• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1401-1407
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• 2003

A survey of consumers' awareness and attitudes about genetically modified food and korean labelling regulation entered into force in July, 2001 was conducted from October, 2001 to January 2002. The questionnaires were distributed to 519 consumers who are members of panel survey system of Korea Consumer Protection Board and lived in 7 largest cities of Korea. The consumers were asked about knowledge, concerns of potential hazards, intention of purchasing, and present labelling regulation. More than 85.7% of the respondents had some knowledge on genetically modified (GM) foods. More than 44.9% of consumers relied on the information from the civil activity group but only 9.6% of consumers from the government. The greatest benefit of GM food was thought to be a solution for the food shortage in the future. While, regarding a potential hazard, more than 71.6% of respondents worried about the safety of GM foods. First of all, 52.2% of korean consumer concerned about food toxicity or side effect. 53.2% of consumers responded that they would not purchase GM labelled foods and about 28.0% of respondents suspended judgement on willingness to purchase until they would get more information. Regarding complement field of present GMO labelling regulation, over 45.2% of consumers responded that labelling was needed to be more easily found. Also more than 95.1% of consumers hope to expand a list of mandatory labelling articles.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.24-35
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• 2011

This paper demonstrates a methodology of integrated operation and management system for intermodal connectivity center (ICC), which is planning to be build up as a large scale public transit facilities for green growth strategy by the national government. The ICC needs to be capable of providing the integrated location based information for the public transit users in terms of collaborating a variety of transit modes and complex facility in a large scale center. Recently, the upcoming information and communication technologies enable to come up with real time information provision on nomadic and portable devices, i.e. smart phones and/or tablet PCs, as what the users actually need to get on demand. In order to provide the public transit users in ICC with the integrated information on their smart phones for example, the integrated operation and management system plays a key role to collect the data utilizing the wireless communication with real time location tracking and to manage them to be effective and operational sources for applicable personalized services. Thus, this paper defines a type of services, subsystems, and relevant technologies for the system integration so called a "Smart Garatagi Service" and shows a filed test demonstration case in the existing airport terminal, Gimpo Domestic.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with suspicious developmental delay in infants and early childhood. Methods: Participants were 133 infants, aged from birth to 6 years old and their mothers, who were being seen at 16 Public health centers in B city. Korean Denver II was used to test infant development. ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used with SPSS 19.0 to analyze data. Results: Of participant infants, 7.5% were below the 3rd percentile for the weight percentile, 8.4% is a weight curve that crosses more than 2 percentile lines on the growth charts after previous achievement, and 9.8% had suspicious developmental delay according to Korean Denver II. Further the predictive factors related to suspicious development delay in the children were decrease of weight percentile (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.69, Confidence Interval [CI])=1.22-36.45), low economic state (OR=6.26, CI=1.50-26.00), and development delay perceived by their mothers (OR=4.99, CI=1.24-20.06). Conclusion: It is necessary to build a government level system to follow management of development of infants and children from the time of birth. Especially, it is necessary to develop a program for children in low income families.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.169-173
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• 2013

Objective: To measure Irish opinion on a range of assisted human reproduction (AHR) treatments. Methods: A nationally representative sample of Irish adults (n=1,003) were anonymously sampled by telephone survey. Results: Most participants (77%) agreed that any fertility services offered internationally should also be available in Ireland, although only a small minority of the general Irish population had personal familiarity with AHR or infertility. This sample finds substantial agreement (63%) that the Government of Ireland should introduce legislation covering AHR. The range of support for gamete donation in Ireland ranged from 53% to 83%, depending on how donor privacy and disclosure policies are presented. For example, donation where the donor agrees to be contacted by the child born following donation, and anonymous donation where donor privacy is completely protected by law were supported by 68% and 66%, respectively. The least popular (53%) donor gamete treatment type appeared to be donation where the donor consents to be involved in the future life of any child born as a result of donor fertility treatment. Respondents in social class ABC1 (58%), age 18 to 24 (62%), age 25 to 34 (60%), or without children (61%) were more likely to favour this donor treatment policy in our sample. Conclusion: This is the first nationwide assessment of Irish public opinion on the advanced reproductive technologies since 2005. Access to a wide range of AHR treatment was supported by all subgroups studied. Public opinion concerning specific types of AHR treatment varied, yet general support for the need for national AHR legislation was reported by 63% of this national sample. Contemporary views on AHR remain largely consistent with the Commission for Assisted Human Reproduction recommendations from 2005, although further research is needed to clarify exactly how popular opinion on these issues has changed. It appears that legislation allowing for the full range of donation options (and not mandating disclosure of donor identity at a stipulated age) would better align with current Irish public opinion.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine community residents' knowledge level and related factor on electronic wave in order to provide basic data for development of education and publicity program. 2,000 people, who lived in five big cities and five small and medium cities, were selected ad subjects of this study. The data were collected from May 1, 200 I to August 31, 2001. The results of this study are as follows. According to the average knowledge level of harmful affect of electronic wave on health in general characteristics, female was higher(37.40 ± 5.24 points) than male; ‘forties’ was highest(37.77 ± 5.69 points); ‘married spouse’ was high(36.84 ± 5.59 points); ‘living in small-ta-medium city’ was high(36.84 ± 5.32 points). ‘university graduate’ was highest(37.41 ± 5.32 points) in education level, ‘middle class’ was high(36.61 ± 4.96 points) in economic status, ‘professional technician’ was higher(36.68 ± 6.55 points) than other occupations in occupational type. According to the knowledge level of harmful affect of electronic wave on health in health condition by self-judgment, ‘good health condition’ was highest(36.77 ± 4.99 points). In the case of the knowledge level of those who visited medical institutions for last one year, ‘never visited’ was highest(37.19 ± 5.02 points). In the kind of medical institutions, ‘those who visited general hospital’ was highest(36.58 ± 5.63 points). In the way of knowledge obtainments of electronic wave through education and publicity media, ‘school education’ was highest(37.55 ± 5.19 points). According to the score of awareness level of disease incidence related to electronic wave, allergy and erethism was highest(57.8 points on the basis of 100 points). It appeared in order of leukemia, skin disease or skin cancer, dementia, various cancers, cataract, and brain tumor. The variables which significantly influenced knowledge level of harm of electronic wave were knowledge obtainments of electronic wave, age, economic status, daily TV watching period, sex, period of daily cellular phone use, period of working with computer, and daily VTR watching period. The knowledge of community residents concerning harmful affect of electronic wave on health is needed because people's opportunity of exposing to electronic wave is increasing. Especially, it is the demands of the times to provide information on knowledge of each equipment which generate electronic wave. The government, the product manufacturing companies, related social organizations, and education institutions must make efforts to develop the education program which is needed to make people have right knowledge and attitude.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.278-287
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide with basic information on application of hand acupuncture as a complementary and alternative therapy by giving some recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture. And so, answers for questionnaires of 290 respondents were used for this research and collected from June 5 through 13, 1999 from adults twenty and over who were participating in the hand acupuncture training program in Seoul and had some direct experiences with hand acupuncture therapy, whatever they had been treated and/or had treated. To secure reliability of measurement tool. Cronbach'a has been calculated and Factor Analysis was done as Validity Analysis of question classification. Demograprucal characteristics of hand acupuncture experienced people and factors related to hand acupuncture experiences are calculated based on the real number and percentage. The degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture is made as average and standard deviation, while the degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness based on general characteristics come from one-way ANOVA. 1. According to socio-demographical analysis. the questioned could be classified firstly as age (40-49 : 32.5%. 30-39 : 24.9%. 50-59 : 21.9%. 60-69 : 14.7%. 20-29 : 6.0%). secondly gender (male 36.6%. female 63.4%). thirdly occupation (housewife: 43.8%. self-employed: 15.5%. company-employee: 14.8%). fourthly education (high school graduate: 41.9%, college graduate: 37.9%), and lastly monthly-income (1 to 2 million: 51.4%. 2 to 3 million: 20,3%) 2, As for the general aspects related to hand acupuncture. 80,0% of the respondents answered almost zero for the monthly average number of visit to hospital and 15.5% responded 1 to 2 visits, 6,2% of the respondents is complaining of a disorder of digestive system. 19,0% circulatory disease, 10.7% bad nervous system. By utilizing hand acupuncture, 84% of the questioned have following experiences in curing diseases: digestive system 47.3%, circulatory system 9.3%, nervous system 8.3%, 54,1% are curing 1 to 2 and 10.3% 3 to 4 patients on a daily basis with hand acupuncture. Research on the demerits of giving medical treatment with hand acupuncture shows 23,8% are feeling economic burden. 16.6% difficulty of learning and 16.2% weak theoretical backgrounds. 3. Among the efficiency recognition, possibility of general application is average 4,29 and simple treatment is 4,19. economic merits 4.36. possibility of establishment with supplementary and alternative medicine 4.17, medical effectiveness 4.09. 4, As a result of demographical analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy, it appears that the recognition of efficiency based on occupation and the recognition of effectiveness based on monthly income are most significant to be noticed. In an orderly fashion. government-employee, self-employed, company-employee. and then housewife have perceived hand acupuncture very efficiently, And those who recognize hand acupuncture to be most effective are people earn 1 million to 2 million won a month, 5. The efficiency(p = .003) and effectiveness (p= .049) of hand acupuncture therapy by number of visit to hospital were statiscally significant, and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy by disease exist was statiscally significant (p= .033).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2004

In this paper we attempt to explore the institutional and clutural milieu of high-tech venture business cluster in Daegu City and provide policy implications for creating sustainable high-tech venture businesses cluster. Although since 1998 the Korean government has made explicitly a great deal of efforts to help attract and create high-tech new start-ups in non-capital cities such as the support of business incubating centers and the establishment of real service centres, it reveals that such policies are not so successful in creating a sustainable venture ecology. One of the most critical resions is that such policies are centred simply on building physical infrastructure such as incubating space and service centre with less concern with promoting venture business cluster reflecting cultural and institutional specificities in a given region. In this respect we argue that the focus of industrial policies to support promoting high-tech venture business clusters in non-capital cities urgently need to move towards to make it for firms to encourage entrepreneurship driving innovation and to create social capital incucing trust and networks amongst firms, universities, public &privite supporting agencies, together with the building up of physical infrastructure the existing policies have done.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.37
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• pp.509-546
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• 2009

Joseon was a Confucian dynasty. It was ruled by Kings of the Royal family that had secured the orthodoxy of clan rules under Confucian ideas. Royal family was the main prop of Confucian culture and Kings were leaders who leaded society and culture from the top. Therefore, Kings should complete more strict and intense education than noblemen. The Royal family and the government should have to establish prime educational environments and systems to foster successors qualified for the throne. This study focused on educational institutes and educational ceremonies. Study on educational institutes could clarify the purposes of educational institutes that were installed along the growth of throne successors and the educational courses that successors completed by each period. On the other hand, study on educational ceremonies could make it clear how were throne successors given with authority and did they internalize the duty of sense as the leader to lead next generation. In addition, by tracing the form with which politics and education had combined each other through ceremonies, it could be learned that the ceremonies of Joseon Dynasty had have a unique 'educational function'.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze some problems of general high school and provide some promotion ways of general high school in Gyeongsangbuk-do in long and short term perspective, considering necessity for consolidating educational capacity of general high school which is in disadvantage due to high school diversity and special high school promotion policy. For this, first, the study explores educational policy basis of Park Geun-hye's government, educational policy direction of Gyeongsangbuk-do, educational situation of general high school in Gyeongbuk area, and main contents of educational capacity consolidation way of general high school. Main tasks of Gyeongsangbuk-do general high school educational capacity reconsideration based on the educational capacity consolidation way of Ministry of Education are (1) enlargement of autonomy for formation and operation of focused curriculum by guidance, (2) enlargement of guidance and vocational education for general high school student, (3) consolidation of support program for student at risk, and (4) consolidation of support for general high school High-up program. For these main tasks are fixed and operated in school successfully, the fixation of school responsible management system based on geological environment and trait of each general high school, the application of whole quality control in school management, and the formation of cooperative school organizational culture should be constructed. And specific practice tasks and strategies for Gyeongsangbuk-do general high school educational capacity reconsideration (the cultivation of grobal democratic citizen, human being image in 2009 revised curriculum, and 'talented people with new thinking and genuine mind' of Gyeongsangbuk-do) are provided.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.127-152
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• 2014

Supplemental Educational Services (SES) are government initiated tutoring services to strengthen basic skills of academically underachieving students and thus close achievement gaps among students. Recently, however, the direction of SES has shifted its gear away from the test-driven accountability system in the United States (US) and Korea. Based on related literature, official documents, and statistics data, this study investigates major aspects of SES in the US and Korea, suggesting implications for future SES in the two countries. Major findings illustrate; 1) SES both in the US and Korea aim to serve students with underachievement yet place a primary emphasis on academics, 2) the US and Korea show contrasting results of SES in students' academic achievement, 3) the US and Korea use different approaches in selecting SES participants, which is closely related to equality in educational opportunities, 4) the major difference between the US and Korea is the openness of real markets for SES. Based on these findings, this study proposes practical implications for future SES in Korea and the US.