• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2006

Nanostructured metallic materials are synthesized by bottom-up processing which starts with powders for assembling bulk materials or top-down processing starting with a bulk solid. A representative bottom-up and top-down paths for bulk nanostructured/ultrafine grained metallic materials are powder consolidation and severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, respectively. In this study, the bottom-up powder and top-down SPD approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement without grain growth, which were considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. For the powder consolidation, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used. The ECAP processing associated with stress developments was investigated. ECAP for powder consolidation were numerically analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with pressure and shear stress.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.25-28
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• 2000

The flow stress of 304 stainless steel during high during hot forming process were determined by conducting hot compression tests at the range of 1273 K-1423 K and 0.05 /s-2.0 /s as these are typical temperature and strain rate in hot forging operation. Based on the observed phenomena, a constitutive model of flow stress was assumed as a function of strain, strain rate, temperature. Dynamic recrystallization was found to be the major softening mechanism with this conditions as previous studies. A finite element analysis was performed to predict the recrystallized volume fraction and the mean grain size in hot compression of 304 stainless steel.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.342-345
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• 2004

In this work, a new method of measuring volume fraction of deformation-induced ${\varepsilon}$ martensite is proposed using endothermic heat on reverse transformation. As grain size increases, the amount of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite forming on cooling increases. However, with a decrease in grain size, more ${\varepsilon}$ is induced by deformation, improving shape memory effect.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1751-1758
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• 2001

Among severe plastic deformation processes, ECAP has drawn much attention due to its advantages including ultra-fine grain size material production. In this paper, ECAP process with pure -Zirconium is investigated due to its applicability to nuclear reactors. The finite element method is employed to investigate the deformation behavior of materials during ECAP process. In particular, effects of process parameters such as die deformation and channel angles on the material behaviors have been investigated. Experimental studies have also been performed to verify the numerical results.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 응력완화실험을 통한 포화상태에서의 토노(Tono) 화강암의 표면변형에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 실험을 위해서 실험이 진행되는 동안 실시간으로 다초첨 레이져 스캔 현미경(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, CLSM)으로 관찰이 가능하고 변위 및 응력에 대한 데이터 취득이 가능한 장치를 고안하였다. 광물내의 변형 및 광물경계부에서의 변형은 유한요소해석 방법을 사용하여 계산하였다. 그 결과 응력완화실험 중에는 광물 내부와 광물 경계부 모두에서 활발한 변형을 보이는 것이 관찰되었으며 이는 가해지는 응력이 높아질수록 더욱 커진다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한 유한요소 해석의 결과는 광물내의 변화보다는 압축력에 의해서 발생되는 광물경계부에서의 변화가 더욱 크다는 것을 설명한다. 이를 도식화시켜 표현해보면 화강암 내부에서 광물 경계부의 변형이 광물 내부의 변형보다 크게 나타난다는 것을 쉽게 관찰 할 수 있다. 이는 흑운모와 석영의 물리화학적 특성에 기인된다고 사료된다. 즉 석영은 안정된 구체를 보이는 반면에 흑운모는 층상형태로 약한 결합구조를 보이고 있기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

In this study, the bottom-up powder metallurgy and the top-down severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques for manufacturing bulk nanomaterials were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement without grain growth of rapidly solidified Al-20 wt% Si alloy powders during consolidation processing. Continuous equal channel multi-angular processing (C-ECMAP) was proposed to improve low productivity of conventional ECAP, one of the most promising method in SPD. As a powder consolidation method, C-ECMAP was employed. A wide range of experimental studies were carried out for characterizing mechanical properties and microstructures of the ECMAP processed materials. It was found that effective properties of high strength and full density maintaining nanoscale microstructure are achieved. The proposed SPD processing of powder materials can be a good method to achieve fully density and nanostructured materials.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.252-257
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• 2012

Crystallographic texture evolution during forming processes has a significant effect on the anisotropic flow behavior of crystalline material. In this study, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM), which incorporates the crystal plasticity constitutive law into a three-dimensional finite element method, was used to investigate texture evolution of a face-centered-cubic material - an aluminum alloy. A rate-dependent polycrystalline theory was fully implemented within an in-house program, CAMPform3D. Each integration point in the element was considered to be a polycrystalline aggregate consisting of a large number of grains, and the deformation of each grain in the aggregate was assumed to be the same as the macroscopic deformation of the aggregate. The texture evolution during three different deformation modes - uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, and plane strain compression - was investigated in terms of pole figures and compared to experimental data available in the literature.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2018

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a promising method for drastically enhancing the mechanical properties of the materials by grain refinement of metallic materials. However, inhomogeneous deformation during the SPD process results in the inhomogeneous microstructure of the SPD-processed material. We manufactured cylindrical copper specimens of 42 mm in diameter with ultrafine grains (UFG) using an equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to figure out the relationship between homogeneous microstructure and the number of the processing passes. Two specimens, which are ECAP-processed 4 times (4pass) and 6 times (6pass) each with Route Bc, are prepared for comparison of mechanical properties and microstructure. The results show that the mechanical properties of the two specimens (4pass and 6pass) are similar. Moreover, both the specimens show highly enhanced mechanical properties. The 4pass specimen, however, shows inhomogeneity in hardness distribution, while the 6pass specimen shows a homogeneous distribution. Microstructure analysis reveals that the 4pass specimen has an inhomogeneous microstructure with incompletely refined grain structure. This inhomogeneity of the 4pass specimen could be explained by the circumferential rotation during ECAP process.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.573-578
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• 2001

The flow stress of 304 stainless steel during hot forming process were determined by conducting hot compression tests at the range of 1273 K∼1423 K and 0.05 /s∼2.0 /s as these are typical temperature and strain rate in hot forging operation. In this material, Dynamic recrystallization was found to be the major softening mechanism with this conditions as Previous studies. Based on the observed phenomena, a constitutive model of flow stress was assumed as a function of strain, strain rate, temperature. In the constitutive model, the effects of strain hardening and dynamic recrystallization were taken into consideration. A finite element method connected to constitutive model was performed to predict the dynamic recrystallization behaviors and also stress-strain curves in hot compression of 304 stainless steel.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.70-73
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• 2006

In the present study, the flow-softening behavior occurring during high temperature deformation of AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated. Flow softening of AZ31 Mg alloy was attributed to (1) thermal softening by deformation heating and (2) microstructural softening by dynamic recrystallization. Artificial neural networks method was used to derive the accurate amounts of thermal softening by deformation heating. A series of mechanical tests (High temperature compression and load relaxation tests) was conducted at various temperatures ($250^{\circ}C{\sim}500^{\circ}C$) and strain rates ($10^{-4}/s{\sim}100/s$) to formulate the recrystallization kinetics and grain size relation. The effect of DRX kinetics on microstructure evolution (fraction of recrystallization) was evaluated by the unified SRX/DRX (static recrystallization/dynamic recrystallization) approaches