• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2007

The effect of mixed treatments of wood vinegar and sulfonylurea-based herbicides on weed control, yield and yield components, and quality of rice was investigated. Two herbicides were tested namely: imazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb[ethyl-1-(2-chloroimidazo[1,2-$\alpha$]pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) urea+S-4-chlorobenzyl diethyl(thiocarbamate)], and bensulfuronmethyl+butachlor [methyl $\alpha$-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]-o-toluate+N-butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide]. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 5 treatments. Treatments used were recommended(RH: 100%) and half-recommended(HRH: 50%) application rates of each herbicide. Half-recommended application rates were combined with 1 mL wood vinegar $500mL\;water^{-1}$(500) and 1 mL wood vinegar $1000mL\;water^{-1}$(1000) wood vinegar. Plots for no herbicide treatments were also prepared and used as control. Results showed that wood vinegar significantly increased efficacy of HRH in bensulfuron-methyl+butachlor while high efficacy was already obtained in HRH treatment of imazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb. Wood vinegar did not improve the efficacy of imazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb but improved rice yield. Significantly similar rice yields were obtained in the HRH+1000 WV and RH treatments of both herbicides. There were no significant variations in the yield components among the treatments; however, differences in yield can be attributed to the variations in the spikelet number and ripening ratio. Data on rice quality analysis did not show clear trend on the effects of the treatments on grain appearance and nutritional quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.272-281
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• 1989

It is desirable for the vertical wind tunnel which can build uniform air flow across the vertical duct to be used for the purpose of the investigation of the aerodynamic properties of grains. This study was conducted to examine how the air velocity profile in the vertical duct is influenced by the various alternations of the elements of the wind tunnel, and to prepare design guidance of the vertical wind tunnel which can be used for investigating aerodynamic properties of grains. In addition, several tests were conducted to locate the test section which can be applicable for determining the terminal velocity of grain. The following conclusions were obtained from the study: 1. The size and the location of the outlet of the plenum chamber should be determined such that the outlet air flow is less affected by the air flow and the back pressure by the side wall of the chamber. 2. The honeycomb was not helpful for attaining uniform air flow in case that the air flow profile at the bottom of the vertical duct is serverely different from the ideal one. 3. Even though considerable pressure drop was resulted from the screens installed within the vertical duct, the screens were helpful for attaining uniform air flow in the duct. 4. It is desirable for the test section to be located at the position that not only the air flow of the duct is not disturbed by the distorted back pressure in the plenum chamber, but also less boundary layer is developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

As enormous construction projects of land development are carried out around Korea, useful construction materials are needed to perform the construction projects. However, there are no more enough of fill and reclamation materials in our country. That is why the coal ash is expected to be utilized as an alternative material. Since the coal ash has the characteristics of a pozzolan and a selfhardening material, it is adjudged that coal ash has a great possibility to be used as a fill and reclamation material. In this study, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, and specific gravity test were performed to examine the physical characteristics of the coal ash about a self-hardening material before utilizing the coal ash in the construction. Compaction test, unconfined compression test were conducted to investigate the engineering characteristics according to mixture ratios of fly ash and bottom ash. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the mixing ratio 1:1 of fly ash and bottom ash is the most effective to use as a fill and reclamation material. If the mixture of coal ash is used as a backfill material with light weight around structure, it is expected to play a significant role in reducing earth pressure on the back of the structure. As described above, the coal ash should be considered as an alternative material of fill and reclamation materials since the result of the tests indicates that the coal ash is suitable to a useful material on the construction design.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.177-198
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• 1997

Since decomposed granite soil shows various characteristics of shear behavior dependent on initial conditions such as weathering degree and grain breakage, it is nacessary to invert ligate stress -strain relationship and changes of shear characteristics for different initial conditions. Associated with abovefnentioned view, direct shear tests, and triaxial compression tutsts(Ef, CD) were carried out in this study for undisturbed and disturbed compacted weathered granite samples obtained from 4 construction work sites with the various weathering degree and components of parent rocks. The deformation behavior of undisturbed samples under small confining stress shows hardening to softening, which is similar to that of over nsolidated clay whereas disturbed weathered granite soils do hardeningfonstant regardless of weathering degree, which is also similar to sedimentary clay. Conventional direct shear-tests for undisturbed samples show a tendency to overestimate cohesion. It is possidle to approximate stress ratio(q/p') and volumetric increment ratio(dv/ds) in the triaxital compression tests by an equation, ($dv/d\varepsilon,=\alpha(M-\eta))$ irrespective of moisture content, weathering degree and disturbance.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.80-96
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• 1999

This research focused on pattern adjustments of the stable knit garment for women. Fourteen different types of the knitted fabrics by 12 gauge, computerized flat bed machines were cut in as one half of the torso front, one half of the torso back, and one side of the sleeves for each of them. Guidelines such as the center front, the center back, the armhole, the bust-line, the waistline, the hip-line the hemline were basted on the torso patterns in the knitted fabrics. Also the grain-line, the elbow-line, and the hemline were basted on the one side of the sleeves in the same as above knitted fabrics. The torso patterns in the knitted fabrics were exhibited on the dress-forms on top of the torso patterns in Muslin, which also have the same guidelines drawn on. The distances between the guidelines on Muslin and those on the knitted fabrics for each set of the sample fabrics were measured every three days for two weeks. The fabric properties of the fourteen knitted fabrics such as fiber contents, stitch density both in the wale and course directions, weight, thickness, stretch & recovery, residual shrinkage, relaxation and drapability were laboratory tested for how these were related to finished appearance of 12 gauge, computerized flat knit garments and also in order to prove the fourteen knitted fabrics fall to a category of such as the stable knit. The results from the investigation revealed that six fabric properties such as stitch density, thickness, stretch recovery, residual shrinkage and relaxation were not so much significant factors as weight and drapability. In conclusion, fabric weight, and drapability of the fabric resulting from fiber contents were the cause of final appearance distortion of garment. When adapting patterns for stabilized, 12 gauge, computerized flat knitted fabrics, the fiber contents of the fabrics should be taken into consideration to reduce the production cost and produce better-fit garments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.820-824
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop basic technology of hybrid rocket vehicle by constructed and launched. This small hybrid rocket using HDPE/LN2O and Aluminium steel for its body (weight : 12.5 kg, diameter : 114 mm, height : 1.8 m) was designed. The fuel grain and injector were designed for 50 kgf thrust and burning time 2.5 sec. This rocket was loaded the data acquisition device for obtaining data of pressure and velocity during its flying and equiped an automatic ejector system using spring/motor and timer to collect the rocket more safely after launching. It was launched successfully, but found some problem that the rocket's weight was heavier than expected and the thrust was not enough to reach the designed altitude and analyzed its flight path way.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.553-561
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• 2013

This study examined the food purchasing behavior of rural housewives in Bibong-myeon, Hwaseong. The survey targeted grocery shopping for the home, in particular by housewives. The type of grocery store frequented, age, socioeconomic factors, and ease of purchase were compared with interests in health foods. One super supermarket (SSM), three supermarkets (SM), and four convenience stores were examined in the research area, whereas a large-scale discount store and grocery stores were also examined outside the research area. The grocery store visiting rate was 61.5% in the research area and 38.5% in the other area. The SSM (62.7%) and SM (29.9%) in the research area and LDS (57.1%) and SSM (16.7%) in the other area were most frequently visited. Major purchasing products greatly differed according to the grocery store type. Major foods purchased in the SSM were grain, meat, and fish. Major foods purchased in the LDS and SM were processed products and vegetables, respectively. The LDS visiting frequency was 41.7% for 2-3 times per month and 41.7% for <1 time per month. The means of transport were mostly by private car (87.5%), whereas the SSM was visited 1-2 times per week 53.1% of the time by foot. In addition, various grocery stores are absent in rural areas and it is therefore important to find other methods to assess the food environment of rural areas. In future research, it will be necessary to design various ways to perform food environment research.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.110-117
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• 2011

Seashore landfill projects use undersea pump dredging method for construction of airport and factory site. Coarse grain soil from the dredging is considered for use at inland. West sea shore bottom consists of primarily coarser grained silt-sand and this component contains far more percentage than is the case with East sea and South sea area. This soil shows very different characteristic at consolidation and compaction behavior. This research targets to utilize this type of dredging soil. Test specimen is from West sea (Saemangum) dredged soil landfill site. Model analysis is done for getting prediction of original soil relative density and N-value from dynamic compaction energy variance. Dynamic compaction energy is calculated for efficient foundation design.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1968

Higher yield in rice paddies is greatly dependent on adequately balanced and timely supply of water. A majority of rice paddy in Korea is generally irrigated by rainfall, but in many cases it has to be supplemented by artificial irrigation for optimum rice culture. Although the water requirement of rice plant is for higher Than that of athec crops, submerged condition of rice paddy is not Necessarily required. The moisture requirement of rice plant varies with its growing stages, and it is possible to increase the irrigation efficiency through reduction of water loss due to percolation in rice paddies. An experimental plots were set up by means of sandomized block design with three duplication; (a) All time submerged, (b) Economically controlled, and (c) Extremely controlled. Three different irrigation periods Were (a) Initial sage, (b) Inter-stage, and (c) Yast stage. The topsoil of the three plots were excavated to the depth of 30 cm and then compacted with clay of 6 cm thickness. There after, they were piled up with the excavated top soils, leveled and cored with clay of 6 cm thickness around footpath in order to prevent leakage. The results obtained from the experiments are as follows, 1. There is no difference among the three experiments plots in terms of physical and chemical conditions, soil properties, and other characteristics. 2. Culm length and ear length are not affected by different irrigation methods. 3. There is no difference in the mature rate and 1, 000 grain weight of rice for the three plots. 4. The control plot which was irrigated every three days shows an increased yield over the all the time submerged plot by 17.8 percent. 5. The clay lined plot whose water holding capacity was held 5 days long, needs only to be irrigated every 7 days. 6. The clay lined plot shows an increased yield over the untreated plot ; over all-the-time submerged plot by 18 percent ; extremely controlled plot by 18 percent, and economically controlled plot by 33 percent. 7. It may be saved in water requirement about one Thirds.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.504-516
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• 2009

Korean traditional architecture has been carried out in the manner that it harmonized surrounding natural environments and never disturbed them in the scale which did not overwhelm the nature, based on the view of architecture predicated on Yin Yang School. The exposed grain of the wood like pillar, hinge and house rafte, the linear expression of the construction material and the formation between the window and door monopolizing the front side presented a harmony with the nature showing the linear structure. Furthermore the ceiling is low due to the sit life style thanks to the ondol (Korean under-floor heating system and the furniture was made in simple manner to utilize the space as large as possible, for the interior was narrow and close, and also the furniture placing in the middle of the room was movably manufactured to improve the room space. Like this Korean traditional furniture was close associated with the low height and simplicity and harmonized with the blank of the wall accordingly, and it characterized linear & planar natural beauty focusing on the simple and refined unique beauty, because it was made in a good harmony with the interior utensils. This study has presented that the organic characteristics of Korean traditional aesthetic of architecture and the natural beauty being intrinsic in traditional furniture have a mutual relation on the basis of not only the visual recognition, also the aesthetic of naturalism made of the natural material, the constructional naivety as a frame method and the linear & planar formative beauty shown in appearance.