• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.214-218
• /
• 2001

The mechanisms responsible for the antidiabetic activity of both the white ginseng radix (Ginseng Radix Alba, GRA) and the rootlet (Cinseng Radix Palva, GRP) were investigated. After a four week oral administration, the fasting blood glucose levels in the GRA- and GRP-treated groups were lower when compared to the control group. To elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanism(s) of the ginseng radices, glucose absorption from the small intestine, hepatic hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, in addition to PPAR-${\gamma}$ expression in adipose tissue were examined. The results strongly suggest that GRA can improve hyperglycemia in KKAy mice, possibly by blocking intestinal glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, and GRP through the upregulation of adipocytic PPAR-$\gamma$ protein expression as well as inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.450-460
• /
• 1995

The acute toxicity of fthalide in rat was studied in vivo by the observations of the changes in hematogram, serological parameters, content of cytochrome p-450, activities of NADPH-cytochrom c reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and the contents of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase in liver. Fthabde is a practically non-toxic substance(LD50 is 3.86g/kg), but rats were intoxicated with fthabde at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg for 12 days. WBC were significantly decreased and activities of ALT and LDH, on the cotrary, the content of glucose in serum were slightly increased. Cytochrome p-450 and lipid peroxide in liver were significantly increased in the fthalide-intoxicated rats. The longer administration of fthalide showed further increase of carboxylesterase activity in liver and serum, but decrease of activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and cholinesterase in liver and serum. These results show that fthatide can induce the hepatocellular injury and neurotoxicity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.376-381
• /
• 1995

내열성 alkaline phosphatase의 탐색을 위해 극도호열균중에서 Thermus caldophilus GK24 균주를 선정하였다. 이 균주를 이용하여 basal salts에 sodium glutamate, bactotryptone, glucose 및 yeast extract를 첨가시킨 배지에서 alkaline phosphatase 생산을 검토하였다. 그 결과 sodium glutamate가 alkaline phosphatase 유도에 효과적인 것으로 판명되었다. Alkaline phosphatase 생산을 위한 최적유도용 배지는 basal salts에 0.3% sodium glutamate, 0.2% bactotryptone, 0.5% glucose를 첨가한 것으로 효소활성은 기본배지보다 약 6배, 표준배지 보다는 약 27.5배 증가하였다. T. caldophilus GK24 alkaline phosphatase는 유도효소로 판명되었다. 무기인산 결핍시에 효소가 생산되며, 생육배지에 무기인산을 첨가하면 효소합성에 저해효과가 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.643-649
• /
• 2002

This study was done to investigate effects of ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork feeding on the formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P$^{+}$) foci, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P450 system and microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase activity in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weaning Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diet containing ${\gamma}$-irradiated ground pork at the dose of 0, 3, 10, 30 kGy as a 20％ of protein source for 8 weeks. One week after feeding, rats were intraperitoneally injected twice with a dose of DEN (50 mg/kg BW). As a promote.,0.05％phenobarbital was fed in drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. At the end of 8th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci, microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene contents were determined. In addition, cytochrome P450 content and the activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6-phosphatase were also measured. There was no significant effect by gamma irradiation on microsomal MDA content, conjugated diene, cytochrome P450 content and activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6-phosphatase. However with DEN treatment, microsomal MDA content showed a increasing tendency. Cytochrome P450 content was also significantly increased while microsomal glucose 6-phophatase activity was significantly decreased with DEN treatment. However the activity of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase was not affected. An interesting finding in this study was that the number and area of hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci of rats fed gamma irradiated pork were tended to be decreased by high dose of irradiation, but were not significantly different. These results might imply that the consumption of low dose of gamma irradiated pork does not affect the formation of hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci and lipid peroxide and membrane stability.ability.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2010

A bacterial strain with phytase and glucose-1-phosphatase activity was isolated from seawater. The colony was identified as an Enterobacter cloacae strain and named E. cloacae B11. A gene, agpEnB11, coding for an intracellular acid glucose phosphatase was cloned from the strain and sequenced. It comprised 1,242 nucleotides and encoded a polypeptide of 413 amino acids. Recombinant glucose-1-phosphatase (AgpEn) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA column under native conditions. Purified protein displayed a single band of 47 kDa on SDS-PAGE. AgpEn hydrolyzed a wide variety of phosphorylated compounds, with high activity for glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. Enzyme activity was stimulated by $Ca^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$, and inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 1998

In this study, rat hepatocytes known to have active glucose metabolism were obtained to investigate the hypoglycemic action of fat soluble fraction of red ginseng by using the liver perfusion technique and incubated in two different media-one containing insulin and glucagon (control group), and the other containing glucagon only The activities of main regulating enzymes, such as glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenate, and glucose 6-phosphatase, related to metabolic pathways of glucose in these two kinds of hepatocytes were compared between these two groups and the effects of addition of fat soluble fraction ($10^1$~$10^4$%) from red ginseng to these two groups on these enzymes were also detected. The results were as follows. The specific activity of enzymes such as glucokinase, flucorse 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase related to glucose-consuming pathways of insulin-deficient group was much less than control one. However, their decreased activity was recovered after the addition of fat-soluble fraction at all range of concentrations. The specific activity of these enzymes after the addition of ginseng components to the control group was also increased. On the other hand, the specific activity of glucose 6-phosphatase related to glucose-producing pathway of insulin-deficient group was much higher than control one, but their increased activity was decreased obviously after the addition of fat soluble fraction at all range of concentrations. The same results were observed after the addition of fat-soluble fraction to the control group. These results suggest that the red ginseng saponin components might be effective on diabetic hyperglycemia by regulating the activity of enzymes related to glucose metabolism directly and/or indirectly. The effects of fat-soluble fraction ($10^2$%) and ginsenosides (mixture, $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$, $10^4$%) on hypoglycemic action were compared. As a result, they showed considerable effect on hyperglycemia, but the best eff ect on the activities of glucokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was appeared by ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphatase was by ginsenoside mixture.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.638-645
• /
• 1999

This study was done to investigate effects of ${\gamma}$ irradiated beef feeding on the formation of gluta thione S transferase placental form positive(GST P+) foci, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P450 system and microsomal glucose 6 phosphate activity in diethylnitrosamine(DEN) initiated rat hepatocarci nogenesis. Weaning Sprague Dawley male rats were fed the diet containing ${\gamma}$ irradiatied ground beef at the dose of 0, 3, 5kGy as a 20% of protein source for 8 weeks. One week after feeding, rats were intraperitoneally injected twice with a dose of DEN(50mg/kg BW). As a promoter, 0.05% phenobarbital was fed in drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. At the end of 8th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic GST P+ foci, microsomal malondialdehyde(MDA) and conjugated diene contents were determined. In addition, cytochrome P450 content and the activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6 phosphatase were also measured. There was no significant effect by gamma irradiation on microsomal MDA content, conjugated diene, cytochrome P450 content and activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6 phosphatase. However with DEN treatment, microsomal MDA content and conjugated diene contents were significantly changed. Cytochrome P450 content was also significantly increased while microsomal glucose 6 phophatase activity was significantly decreased with DEN treatment. However activity of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase was not affected. An interesting finding in this study was that the number and area of hepatic GST P+ foci of the rats fed gamma irradiated beef were significantly(p<0.05) lower than those of the control. Such a lowering effect on GST P+ foci formation was highest at the dose of 3kGy than others. Overall results suggest that the consumption of low dose of gamma irradiated beef does not affect the formation of lipid peroxide, cytochrome P450 system and membrane stability.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제13권3_4호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 1998

Paraquat is a useful nonselective herbicide widely used throughout the world. However, accidental or intentional ingestion of the paraquat cause fetal pulmonary injuring. But there is not suitable antidote of paraquat intoxication and therapeutic agents now be used are not effective. So, in this study we intended to evaluate the inhibitory effects of DDB(dimethyl-4,4'dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxyphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate) on paraquat toxicity. DDB (100mg/kg) was administered orally to SD rats lhr after paraquat(50mg/kg) injection. After 24 hours, the biochemical parameters of blood and tissues were examined. In paraquat treated groups sGPT, sGOT, BUN, creatinine, MDA and alkaline phosphatase levels in blood and MDA, glucose-6-phosphatase activity in tissues were elevated by 2 to 5 times of normal values. However in schizandrin treated groups, sGPT, sGOT, MDA and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood and MDA and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were significantly decreased to notmal levels but not in biochemical parameters of nephrotoxicity, BUN and creatinine levels. Therefore, we concluded that schizandrin can be used as an antidote of pulmono, hepatotoxicity of paraquat.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 1991

Effects of forced physical exercise on the CCl4 hepatotoxicity were examined in adult female rats. Rats were treated with CCl4 (2 mmol/kg, ip) and introduced into a cylindrical cage rotating at 9 rpm for 20 min/hr for 6 hr. Eighteen hr following the termination of exercise serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were determined as parameters for hepatotoxicity. Physical exercise inhibited the $CCI_{4-}$induced increases in SDH, GOT, GPT activity, and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were determined as parameters for hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.418-426
• /
• 1990

발암물질인 2-acetylaminofluorence(2-AAF)과 Choline 결핍이 서로 다른 지방을 섭취한 쥐간의 지질과산물, Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase)와 Glutathione S-transferase(GST) 활성도에 미치는 영향을 연구 하였다. 식이 지방은 쇠기름과 옥수수유를 사용하였으며 각 식이 지방군을 Choline 결핍군과 대조군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 식이섭취 3주와 5주째, 2-AAF 처리군과 비처리군으로 나누어 처리군에 매주 2회씩 총4회 2-AAF를 주사 한 뒤 식이섭취 10주 루 동물을 희생 시켰다. MIcrosome의 지질과산화물 함량은 2-AAF와 Choline결핍(CD)식이에 의해 옥수수유 군에서 증가하여 지질과산화 반응에 있어 2-AAF와 CD식이의 역활이 쇠기름을 섭취하였을때 보다 옥수수유를 섭취한 경우 더 중요함을 알 수 있었다. Microsome의 G6Pase활성은 유의적이지는 않으나 2-AAF와 CD식이에 의해 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 옥수수유의 섭취에 의해서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. GST활성은 식이지방에 따라 2-AAF나 CD식이에 의해 증가하였으며 이때 증가된 GST는 발암물질의 대사와 지질과산화물 형성에 대해 방어 작용을 한것으로 보인다.