• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2021

Burn severity analysis using satellite imagery has high capabilities for research and management in inaccessible areas. We extracted the forest fire area of the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in the western Imjin Estuary which is restricted to access due to the confrontation between South and North Korea. Then we analyzed the forest fire severity and recoverability using atmospheric corrected Surface Reflectance Level-2 data collected from Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imagery) / TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor). Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), differenced NBR (dNBR), and Relative dNBR (RdNBR) were analyzed based on changes in the spectral pattern of satellite images to estimate burn severity area and intensity. Also, we evaluated the recoverability after a forest fire using a land cover map which is constructed from the NBR, dNBR, and RdNBR analyzed results. The results of dNBR and RdNBR analysis for the six years (during May 30, 2014 - May 30, 2020) showed that the intensity of monthly burn severity was affected by seasonal changes after the outbreak and the intensity of annual burn severity gradually decreased after the fire events. The regrowth of vegetation was detected in most of the affected areas for three years (until May 2020) after the forest fire reoccurred in May 2017. The monthly recoverability (from April 2014 to December 2015) of forests and grass fields was increased and decreased per month depending on the vegetation growth rate of each season. In the case of annual recoverability, the growth of forest and grass field was reset caused by the recurrence of a forest fire in 2017, then gradually recovered with grass fields from 2017 to 2020. We confirmed that remote sensing was effectively applied to research of the burn severity and recoverability in the DMZ. This study would also provide implications for the management and construction statistics database of the forest fire in the DMZ.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2006년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.238-243
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• 2006

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2007

본 연구는 숲 가꾸기 실행지와 미실행지의 임분 특성이 산불에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 조사지역은 강원도 양양군, 인제군 그리고 경기도 가평군 등 3개 군에서 14개소를 선정하였으며, 이중 숲 가꾸기 실행지 9개소, 미실행지의 5개소에 대한 현장조사를 실시하였다. 현장조사를 통해 임목의 수고, 흉고직경, 지하고, 죽은 가지 고사율, 임목밀도, 울폐도, 관목층 및 초본층 피도를 조사하였으며 이 자료를 통해 숲 가꾸기 실행 및 미실행지의 임내특성분석을 실시하였다. 또한 임내특성 분석으로부터 산불발생 및 확산 위험성과의 관계를 분석하였다. 숲 가꾸기 실행지역과 미실행지역의 임분 특성조사 결과 숲 가꾸기 실행지역이 미실행지역에 비해 상대적으로 평균 지하고는 높았고, 임목본수는 적었으며, 죽은 가지 고사율은 적었고, 초본층 피도는 높게 나타나고 있어 숲 가꾸기 실행지역의 산불위험도는 미실행지역보다 낮아질 것으로 판단되었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

In the present study, a forest fire spread was simulated with a three-dimensional, fully-transient, physics-based, computer simulation program. Physics-based fire simulation is based on the governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion and heat transfer. The focus of the present study is to perform parametric study to simulate fire spread through flat and inclined wildland with vegetative fuels like trees or grass. The fire simulation was performed in the range of the wind speeds and degrees of inclination. From the results, the effect of the various parameters of the forest fire on the fire spread behavior was analyzed for the future use of the simulation in the prediction of fire behavior in the complex terrain.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.609-617
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate ecological indicators of forest degradation after forest fire and clear-cutting in the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) stand of Mongolia. The species abundance and biodiversity indices were higher in burned and clear-cut stands than those of reference stand, but boreal understory species, such as Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pyrola incarnata, Linnea borealis and Maianthemum bifolium, completely disappeared and was replaced by sedge species, such as Carex duriuscula, C. lanceolata, C. pediformis, Poa attenuata and P. pratensis. During the research period, temperature increased by an average of $1.6^{\circ}C$ in burned stand and $1.7^{\circ}C$ in clear-cut stand compared to reference stand, but RH sharply decreased up to 15.7% in clear-cut stand. This result indicates that Larix sibirica stand became warmer and drier after forest fire and clear-cutting, and contributed to the abundance of sedge and grass species in the understory. Moreover, intense occupation of tall sedge grass after forest fire and clear-cutting had a vital role as obstacle on natural regeneration of Larix sibirica. The similarity of species composition between reference and burned stands was higher (73.6%) than between reference and clear-cut stands (63.8%). Soil moisture significantly decreased after forest fire and clear-cutting, and the extent of decrease was more severe in the clear-cut stand. The chemical properties at soil organic layer were significantly affected by forest fire and clear-cutting but not the mineral horizons. Inorganic nitrogen of the forest floor significantly decreased in the clear-cut stand ($1.1{\pm}0.4mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) than that of the burned ($4.5{\pm}2.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) and reference stands ($5.0{\pm}2.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). Available P of the forest floor significantly increased after fire, whereas it decreased after clear-cutting. These results indicate that existence of boreal understory vegetation, and changes in soil moisture and available P are distinct attributes applicable as ecological indicators for identifying forest degradation in Mongolia.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

소백산 산정의 동사면과 북서사면에서 천지초원과 환경요소와의 관계를 조사하였다. 토양의 전질소 함량, 치환성 양이온량, 그리고 A층의 두께는 두 사면에서 현저한 차이가 있었다. 조사지역의 초원은 동사면의 광엽초본형과 북서사면의 협엽초목형으로 구분되었으며 전자는 후자에 비하여 초장이 길고 연순생산량이 많았다. 이러한 차이는 겨울동안 바람에 의해 형성된 눈 깊이의 차이와 유의한 관계가 있었다. 이 지역의 초원은 주로 산불, 바람 그리고 산정의 지형적 특성에 의해서 형성된 것으로 해석되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

본 연구는 산불의 근원이 된다고 하는 담배불에 의한 연소형태의 특징을 구명하고 그 현상을 해명하여 산불 방지대책의 연구자료로 기여하자는데 있다. 국산 담배 종류별 흡연자를 조사한 결과 흡연량은 개당 30mm였고, 흡연하고 버려지는 담배의 길이는 30mm정도여서 꽁초의 자연연소시간은 약 10분이 소요된다. 삼림내 퇴적층은 평균 58.2mm였고, 퇴적물량은 인간간섭이 적은 선치산이 고우언화된 계룡산에 비하여 29.6%가 더 많다. 임내 지상 가연물량은 Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissmia, Larix leptolepis등은 수세가 왕성한 15년생과 20년생 조림지에서 가연물량이 평균 2.43kg과 2.55kg으로 다소 많았다. 가연물의 착화 및 발염상태는 함수량 2~6%의 시료(C)의 Zoysia japonica와 Populus X tomentiglandulosa는 5분 이내에 발염되고, 침엽수종인 Pinus rigida와 Larix leptolepis는 착화되어 불씨는 만들어지나 자체발염은 되지 않았으며, Zoysia Japonica와 Populus X tomentiglandulosark 함유되는 혼합고엽의 시료에서는 모두 발염되어 담배둘에 의한 산불은 Zoysia japonica와 같은 건초가 가장 위험한 화원이 되겠다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2001

The biomass structure for three major components viz., the dominant grass, Chrysopogon zeylanicus Thw., the 'other grasses' and the'remaining species'and dry matter dynamics for total community were studied over a period of one year in an annual fire influenced subtropical humid grassland community in Western Ghats, India. The biomass of aboveground, belowground and litter compartments were high as in other humid grasslands and generally have positive correlation with rainfall, rainy days and relative humidity with the exception of litter parts. The above and belowground net primary productions (4,561 and 722 g/㎡, respectively) were also higher and were comparable with other humid tropical grasslands. The turnover of organic matter was rapid, Of the total input of 14.47 g/㎡ into the system, about 86.3% was allocated to above ground parts and 13.7% to below ground parts. The total disappearance was 2.56 g/㎡ and it was accounted to be 17.68% of the total output. The net surplus of dry matter (82.32%) in the post fire community indicates that the grassland was maintained in a seral stage. Hence it is suggested that prescribed burning may keep this ecosystem in a highly productive and seral stage.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 1998

자연적이거나 인위적인 여러 요인의 복합적인 상호작용에 의해 지표는 계속 변화해간다. 자연재해는 생태계의 다양한 군집이 서로 상호작용을 하는데 결정적 영향을 미치는 요소로 이런 변화의 직접적인 원인이 되는 특정 사건의 발생과정이나 공간적 분포에 대한 연구는 환경과 자원관리 측면에서 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 지표변화에 영향을 미치는 자연화재의 경우를 중심으로 공간적 분포를 모형화하는 방법론을 설명하였다. 자연화재는 주로 번개에 의해 발생되어 몇 주에 결쳐 수만 킬로미터의 지역을 태우면서 새롭고 다양한 서식지를 만들어 가는 주된 자연재해중의 하나로 생태계관리차원에서 연구되고 있다. 오스트리아 빅토리아사막을 예로 이곳에서의 자연화재 발생지역을 20년동안의 원격탐사자료(MSS data)로부터 추출하여 이를 바탕으로 자연화재발생에 대한 공간적 모형을 개발하였고 모형에 입각한 시뮬레이션 방법을 논의하였다. 화재발생과정은 불규칙적으로 분포된 공간상의 point pattern에 의해 특징지어질 수 있는데 이의 모형화를 위해서 Nonhomogeneous Planar Poissin Process가 이용되었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.137-157
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• 1995

Some indices of species of the Arundinella hirta communities in Cheolwon area were studied and the following results were obtained. The vegetational date was analyzed from six grass stands selected with the distance away from the DMZ in Cheolwon area. Species diversity was higher in the stand away from the DMZ than in that neat to it. All six stands are not considered to be free of disturbance. Species composition of the stands might be related to the degree of disturbance. It can be said that the destruction of the vegetation by periodical fire or cutting simplifies the species composition. In the rear district the human inter ference is supposed to be more frequent. But it is supposed to be slight in near the DMZ and that the degree of disturbance is not so destructive. This could be the explanation of high diversity in these stands.