• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.47-51
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• 2003

본 연구는 용도별 토양에 대찬 중금속 및 불소 농도 특성을 알아보기 위하여 비교적 오염 개연성이 구분될 것으로 판단되는 도로, 공장, 학교운동장, 적환장, 공원, 약수터 주변 등, 그동안 비교적 조사 자료가 부족하였던 토양을 대상으로 한강 남쪽에 위치한 11개 구청(양천구, 강서구, 구로구, 영등포구, 관악구, 동작구, 강남구, 강동구, 서초구)에서 6개의 용도별로 시료를 채취하여 pH, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, F 항목을 분석하였다. 조사 결과 용도별 토양의 pH는 4.7~9.5의 범위로 나타났으며, 중금속 및 불소 평균 농도는 Cd 0,391mg/kg, Cu 12.354mg/kg, Pb 13.04mg/kg, Hg 0.0866mg/kg, F 206.8mg/kg이었다. 용도별 토양에 대한 최대, 최저 농도는 Cd이 잡종지 0.632mg/kg, 학교용지 0.079mg/kg, Cu는 도로용지 21.354mg/kg, 학교용지 2.159mg/kg, Pb은 도로용지 24.70mg/kg, 학교용지 1.03mg/kg, Hg은 잡종지 0.1780mg/kg, 학교용지 0.0087mg/kg, F의 경우 임야 282.0mg/kg, 학교용지164.9mg/kg로 나타나서 전체적으로 Cd, Cu, Hg은 대부분 적환장으로 이용되고 있는 잡종지가, Pb은 도로용지에서 각각 높은 농도를 나타내었고, F는 임야 지역을 대상으로 한 토양에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 그러나 학교용지는 Cd, Cu Pb, Hg, F등에서 상대적으로 다른 용도별 토양보다 낮은 농도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 1996

The aim of this study is to compare open space planning between Australia and Korea by Local Governments Areas. Open space planning is carried out at the state and municipal level in Australia, but by metropolitan city government in Korea. This study is structured by reviewing the presemt phenomena of provision of open space in Sydney and Seoul, By measuring disparity in terms of open spaces by L. G. A. s an by comparing planning approaches between two cities, for example policy, government standards, government administration system in open space management. In this paper, the provision of parks in Sydney and Seoul are comparatively examined and geographically mapped, and multiple repression analysis is applied to measure the residuals from the line of equality. The results of this study show that, 1) During the last 1 dacade from '80 and '90. Sydney has increased the quantity of open spaces from ratio of 19.11ha/1000 to 22.33ha/1000 of parks, however Seoul decreased it by the ratio of 12.21$m^2$/person to 1012$m^2$ per person. 2) Sydney has more programs, such as Greenspace program, Metropolitan open space program etc. to increase and to distribute open spaces equally rather than Seoul which has less open spaces. 3) There exists patterned inequality in terms of open space provision in inner city and suburb between Sydney and Seoul. 4) Seoul requires more active polices to increase open spaces like Greenacre Program of New Jerrsey State, Double Open Space Pland of Tokyo or Green Space Program of Sydney.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.429-439
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• 2011

This article described the comparison of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation and the classical method established by National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) for the determination of pesticide residues in livestock products using GC-tandem mass spectrometry. The classical method by NVRQS used liquid-liquid partioning followed by evaporizing. The modified QuEChERS entailed extraction of 2 g sample with 15 ml acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid followed by addition of 6 g anhydrous magnesium sulfate and 1.5 g sodium acetate. After centrifugation, 6 ml of the extract underwent a cleanup step (in a technique known as column-based solid phase extraction) using 400 mg each of $C_{18}$ and primary secondary amine sorbents plus 1,200 mg magnesium sulfate. The quantitation of individual pesticides by both methods was based on tissue standard calibration curves with a correlation coefficient in excess of 0.98 for the 24 pesticides. The detection limits by the classical method were ranged 1.3~5.0 ${\mu}g$/kg, with mean recoveries between 76.2% and 114.3% except aldrin (59.3%) and deltamethrin (63.6%). The detection limits by modified QuEChERS were ranged 0.3~6.2 ${\mu}g$/kg, with mean recoveries between 68.0% and 114.3% except dimethipin (152.6%), chlorfenvinphos (138.1%), 4,4-DDT (61.5%), aldrin (60.4%) and chinomethionate (30.3%).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2024

Background: Migraine is a common disabling headache that affects every aspect of a person's life. Auricular acupuncture is a cost-effective treatment modality for the management of painful neurological conditions. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of a combination of ear points in the management of migraines. However, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of a single auricular point (i.e., sympathetic point) in migraine. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of sympathetic points on pain intensity and depression levels in patients with migraine. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 100 patients with migraine aged 18-45 years were randomly divided into either an auricular acupuncture group (AAG) (n = 50) or a placebo control group (PCG) (n = 50). The AAG underwent needling at the sympathetic point (an auricular acupuncture point), whereas the PCG underwent needling at a non-acupuncture point for 20 minutes daily for 7 days. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention using a 6-item headache impact test (HIT-6) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16. Results: In within-group analysis, the AAG showed a significant reduction in HIT-6 and BDI, whereas the PCG showed a significant increase in HIT-6 and a significant reduction in BDI. In between-groups analyses, HIT-6 reduced significantly in the AAG compared with that in the PCG, whereas BDI reduced significantly in the PCG compared with that in the AAG. Conclusion: In patients with migraine, needling at the sympathetic point produces a greater reduction in the pain intensity level and lesser reduction in the depression level compared to needling at a non-acupuncture point.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.904-908
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• 2007

The protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia has been major cause of waterborne enteric disease. In this study, we tried to identify G. lamlbia of human infectious species and to detect viable C. lamblia in river water samples including three sites of Han River mainstream and an its creek using PCR and RT-PCR technique. The PCR/RT-PCR methods were performed by using giardin primer based on the giardin gene targeting ventral disk of Giardia. Sensitivity testing in the DNA/RNA extraction and PCR/RT-PCR amplification steps showed that it was possible to detect a single cyst of G. lamblia and viable G. lamblia. The PCR/RT-PCR methods were compared with immunofluorescence(IF) assay by analyzing 48 samples collected from the mainstream water and the creek water. The mean concentration of the total cysts were 6.3 cysts/10 L(arithmetic mean, n = 48) and the positive detection rate were 62.5%(30/48). And the mean concentration of the cysts excluding empty cysts were 4.5 cysts/10 L and the positive detection rate were 52.1%(25/48). It resulted that 24 of 48 samples included Giardia lamblia by PCR assay and 10 of 48 samples included viable G. lamblia by RT-PCR assay. It resulted that the PCR/RT-PCR technique would be available to river water samples with low concentration of Giardia cysts. And it could support the Korean protozoan standard method, which provides useful information for species and viability.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2016

Recently, a research regarding calculation of construction time extension-oriented incidental costs has been intensively suggested in quantitative aspect and recent studies on system improvement has been made continuously. In the case of Domestic Public Construction Works, State Contract Act is applied when the client is government whereas Local Government Contract Act is done when the client is local government, but more meticulous study is required because improvement plan is not proposed even there is a clear demand for improvement of these problems on calculation standard. Thus this study suggested appropriate standard by comparing each the calculation standards followed by 'State Contract Act' and 'Local Government Contract Act', considering the problems accorded, and analyzing field cases. Calculation method of other expenses was differently regulated as the revision of each regulation, and this demonstrates that there is a difference of actual cost from 12.37% to 24.95%. It is shown that less cost of construction time were calculated than actual cost according to a problem of calculation method by State Contract Act as the rate at the time of contract to be applied in other expense rate. This study suggested the rate against incidental cost and the rate of other expense per day against total construction cost as an appropriate rate calculation for other expense based on field database.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present the applicability to the effective survey into the actual condition of lands such as analysis of occupied location of government owned lands based on orthoimages created from aerial photographs taken by UAV. The boundary point coordinates and areas of the parcels were observed respectively by VRS-GNSS surveying and orthoimages for each land use of two categories of land, i.e. building site and farmland. As a result of comparing boundary point coordinates and areas extracted from UAV orthoimages with VRS-GNSS surveying data which were used as reference data, the RMS error of the coordinates for the boundary points was ±0.074m for both X and Y in the building site, and ±0.150m and ±0.127m for the X and Y respectively in the farmland. The positional error of the boundary point was 1.7~ 2 times higher in the farmland than in the building site where the boundary points were relatively clear. The RMS error of ±8.964㎡ of areas in the farmland was 4.7 times higher than that of ±1.898㎡ of areas in the building site. The area errors of all 22 parcels measured from the orthoimage were found to be within the allowed error range, indicating that it is feasible to apply the orthoimage generated by UAV to survey of government owned lands in terms of accuracy.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.367-385
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• 2021

This study examined changes in the energy landscape, focusing on the photovoltaic module carbon certification system. As the global photovoltaic market has been reorganized around Chinese companies, the South Korean government has pushed to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation's photovoltaic industry. However, a limitation remains in that the government-led effort was not sufficient to bring about dynamic changes in the energy landscape. Against this backdrop, this study explored the stages leading to the multi-level perspectives of "macro-environment, socio-technical regime, and niche" to track the process of the government and domestic photovoltaic companies as part of a socio-technical regime responding to global market changes. In particular, this study raised an issue with the conceptual discussion of multi-level perspective, which placed a particular emphasis on the rate of change at each level and the niche in which innovative experiments take place, and thus attempted to fill this gap by tracking the energy landscape that varies differently from space. These spatial discussions can track different carbon emissions coefficients and industrial characteristics for each country, and have a higher level of explanatory power for the system thus constructed. In addition, through discussions on the problems and implications of the government-led introduction of renewable energy policies, this study suggests the need to create and implement a field-oriented system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the implications of the rural living area setting and rural spatial structure analysis of the rural spatial strategy plan through case analysis. Following the decentralization of autonomy and the promotion of the transfer of state affairs to local areas, some of the general agricultural and fishing village development projects of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs were transferred to local areas. In addition, in 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs introduced a rural agreement system for 113 cities and counties. However, since the understanding of the field is still low, this study attempted to present implications through a case analysis of the structure of rural space and the establishment of rural living areas in three local governments in Chungcheong. As a result of the study, in the stage of establishing the living zone, it is necessary to comprehensively review the contents reviewed in the analysis of the current status and conditions. However, the two local governments had insufficient interpretation of the axis by function and the establishment of the base area, or were using the upper plan as it was. Second, the source of the data used in the survey on the distribution status of living SOC facilities is unclear. Since the distribution status of living SOC facilities overlaps with accessibility analysis, OD data analysis, and resident survey results and is used as the basis for setting living areas, the data source should be clearly marked, and verification should be possible. Third, amenity (facility) resources were classified and analyzed according to the conditions and characteristics of local governments. The local government that applied the guidelines as they were was A local government, and the remaining local governments conducted surveys and analysis according to the current status. Forth, since the establishment of the rural living area is the minimum unit supported by government policies through future rural agreements, it is necessary to distinguish them based on quantitative standards in the process of establishing them. Only one case area presented clear grounds and standards, and the rest of the case areas presented standards but are based on non-quantitative standards. In order for rural agreements to be sustainable in the future and benefit local residents, it is necessary to use or establish a government-level institution that can collect and produce objective data. In addition, it is necessary to find ways to specify and standardize the standards for setting the living area and specify them in the guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate 253 kinds of pesticide residues in 58 commercial dried agricultural products in Seoul. The determinations of the pesticide residues were performed using multiresidue methods and were carried out by a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector ($GC-{\mu}ECD$), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), and a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The pesticide residue detection rate in the commercial dried agricultural products was 24.1% (14 of 58 samples). Twelve pesticide residues without maximum residue limits (MRLs) were detected. In the vegetable groups, the frequency of pesticide residues was found to be in the increasing order of dried fruiting vegetables > dried leafy vegetables > dried stalk and stem vegetables. The pesticides used on dried red pepper in the dried fruiting vegetables were varied (7 kinds) and numerous (4 of 8 samples). The pesticide types detected in the commercial dried agricultural products were in the order of pyrethroid > organochloride > organophosphorus and insecticide > fungicide > herbicide ${\cdot}$ nematicide. The primary pyrethroid pesticide detected was cypermethrin. According to the producing areas of products, large numbers of pesticide residues were found in the order of Korea, China, North Korea, USA, and Vietnam.