• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.270-274
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• 1993

The acute toxicity of a recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (code name: LBD-005) was evaluated in both sexes of ICR mice, 5~6 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. Based on the results of the acute toxicity study, LBD-005 was not considered to induce any toxic effect on the mice in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that $LD_50$ values in mice would be >48 mg/kg in the oral route and >24 mg/kg in the subcutaneous or intravenous route.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1992

Antigenicity of Recombinant Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(LBD-005), a newly developed drug for hematopoietic growth, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. 1. Mice showed production of antibodies against LBD-005 (100mg/kg) with alumin]m hydroxide gel(alum) as an adjuvant, judged by the heterologous anaphylaxis(PCA) test using rats. On the other hand, antibodies against ovalbumin(OVA) inoculated with alum were definitely detected. 2. In the studies with guinea pigs, both the inoculation of LBD-005 only and of LBD-005 with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) as an adjuvant did not produce positive reactions in homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1992

Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor was subcutaneously administered to both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats at the doses of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg of body weight five days per week for 4 weeks to evaluate the subchronic toxicity. There were decreased 1 and 2 mg/kg. In the serum, changes were decreased alkaline phostatase(ALP) in the female groups dosed at 1 and 2mg/kg, and increased glutamic oxaloacetic transaminiase (GOT)in the male groups dosed at 0.5 and 2.0mg/kg.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

The actue toxicity of a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (code name: LBD-005) was evaluated in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. LBD-005 in the acute toxicity study in the rats was not considerde to induce any toxicological effect on the rats in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that $LD_{50}$ values in rats would be >48 mg/kg in the oral route and >12 mg/kg in the subcutaneous or intravenous route.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1993

LBD-005, a newly developed recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, was at dose levels of 0, 20, 80 and 320ng/kg/day administered subcutaneously to pregnat New Zealand White rabbits during the organogenetic period. The dams were subjected to caesarean section on day 28 of pregnancy. Effects of test substance on dams and embryonal development of fetuses were examined. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs and necropsy findings of dams were observed in all groups. At 80 and 320 ng/kg, a significant decrease in food consumption followed by a loss in body weight was found.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2005

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 1993

LBD-005, a newly developed recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, was tested for primary skin irritation in male New Zealand White rabbits. In the primary skin irritation test, LBD-005 was applied to intact and abraded skins for 24 hours. Primary irritation index was "0" in test and control sites of all animals' thus LBD-005 was evaluated as a non-irritatant on the basis of the criteria of Draize et al. (1994).l. (1994).

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in the regulation of pre-implantation embryo development across several species. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) on development of porcine parthenotes and nuclear transferred embryos, and on their expression of implantation-related genes. In the presence of bovine serum albumin, mGM-CSF did not increase the percentage of oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage and at day 7 did not increase oocyte cell number. Addition of 10 mM GM-CSF to protein-free culture medium significantly increased the compaction and blastocoel formation of 1- to 2-cell parthenotes and cloned embryos developing in vitro. However, cell number was not increased when they were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF. Semi-quantitative reverse transcripts polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that mGM-CSF enhances mRNA expression of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, but does not influence interleukin-6 or sodium/glucose co-transporter protein gene expression in blastocyst stage parthenotes. These results suggest that mGM-CSF may enhance viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro in a defined culture medium.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.252-256
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• 2000

A thymic stromal cell line, TFGD, was established from a thymic tumor mass developed spontaneously in p53 knock out mouse, and was found to produce cytokines that could induce bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to differentiate into macrophages. The cytokines produced by the TFGD line were assessed by immunoassays. High level of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 was detected in the TFGD-culture supernatant, whereas granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, or interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ was undetectable. Blocking experiments showed that anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody could neutralize the differentiation-inducing activity shown by the TFGD-culture supernatant. Dot blot analysis of the total RNA isolated from the cultured fetal thymic stromal cells showed that M-CSF transcripts were expressed in the normal thymus. These observations, together with the earlier finding that M-CSF plus IL-6 is the optimal combination of cytokines for the induction of macrophage differentiation from HSCs in vitro, may indicate that thymic macrophages could be generated within the thymus by cytokines involving M-CSF.