• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2003

The ecological process-based approach provides a detailed assessment of belowground compartment as one of the major compartment of carbon balance. Carbon net balance (NEP: net ecosystem production) in forest ecosystems by ecological process-based approach is determined by the balance between net primary production (NPP) of vegetation and heterotrophic respiration (HR) of soil (NEP=NPP-HR). Respiration due to soil heterotrophs is the difference between total soil respiration (SR) and root respiration (RR) (HR=SR-RR, NEP=NPP-(SR-RR)). If NEP is positive, it is a sink of carbon. This study assessed the forest carbon balance by ecological process-based approach included belowground compartment intensively. The case study in the Takayama Station, cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest was reported. From the result, NEP was estimated approximately 1.2 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$ in 1996. Therefore, the study area as a whole was estimated to act as a sink of carbon. According to flux tower result, the net uptake rate of carbon was 1.1 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the balance of motion between the left and right using a wearable sensor during upper limb exercise using an exercise equipment. Eight participants were asked to perform upper limb exercise using exercise equipment, and exercise data were measured through IMU sensors attached to both wrists. As a result of the PCA test, Euler Yaw(Left: 0.65, Right: 0.75), Roll(Left: 0.72, Right: 0.58), and Gyro X(Left: 0.64, Right: 0.63) were identified as the main components in the Butterfly exercise, and Euler Pitch(Left: 0.70, Right 0.70) and Gyro Z(Left: 0.70, Right: 0.71) were identified as the main components in the Lat pull down exercise. As a result of the Paired-T test of the Euler value, Yaw's Peak to Peak at Butterfly exercise and Roll's Mean, Yaw's Mean and Period at Lat pull down exercise were smaller than the significance level of 0.05, proving meaningful difference was found. In the Symmetry Index and Symmetry Ratio analysis, 89% of the subjects showed a tendency of dominant limb maintaining relatively higher angular movement performance then non-dominant limb as the Butterfly exercise proceeds. 62.5% of the subjects showed the same tendency during the Lat pull down exercise. These experimental results indicate that meaningful difference at balance of motion was found according to an increase in number of exercise trials.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Purpose : This research was carried out to find how neck exercise program combined with self stretching and muscle strengthening program influences on smart phone addicts with forward head posture. Methods : The subjects of this study were 20 smart phone-addicts with forward head posture and we divided them into 2 groups. The experimental group(10 people) participated in neck exercise program as a intervention for 3 months and the control group(the other 10 people) didn't participate in neck exercise program. Neck exercise program were composed of self stretching and muscle strengthening program. Then we measured cervical alignment with GPS(Global Posture System) and evaluated balance ability with Balance Master ver 7.0 systems. Results : The result were as follows. 1. After the intervention, experimental group were significantly more closed to normal cervical alignment than control group. 2. After the intervention, experimental group increased in dynamic balance ability a little more than control group. Conclusion : Neck exercise program seems to get cervical alignment better and improve balance ability.

• 정보학연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2002

최근 기업들의 주요 관심사는 세계적 통합활동과 지역활동과의 올바른 균형을 이루기 위한 적합한 사업 활동장소를 발견하고자 하는 것이다. 본 논문은 정보기술을 통하여 글로벌화가 가능할 것이라는 연구검토 안을 제시한다. 자료 수집 과정에서 글로벌화가 되기 위해 노력하는 지역에 초점을 맞추고 있고 경험적인 증거를 바탕으로 글로벌화에 대한 자료수집을 수행하는 것은 그리 바람직하지 않는다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 결과적으로 글로벌화에 역행하는 제한요인들이 존재할 수 있으며 이들을 부문별로 분류할 수 있다. 즉 지리적 제한 요인, 관계적 제한 요인 그리고 환경적 제한 요인들이다. 여기서는 이러한 요인들을 감소시키기 위한 정보 기술의 역할을 분석하며 그리고 이와 관련된 사례 연구에 대하여 제안하고자 한다. 정보 기술은 지리적 및 관계적 제한 요인들을 줄이기 위해 사용될 수 있다. 그러나 환경 적 제한요인에는 영향을 미치지 않는다. 그러나 후자의 제한요인의 범위가 향후 미래에는 보다 더 두드러지게 나타날 것으로 예측된다. 그러므로 정보기술은 세계적 통합으로 발전하는 글로벌화 쪽으로 균형을 맞추어 나갈 것이며 이러한 과정에서 새로운 문제점이 발생할 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.1074-1077
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• 2002

This paper proposes an adaptive pricing system with scheduling to balance the demand for contents and to realize an effective use of resources in contents delivery networks. In the proposed adaptive pricing system, the table of the service levels and prices (tariff) is shown to each user at the start of service and each user chooses one of the service classes. These prices are decided adaptively reflecting the congestion state of the networks. Then, by the proposed scheduling algorithm, these requests are scheduled so as to keep the service level agreements completely.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권3B호
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• pp.353-360
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• 1999

The global balance model is applied to investigate the transient behavior of the electron density and temperature in helicon plasmas. The power absorption calculated from the solutions of the Maxwell equations is used in solving the power balance equation. A balance model for the neutral gas is also considered to fins its density self-consistently. It is turned out that the numerical results reasonably explain consequences of the ion pumping effect including the occurrence of two distinct modes of pulsed helicon discharge which have been observed experimentally. The behavior of the discharge parameters are fond to be primarily dependent on the power absorption and the gas flow rate, but the pressure controls the electron density and temperature of the final steady state as well as the transient state even with the same flow rate. Finally, it is shown that the electron density virtually the linear relationship between the density and the magnetic field is retained for a higher pressure when the effect of the ion pumping is negligible.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2018

The substantial slowdown of economic growth since the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 is rekindling debate on whether developing Asia should use fiscal expansion to boost aggregate demand. A key factor in the debate is the effectiveness of countercyclical fiscal policy in the region. The global crisis, as well as the fiscal stimulus packages implemented by developing Asian countries at that time, give some clues to this important issue. The region weathered the global crisis well and experienced a robust V-shaped recovery. According to conventional wisdom, the fiscal stimulus packages put in place by Asian governments played a key role in the region's recovery. The central objective of this paper is to empirically test this wisdom by using cross-country panel data. Our main finding is that the stimulus has had a limited but positive impact on developing Asia's output during the global crisis. This lends some support to the notion that countercyclical fiscal policy can help the region cope with severe external shocks. The broader, more fundamental implication for regional policymakers is that the region's long-standing commitment to fiscal discipline can yield significant benefits beyond macroeconomic stability. An important consequence of this commitment - relatively healthy fiscal balance sheets - enabled the region's governments to quickly and decisively embark upon fiscal stimulus programs.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2023

This article will analyze and forecast important variables and dynamics in global power politics after the war in Ukraine. It tries to use several perspectives to analyze international relations, particularly liberal internationalism and structural realism. In short, core variables are as follows; First, how is the US-led liberal international order and globalization being adjusted? Second, how will the U.S.-China strategic competition, which is the biggest and structural variable, cause changes in the international order in the future? The third variable, how stable are Sino-Russia relations in the context of a structuring U.S.-China-Russia strategic new triangle? Fourth, to what extent will third middle hedging states outside the U.S. and China be able to exercise strategic autonomy in the face of multipolarization? To summarize, the first of these four variables is the largest basic variable at the global political and economic level in terms of its impact on the international community, and it has been led by the United States. The second variable, in terms of actors, seems to be the most influential structural variable in global competition, and the US-China strategic competition is likely to be a long game. Thus the world will not be able to escape the influence of the competition between the two global powers. For South Korea, this second variable is probably the biggest external variable and dilemma. The third variable, the stability of Sino-Russia relations, determines balance of global power in the 21st century. The U.S.-China-Russia strategic new triangle, as seen in the current war in Ukraine, will operate as the greatest power variable in not only global power competition but also changes in the international order. Just as the U.S. is eager for a Sino-Russia fragmentation strategy, such as a Tito-style wedge policy to manage balance of power in the early years of the Cold War, it needs a reverse Kissinger strategy to reset the U.S.-Russia relationship, in order to push for a Sino-Russia splitting in the 21st century. But with the war in Ukraine, it seems that this fragmentation strategy has already been broken. In the context of Northeast Asia, whether or not the stability of Sino-Russia relations depends not only on the United States, but also on the Korean Peninsula. Finally, the fourth variable is a dependent variable that emerged as a result of the interaction of the above three variables, but simultaneously it remains to be seen that this variable is likely to act as the most dynamic and independent variable that can promote multilateralism, multipolarization, and pan-regionalism of the global international community in the future. Taking into account these four variables together, we can make an outlook on the change in the international order.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2017

Companies are pursuing the management of small quantity batch production or JIT(Just-in-time) system for improving the delivery response and LOB(Line Balancing) in order to satisfy consumers' increasing demands in the current global economic recession. And in order to improve the growth of production for reducing manufacturing cost, improvements of the Load Balancing have become an important reformation factor. Thus this paper is aimed at warehouse which procures materials on the assembly line in procurement logistics of automotive logistics and proceed with research on heuristic algorithm development which can increase the Load Balancing of workers. As a result of this study, when applied the primary target value, it was verified that the whole workers decreased from 28 to 24. Furthermore, when specified the secondary target value and applied algorithm once more, it was verified that the Load Balance Ratio was improved from 44.96% to 91.7%.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2007

광릉 슈퍼사이트 내 원두부 소유역에서 지하수위변동법, 이온수지법, 수문곡선분리법 등 세가지 방법을 적용하여 지하수 함양률을 평가하고, 방법별 결과들을 비교하였다. 이를 위한 자료는 우기에 해당하는 2005년 6월부터 9월까지 취득하였다. 두 가지 다른 지하수위변동법으로는 각각 25.9%, 23.6%의 지하수 함양률이 산출되었고, 염소를 이용한 이온수지법은 평균 13.4%의 함양률이, 그리고 6개의 수문곡선과 염소 이온자료를 이용한 기저유출 분리법은 평균 14.0%의 순기저유출률이 산출되었다. 장기적으로 지하수 저장량의 변화가 없는 정류상태를 가정하는 이온수지법과 수문곡선 분리법에서 산출된 지하수 함양률이 지하수 함양으로 인해 지하수위의 상승과 저장량의 변화를 고려하는 지하수위변동법에서 산출된 지하수 함양률보다 작게 산정되었다. 따라서 수문순환의 동력학적 특성을 이해하는 측면에서는, 지하수위변동법에 의한 지하수 함양률 평가가 다른 방법들보다 우월함을 보인다.