforts. This study is expected to contribute to the development of the domestic ESG bond market and responsible investment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.500-504
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• 2013

In this paper, in addition to introducing efficient method for bromohydrin and bromoether preparation, simple, green and efficient method to C-N bond formation from alkene and N,N'-Dibromo-N,N'-1,2-ethanediyl-bis(p-toluenesulfonamide) [BNBTS] in water was investigated. The reaction between alkenes, ${\beta}$-cyclodexterin, and BNBTS took place in water afterward, by making media basic; it will give the corresponding valuable building blocks in good yields (45-79%).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.577-586
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• 2020

The paper seeks to explore the role of green finance in achieving sustainable development goals through the case of China, and address some issues of sustainable finance and environmental, social and governance concerns of green finance by introducing the episodes of green finance in China. This paper aims to provide some viewpoints about the following questions: 1) What are the latest trends in green finance? 2) What are the main challenges to the development of green finance? 3) What are policy recommendations for the development of green finance? 4) What are the roles of both the public and private sectors in promoting green finance? This paper identifies the mainstream to sustainable bonds, diversification of green finance, transition of corporates' business models, transparency and disclosure, and harmonizing taxonomy and measurement of green finance for the emerging trends of green finance. As the results, this paper recommends some policy measures for the private sector such as greening the banking system, greening the bond market, and greening institutional investors. This paper also suggests some policy initiatives for the public sector such as developing policies and capacity, promoting market transparency and governance, and promoting private-public partnership for diversifying resources of green finance.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

Environmental regulations are becoming more stringent in response to climate change, especially concerning marine pollution caused by ship emissions. Large ships are adjusting by integrating technologies to reduce pollutant emissions and transitioning to eco-friendly fuels such as low-sulfur oil and LNG. However, small ships face space constraints for installing LNG propulsion systems and the risk of power depletion with pure electric propulsion. Consequently, there's growing interest in researching hybrid propulsion methods that combine electricity and diesel for smaller vessels. Hybrid propulsion systems utilize diverse energy sources, requiring an effective method for evaluating their efficiency. This study proposes employing Bond graph modeling to comprehensively analyze energy dynamics within hybrid propulsion systems, facilitating better understanding and optimization of their efficiency. Modeling of the ship's energy system using Bond graphs will be able to provide a framework for integrating various energy sources and evaluating their effects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 1993

A self-consistent-field Green's matrix method for the calculation of electronic properties of chemisorbed system is devised and applied to the methanol on copper(110) surface. The method is based on CNDO Hartree-Fock approximation. Contour integration in the complex energy plane is used for an efficient calculation of the charge-density bond-order matrix. The information on each fragment prior to chemisorption is efficiently used and a small number of iterations are needed to reach the self-consistency. The changes of density of states and other quantities of methanol due to chemisorption are consistent with reported experimental results.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods: Ninety enamel surfaces of maxillary incisors were randomly divided into 9 groups as follows: G1: control (no bleaching); G2: bleaching; G3: bleaching and storage for seven days; G4 - 6: bleaching and application of 600, 800 and 1,000 ${\mu}mol$ of EGCG-containing solution for 10 minutes, respectively; G7 - 9: bleaching and application of 600, 800 and 1,000 ${\mu}mol$ of EGCG-containing solution for 20 minutes, respectively. The specimens were bleached with 30% hydrogen peroxide gel and a composite resin cylinder was bonded on each specimen using a bonding agent. Shear bond strength of the samples were measured in MPa. Data was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: The maximum and minimum mean shear bond strength values were observed in G1 and G2, respectively. Time and concentration of EGCG showed no significant effects on bond strength of the groups (p > 0.05). Multiple comparison of groups did not reveal any significant differences between the groups except for G2 and all the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant decrease in bond strength of composite resin to enamel immediately after bleaching. A delay of one week before bonding and the use of EGCG increased bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.70
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

The magnetic polishing is the useful method to finish using magnetic power of magnet. This method is one of precision polishing techniques and has an aim of the clean technology using for the pure of gas and inside of the clean pipe for transportation. The magnetic abrasive polishing method is not so common for machine that it is not spreaded widely. There are rarely researcher in this field because of non-effectiveness of magnetic abrasive. Therefore, in this paper deals with development of the magnetic abrasive using worthless mineral. In this development, abrasive grain WA and GC used to resin bond fabricated low temperature. And magnetic material was fabricated from the worthless mineral which were closed into 200 mesh grit type. The XRD analysis result show that only WA and GC abrasive and worthless mineral crystal peaks detected which explains resin bond was not any more chemical reaction. From SEM analysis it is found that WA and GC abrasive and worthless mineral were strong bonding with each other by bond.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.681-688
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• 2005

The Green Wall is the highest eco-system among a segmental retaining wall systems. Recently, the demand of high segmental retaining wall (SRW) is increased in domestic. The soil nailing system is applied in order to maintain the high SRW stability for steeper slope. However, the proper design approach that can consider the earth pressure reduction effects in soil nailing system has not been proposed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to provide the design and analysis technique of the segmental retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing. Also, in this study, various parametric studies using numerical method as shear strength reduction (SSR) technique were carried out. In the parametric study, the length ratio and the bond ratio of the soil nailing were changed to identify the earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.723-732
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• 2021

On September 25, 2015, 193 countries of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, signed the 2030 Agenda to work towards attaining 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its associated 169 targets and 232 indicators. With one of the largest renewable energy programs, India is well-poised to be a role model for low-carbon transformation to other Asian countries. However, bridging the financing gap is critical to ensure that the country meets its SDG targets. Though the SDGs identified by the UN are broad-based and interdependent, for ease of analysis we have grouped them into five themes - people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership - based on existing UN models. This paper investigates the financing gap for 'green' projects linked to planet-related SDG targets in India. It builds an argument for utilizing green bonds as an instrument to bridge the gap. After establishing the potential of green bonds in raising the finance to meet India's planet-related SDG targets, we look at the current policy landscape and suggest recommendations for successful execution. The paper concludes that deepening of the corporate fixed income securities market and firming up guidelines in line with India's climate action plans are inevitable before green bonds can be considered a viable financing option.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 1994

By treating mer, trans-Re(${\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)_2Cl_3$, Ⅰ, with 5 atm of CO at room temperature for 52 h, fac-Re(${\equiv}NC_6H_5)(CO)(PPh_3)Cl_3$, Ⅱ, was obtained as dark green precipitates in 81% yield. The crystal structure of Ⅱ was determined through X-ray diffraction. Ⅱ crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group $P2_1/n$ with cell parameters a=9.740 (2) ${\AA}$, b=16.210 (5) ${\AA}$, c=16.192 (6) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}$=97.50 $(2)^{\circ}$, and Z=4. Least-squares refinement of the structure led to a R$(R_w)$ factor of 0.030 (0.036) for 2878 unique reflections of I>3${\sigma}(I)$ and for 241 variables. In comparison to the starting material Ⅰ, the bond distance of Re-N became longer from 1.726 (6) to 1.736 (5) ${\AA}$ and the bond angle of Re-N-C(Ph) became smaller from 172.6 (6) to 167.0 $(2)^{\circ}$, indicating that the Re-N bond in Ⅱ is weakened and has a less triple-bond character than that in Ⅰ.