• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The main goal of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among 36 grape cultivars grown in Palestine by using ISSR-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprints. Among the tested primers, 17 produced reasonable amplification products with high intensity and pattern stability. A total of 57 DNA fragments (loci) separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels were detected and they ranged in size, from 150 to 900 bp. Out of these fragments, 55 (88%) were polymorphic and 2 (3.5%) monomorphic. Our results also revealed an average of 3.1 loci per primer. A minimum of 1 and maximum of 10 DNA fragments were obtained (S-17, #820 and #841) and (S-31) primers, respectively. Therefore, the later primer (S-31) is considered to be the most powerful primer among the tested ones. The genetic distance matrix showed an average distance range of between 0.05 and 0.76. The maximum genetic distance value of 0.76 (24% similarity) was exhibited between the (Shami and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) as well as (Bairuti and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) genotypes. On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance of 0.05 (95% similarity) was exhibited between (Jandali.Tawel.Mofarad and Jandali. Kurawi.Mlzlz) along with (Shami.Aswad and Shami.mtartash. mlwn) genotypes. Furthermore, the UPGMA dendrogram generally clusters the grape cultivars into eight major clusters in addition to an isolated genotype. Based on these figures, the cultivars tested in this study could be characterized by large divergence at the DNA level. This is taking the assumption that our region has a very rich and varied clonal grape genetic structure.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.590-596
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• 2002

The domestic grape, cultivar Campbell's Early, was investigated for suitability for production of red wine. The factors for red wine fermentation and quality such as concentrations of sugar, acidity and organic acids in the fresh fruit and the wine from the grape were analyzed. The average concentration of sugar in the fruit was 14%. Since the concentration was not sufficient for fermentation, sugar was added up to 23%. It resulted in production of wine with 12% of alcohol. The total acidity and pH of the fruit were 0.8% and pH 3.4 respectively. Those were optimum levels for fermentation. The fruit contained 3,649 ppm of tartaric acid, 5,339 ppm of malic acid and 948 ppm of citric acid. The wines from Icheon and Youngdong, which were fermented from the grape and M wine which was an imported red wine, were tested. Their pH were 3.5, 3.4 and 3.7, and total acidities were 0.75%, 0.71% and 0.57%, respectively. They contained 1,881 ppm, 2,098 ppm and 8,534 ppm of tartaric acid, 3,033 ppm, 1,952 ppm and undetectable amount of malic acid, 769 ppm, 389 ppm and undetectable amount of citric acid, and 3,337 ppm, 2,368 ppm and 11,991 ppm of lactic acid. This results indicated that M wine contained much more amounts of tartaric acid and lactic acid than the wines of Icheon and Youngdong. The sensory analysis showed that Korean students preferred Youngdong and Icheon wine to M wine. The analytic results indicated that the domestic grape, cultivar Campbell's Early, is suitable source for high quality red wine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 2002

Eight strains producing bacterial cellulose (BC) were isolated from rotten fruits and traditionally fermented vinegars. One of the isolated strains from the rotten grape in Gwangju, Korea, maintained a relatively stable BC production in shaking cultures. This isolated strain proved to be Acetobacter xylinum, based on several biochemical and morphological tests. It was shown that the slant-baffled flask was more efficient than the conventional flask for the BC production in shaking cultures. To determine the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of BC, various compounds were examined. Fructose was found to be the most effective carbon source with an optimal concentration of 2%. Mixed carbon source (glucose:fructose=1:3) was also better than glucose or fructose alone. Optimal nitrogen source, when basal medium was used, was 10% (v/v) com steep liquor (CSL). When com steep liquor was used with a mixed carbon source (glucose:fructose=1 :3),4% CSL exhibited the best BC production. Based on these results, a defined medium was developed for the BC production by Acetobacter xylinum KJ-1. When this medium was used under optimal culture conditions, the BC production was 7.2 g/1, which was approximately 3 times higher than that with the traditional HS medium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1178-1186
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• 2015

Lipid oxidation, colour stability and physico-chemical quality of pork frankfurters with the incorporation of 0.30% sea buckthorn (SBT), 0.10% grape seed (GSE), 0.03% green tea (GTE), 0.12% fenugreek seed (FSE) and 0.10% Acacia catechu (ACE) were studied during 20 days of refrigerated aerobic storage. The SBT and ACE were identified as being the most effective antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation with the potency decreasing in the following order: SBT>ACE>GSE>GTE>FSE based on thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, peroxide value and free fatty acids. In all samples pH and $a_w$ decreased during storage period. The $L^*$ value of treated as well as control samples decreased over time while SBT and ACE exhibited an increased redness producing higher $a^*$ values than other treatments. However, GTE was more effective in increasing $b^*$ values than other treatments at the end of storage. The results suggest that functional plant-derived extracts can be valuable to the modification of frankfurter formulations for improved oxidative stability as well as quality characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.306-308
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• 2003

Contents of resveratrol in different parts of Gerbong, Campbell, and Sheridan grapes were measured through HPLC analysis. Resveratrol contents in the flesh, skin, seed, and fruit stem of each grape showed significant differences, whereas little difference was observed among the cultivars. In fruit stem, and skin and seed, resveratrol contents were 170 to 440 and 4 to $8\;{\mu}g/g-dry$ weight, respectively, an indication that the fruit stem may be a good resource for resveratrol production.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.720-732
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• 2006

This study investigates the possibility in establishing the wine theme village in Youngwol area, and grape production and wine industry in world and Korea. Wine import market formed since 1988 in Korea. Because Korean wine production will be finished in 2011, Korean farmers need the strategy against foreign grape and wine importers. That is to establish the wine theme village, one of green tourism. Many pensions and raftsmen are concentrated along the Donggang river, where Geowoun-ri of Youngwol area is located. Possibility in establishing the wine theme village in Geowoun-ri is depend on the attractive program that people enjoy in Youngwol are. The programs have to consist in the regional image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.621-631
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• 1996

It is said that robot can be used for multi-purpose use by changing end effector or/and visual sensor with its software. In this study, it was investigated what multi-purpose robot for fruit-production was using a tomato harvesting robot and a robot to work in vineyard. Tomato harvesting robot consisted of manipulator, end-effector, visual sensor and traveling device. Plant training system of larger size tomato is similar with that of cherry-tomato. Two end-effectors were prepared for larger size tomato and cherry-tomato fruit harvesting operations, while the res components were not changed for the different work objects. A color TV camera could be used for the both work objects, however fruit detecting algorithm and extracted features from image should be changed. As for the grape-robot , several end-effector for harvesting , berry thinning , bagging and spraying were developed and experimented after attaching each end-effector to manipulator end. The manipulator was a polar coordinate type and had five degrees of freedom so that it could have enough working space for the operations. It was observed that visual sensor was necessary for harvesting, bagging and berry-thinning operations and that spraying operation requires another sensor for keeping certain distance between trellis and end-effector. From the experimental results, it was considered that multi-operations by the same robot could be appropriately done on the same or similar plant training system changing some robot components . One of the important results on having function of multi-operation was to be able to make working period of the robot longer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.477-482
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• 2009

Inhibitory effect of skin and seed of three species grape cultivated in Korea on melanogenesis was investigated. Melanin generation was examined in $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 cell, mouse melanoma, in the presence of samples. All skin sample did not show the inhibitory effect. Seed extract of Campbell early and Neo Muscat had negative effect on cell viability. When $50{\mu}g/ml$ seed extract of Muscat Bailey A was treated, amount of generated melanin and cell viability were $51.6{\pm}20.5%$ and $90.4{\pm}11.3%$ compared to control, respectively. Seed extract of Muscat Bailey A reduced the tyrosinase protein induced by $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone, which suggests that inhibitory effect of seed extract of Muscat Bailey A on melanin is partly due to suppression of tyrosinase that is responsible for melanin production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1416-1423
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder (GPP), mangosteen peel powder (MPP) and monensin on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, microorganisms, rumen fermentation characteristic, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance in dairy steers. Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers with initial body weight (BW) of $220{\pm}15kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive four treatments. The treatments were as follows: T1 = control, T2 = supplementation with monensin at 33 mg/kg diet, T3 = supplementation with GPP at 2% of dry matter intake, and T4 = supplementation with MPP at 30 g/kg diet. The steers were offered the concentrate diet at 0.2% BW and 3% urea treated rice straw (UTRS) was fed ad libitum. It was found that GPP supplemented group had higher UTRS intake and nutrient digestibility in terms of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber than those in control group (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and blood urea-nitrogen concentration were higher in monensin, GPP and MPP supplemented groups (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acids and propionate in the GPP group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05) while acetate concentration, and acetate to propionate ratio were decreased (p<0.01) when steers were supplemented with GPP, monensin, and MPP, respectively. Moreover, protozoal populations in GPP, MPP, and monensin supplementation were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05), while cellulolytic bacterial population was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.05). Nitrogen retention, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were found significantly higher in steers that received GPP (p<0.05). Based on this study it could be concluded that the GPP has potential as an alternative feed supplement in concentrate diets which can result in improved rumen fermentation efficiency, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in steers fed on treated rice straw.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.582-589
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-dermatitis effects of grape branch extract (GBE) and Pleurotus eryngii (PEE) combinations on the active immune cells and atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. The results showed that the combination of GBE ($12.5{\mu}g/mL$) and PEE ($500{\mu}g/mL$) led to much stronger inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory mediators, such as NO and $PGE_2$ than that exhibited by GBE ($25{\mu}g/mL$) and PEE ($1000{\mu}g/mL$) alone, even at higher concentrations, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The combination of GBE and PEE synergistically inhibited the production of TNF- and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and PMA plus A23187-activated HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, combined GBE and PEE had a stronger ameliorative effect than GBE and PEE alone by inhibiting the clinical sores, IgE, and IL-4 on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. Collectively, these results suggested that the combination of GBE and PEE produced a synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis effect on immune cells and atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice.