• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2020

In order to accommodate the increase in urban population due to government-led national planning and economic growth, many buildings such as houses and business building were supplied. Although the building law was revised and managed to manage the supplied buildings, for the sake of economic benefit, there have been buildings that are enlarged or reconstructed without declaring building permits. In order to manage these buildings, on-site surveys were conducted. but it has many personnel consumption. To solve this problem, a method of using a satellite image and a manned aircraft is utilized, but it is diseconomical and a renewal cycle is long. In addition, it is not utilized to the height, and although it is judged by the shading of the building, it has limitations that it must be calculated individually. In this study, height of the building was calculated by using the unmanned aerial vehicle with low personnel consumption, and the accuracy was verified by comparison with the building register and measured value. In this study, spatial information was constructed using a fast unmanned aerial vehicle with low manpower consumption and the building height was calculated based on this. The accuracy by comparing the calculated building height with the building register and the actual measurement.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.77-92
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• 2023

The aim of the study is to analyze urban characteristics that affect carbon emissions of buildings. The analysis was conducted at the level of 424 administrative districts in Seoul. The main variables used in the analysis were energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings published in the Seoul Metropolitan Government's energy information platform 2021. It was found that carbon emissions per unit building were high in Jongno, Gangnam, Guro, and Mok-dong. A regression analysis using the spatial lag model (SLM) identifies that the variables that affect the carbon emissions of buildings were; commercial, educational, business and industrial facility variables as built environment factor; number of residents; traffic volume, number of bus routes and number of subway stations as transportation facilities factors; and environmental factors such as green area and river area.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.455-464
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• 2023

Seismologists now suggest that the earth has entered an active seismic period; many earthquake-related events are occurring globally. Consequently, numerous casualties, as well as economic losses due to earthquakes, have been reported in recent years. Primarily, significant and colossal damage occurs in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill wall systems, and the construction of these types of structures have increased worldwide. According to a report from the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Korea, many buildings were built with RC frames with masonry infill walls in the Republic of Korea during the 1980s. For years, most structures of this type have been school buildings, and since the Pohang earthquake in 2017, the government of the Republic of Korea has paid close attention to this social event and focused on damage from earthquakes. From a long-term research perspective, damage from structural collapse due to the short column effect has been a major concern, specifically because the RC frame with a masonry infill wall system is the typical form of structure for school buildings. Therefore, the short column effect has recently been a major topic for research. This study compares one RC frame with four different types of RC frames with masonry infill wall systems. Structural damage due to the short column effect is clearly analyzed, as the result of this research is giving in a higher infill wall system produces a greater shear force on the connecting point between the infill wall system and the column. The study is expected to be a useful reference for research on the short column effect in RC frames with masonry infill wall systems.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 2009

No.87 Sogong-dong where is the Chosun hotel stand. There was the Nambeol-gung(south ern royal villa) which had been a reception hall for enboys of the toadied country before Hwangudan圜丘壇 being set up in the year 1897. The site of the Nambeol-gung was Gyeongjeong慶貞 princess's a lot for house in the early 15th century. But after princess's death, it occurred property dispute between her son and four daughters. As a result of the dispute, a lot and a house of all the princess's properties reverted to the government. At reverted this lot was established a big royal villa in the year 1583 and that royal villa was granted to Uian prince. The villa reverted to the government again when the Uian義安 prince was dead in 12 years old by an epidemic. After the Imjin Invasion壬辰倭亂, another houses and buildings got to be role as a palace because of all the palace in the capital was burnt down to ashes. Among others Nambeol-gung was brought into play as the royal audience chamber. As well as, the villa became brought out role as a reception hall for enboys of the toadied country instead of a damaged reception hall the Taepyong-gwan太平館. In period when the envoy didn't come, the Nambeol-gung was used to extraordinary office of government like Dogam都監. This situation is to mean that the Nambeol-gung is not the royal villa any more. Because of the Nambeol-gung was built as a royal villa, that spaces were composited like space of house and palace. But this spatial composition and spatial name were not fit to hold a ceremony of government office. After all, Nambeol-gung was used change only the spatial name conform to ceremony of office keep up the spatial composition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.33-43
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• 2019

Considerable efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emission around the world to cope with climate change. The government is implementing G-SEED certification to promote energy efficient building design. This study aims to verify the effectiveness of the G-SEED certification system by analyzing the actual energy use of certified and non-certified office buildings. For this purpose, the energy consumption of 135 certified and 142 non-certified office buildings was analyzed according to the seasonal characteristics, building size and number of floors, approval year, and certification grade. The energy saving effects of certified buildings was about 50% higher than that of non-certified buildings. The seasonal energy consumption of buildings is closely related to the heating degree-days. The energy consumption of certified and non-certified buildings decreases with increasing approval year. On the other hand, the energy consumption according to building size and certification grade is not related. This study provides meaningful basic data of G-SEED certification system for future improvement. As the building energy performance standards are strengthened over the years, it is necessary to make the individual score of G-SEED certified projects open to the public to configure the factors of energy efficiency.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.2 s.30
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.150-165
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the original position, the writer of signboard handwriting and the period of Wibongmun and Joyangru in order to restore Wibongmun and Joyangru which have been designated as tangible cultural properties (有形文化財). They also have to be moved in the Gangwon Provincial Office. Wibongmun and Joyangru were established as government offices in chuncheon(春川官衙) and they were used as attached buildings in Chunceon (春川離宮) in 1890. Wibongmun was moved to Gangwon Provincial Office 5 times and Joyangru was moved twice. In order to move them back to the original place, by using the topographic map made by the Japanese Government-General in Korea, we find out Joyangru was located in the exit of Gangwon Provincial Office and greenhouse and we also figure out Wibongmun was located in the garden. While we study historical evidence on handwriting, we also find out the handwriting of Joyangmun was written by Songhaong (松下翁) Jo, Yun-Hyeong (曺允亨). Especially, Joyangru had played a role as a government office and it may be called 'Joyangru' after reconstructing 'Joyangmun' when attached buildings were established. Through this study, we found that the first period and reason of establishing Wibongmun and Joyangru was at least before 1788. Through this study, we can find the period of both and its historic meaning more clearly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2018

At the Bank of Korea, capital stock statistics were created by the PIM (perpetual inventory method) with fixed capital formation data. Asset classifications also included 2 categories in residential buildings, 4 non-residential buildings, 14 constructions, 9 transportation equipment, 28 machinery, and 2 intangible fixed assets. It is the Korean government accounting system which is developed much with the field of the national accounts including the valuation, but until 2008 it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. Many countries, including Korea, were single-entry bookkeeping, not double-entry bookkeeping which can be aggregated by government accounting standard account. There was no distinction in journaling between revenue and capital expenditure when it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. For example, we would like to appropriately divide the past budget accounts and the settlement accounts data that have been spent on dredging into capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. It, then, tries to add the capital expenditure calculated to FCF (fixed capital formation), because revenue expenditure is cost for maintenance etc. This could be a new direction, especially, in the estimation of capital stock by the perpetual inventory method for infrastructure (SOC, social overhead capital). It should also be noted that there are differences not only between capital and income expenditure but also by other factors. How long will this difference be covered by the difference between the 'new series' and 'old series' methodologies? In addition, there is no large difference between two series by the major asset classification level. If this is treated as a round-off error, this is a problem.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2020

The Korean government has a plan to mandate zero-energy buildings in 2020 for public and 2025 for private buildings. In order to design a zero-energy building, insulation and airtightness, which are the most basic elements of passive house technology, are required, and the government has been accomplished this through step-by-step strengthening of related standards. In passive house with high thermal insulation and airtightness performance, the heat introduced into the building through solar radiation can be stored for a long time to keep the inside warm during winter. On the other hand, during summer, heat introduced into the building cannot be easily released to outside, so it is necessary to actively block solar radiation and high temperature outdoor air to prevent an increase of indoor temperature. Therefore, this study aims to derive an appropriate operation condition of passive house to maintain the indoor temperature at an suitable level according to the ventilation methods and solar shading conditions. As a result, under the conditions that the outdoor temperature was 28℃ or less, the ventilation using a heat recovery ventilation system at daytime and natural ventilation at nighttime were selected for the most appropriate operation method. In addition, in the case of solar shading, it was found that blocking solar radiation at daytime using the blind and open the blind at nighttime to ensure natural ventilation were selected for the most appropriate solar shading condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Beopseongpo has been one of the most thriving ports of the Jeolla region since the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). During the time of King Seongjong (r. 1469-1494) of Choseon Dynasty, a navy garrison had been deployed and the port was named Beopseongjin, as recorded in the 1485 edition of Grand code for state administration (Gyeongguk daejeon). Dangsan forests and Bibo forests have been maintained by local residents since hundreds of years ago. Dangsan forests have been applied to the scale of government and public offices. The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of the "Wooded Fortress of Beopseongjin in Yeonggwang" as "Scenic Site No. 22", and to investigate the conservational problem of the wooded fortress of Beopseongjin and seashore. The "Wooded fortress of Beopseongjin in Yeonggwang" consists of a Dangsan forest and two Bibo forests. But, the presence of the Dangsan forest has not been well known to the public. Although the wooded fortress has been somewhat disturbed by cultural activities, the Dangsan rituals have been held until the present every January 15 by lunar calendar. On the other hand, the seashore in front of Beopseongpo plays an important role as a scenic view. It was one of the reason that the "Wooded fortress of Beopseongjin in Yeonggwang" had been designated as a national cultural property of "Scenic Sites". However, the sandbar was reclaimed in 2009 to build commercial buildings. An integrated plan should be prepared to conserve the landscape of "Wooded fortress of Beopseongjin in Yeonggwang", which requires close partnership among local residents, experts, and local government. At present, four new buildings have been built. Although we have lost the sandbar, it is indispensable to secure the visibility of Wooded Fortress of Beopseongjin at the entrance of the village.