• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

By delivering effective, in-situ conservation of biodiversity, OECMs can contribute to sustaining existing biodiversity values and improving biodiversity conservation outcomes. In this study, for the reporting of OECMs required by Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the site-level assessment of the Korea National Arboretum and Buffer Zones were conducted using the assessment tool of IUCN. The site-level assessment was carried out in three steps(step 1: screening, step 2 : consent for full assessment, step 3 : the full assessment). It was found that the criteria were satisfied except for the consent for full assessment, sustainability of governance and management arrangements, and the equity of governance and management. Although the governing authority, rights-holders or any other stakeholders could be identified, the step of acknowledging and agreeing to the full OECM assessment was not possible because the governance was not established. As a result of the assessment of equitable governance and management in the aspect of recognition, procedure, and distribution based on criterion(the equity of governance and management), it is judged that more specific measures are needed in the aspect of recognition. And in the aspect of procedure, there is no legal basis for participation in governance and collection of opinions, so it is judged that there is a limit to listening and reflecting the opinions of stakeholders. In the aspect of distribution, it is necessary to further confirm whether it provides direct benefits to rights-holders such as landowners in the region. And it is necessary to prepare specific criteria to assess the important biodiversity values. Therefore, in order to promote OECM reporting in the future, it is necessary to conduct detailed research on various types of governance establishment and operation plans that can establish the basis for recognizing and agreeing to OECM assessment, specific criteria and reasonable measures to judge equity, and important biodiversity value.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed a hardware(H/W) structure which can compress and recontruct the input image in real time operation and implemented it into a FPGA platform using VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language). All the image processing element to process both compression and reconstruction in a FPGA were considered each of them was mapped into a H/W with the efficient structure for FPGA. We used the DWT(discrete wavelet transform) which transforms the data from spatial domain to the frequency domain, because use considered the motion JPEG2000 as the application. The implemented H/W is separated to both the data path part and the control part. The data path part consisted of the image processing blocks and the data processing blocks. The image processing blocks consisted of the DWT Kernel for the filtering by DWT, Quantizer/Huffman Encoder, Inverse Adder/Buffer for adding the low frequency coefficient to the high frequency one in the inverse DWT operation, and Huffman Decoder. Also there existed the interface blocks for communicating with the external application environments and the timing blocks for buffering between the internal blocks. The global operations of the designed H/W are the image compression and the reconstruction, and it is operated by the unit or a field synchronized with the A/D converter. The implemented H/W used the 54％(12943) LAB(Logic Array Block) and 9％(28352) ESB(Embedded System Block) in the APEX20KC EP20K600CB652-7 FPGA chip of ALTERA, and stably operated in the 70MHz clock frequency. So we verified the real time operation. that is. processing 60 fields/sec(30 frames/sec).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.643-654
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• 1987

The effect of prostacyclin[PGI, ] on myocardial preservation during global ischemia was studied in the isolating working rabbit heart model. Forty hearts underwent a 15 minute period of retrograde nonworking perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution [37*C] and were switched over to the working mode for 15 minutes. After baseline measurement of heart rate, peak aortic pressure, aortic flow, and coronary flow, all hearts were subjected to 60 minutes of ischemic arrest at 10*C induced with St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution: Group I had single dose cardioplegia, Croup II double dose, Croup III oxygenated double dose, and Group IV single dose with PCI, infusion [10ng/min./gm heart weight]. Hearts were then revived with 15 minute period of nonworking reperfusion at normothermia, followed by 30 minutes of working perfusion. Repeat measurements of cardiac function were obtained and expressed as a percent of the preischemic baseline values. Oxygen content of arterial perfusate and coronary effluent was measured by designed time interval. Leakage of creatine kinase was determined during post-ischemic reperfusion period. Finally wet hearts were weighed and placed in 120*C oven for 36 hours for measurement of dry weight. In the PGI, treated group [IV], heart rate increased consistently throughout the period of reperfusion from 100*5.0% [p<0.001] to 107*6.2% [p<0.001]. The percent recovery of aortic flow showed 95*5.7% [p<0.001] at the first 3 minute and full recovery through the subsequent time. Coronary flow was augmented significantly in the 3 minute [96*6.2%, p<0.001] and then sustained above baseline values. Among the Croup I, II, and III, all hemodynamic values were significantly below preischemic levels. PGI2 relatively increased oxygen delivery [1.22*0.19ml/min, p<0.001] and myocardial oxygen consumption [0.90*0.13ml/min, p<0.001] during reperfusion period. Leakage of creatine kinase in the PGI2 group was 9.3*1.58IU/15min [p<0.001]. This was significantly lower than Group I [33.0*2.68 IU/15min]. The water content of PCI2 treated hearts [81*0.9%, p<0.001] was also lower than the other groups.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-246
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• 2020

The global environment is rapidly changing due to the Coronavirus outbreak, especially in areas that have been relatively neglected, such as border areas. In particular, In the post-COVID era, the border area between the two Koreas requires a new perception and conceptualization as a space for reconciliation, cooperation and coexistence. Through the status and outlook of post-COVID era, this paper analyzed the promoting directions of each situation, such as SWOT analysis, depending on the characteristics of changes such as domestic preference, changes into standards of new national competitiveness, changes into regional value chains, and the transition to digital economy in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Based on the previous analysis, this paper proposed realistic approaches such as the utilization of buffer zones, expansion of non-political cooperation to prepare resilience, and promotion of new growth engine industries. In addition, this paper suggested prepared strategies for analyzing the influence of positive and negative cases and responding to them by writing possible scenarios.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.559-569
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• 2020

One of the deep-running algorithms, CNN's artificial intelligence application uses off-chip memory to store data on the Convolution Layer. DMA can reduce processor load at every data transfer. It can also reduce application performance degradation by varying the order in which data from the Convolution layer is transmitted to the global buffer of the accelerator. For basic layouts with continuous memory addresses, SG-DMA showed about 3.4 times performance improvement in pre-setting DMA compared to using ordinaly DMA, and for Ideal layouts with discontinuous memory addresses, the ordinal DMA was about 1396 cycles faster than SG-DMA. Experiments have shown that a combination of memory data layout and DMA can reduce the DMA preset load by about 86 percent.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

A stable game managing system is absolutely needed to accept simultaneous interlacing of many users for on- line game system. The proposed P2P on-line game system in this paper is able to get stable and real-time game managing within limited time stamp utilizing through reorganizing peers according to synchronous time which can be avoid congestion on one region, it is possible to synchronize for game nodes within limited time stamp utilizing. Reorganizing M-tree which leads 10 distribute loads. The system manages each region unit, and it is execute no matter how big game sizes are. Thus to ensure such as the problems of expand server and stabilization or message transmission. Also, prove efficiency of the suggested system through the simulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

Objective: Due to the threat of global warming, the livestock industry is increasingly interested in exploring how feed additives may reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, especially from ruminants. This study investigated the effect of Rhodophyta supplemented bovine diets on in vitro rumen fermentation and rumen microbial diversity. Methods: Cannulated Holstein cows were used as rumen fluid donors. Rumen fluid:buffer (1:2; 15 mL) solution was incubated for up to 72 h in six treatments: a control (timothy hay only), along with substrates containing 5% extracts from five Rhodophyta species (Grateloupia lanceolata [Okamura] Kawaguchi, Hypnea japonica Tanaka, Pterocladia capillacea [Gmelin] Bornet, Chondria crassicaulis Harvey, or Gelidium amansii [Lam.] Lamouroux). Results: Compared with control, Rhodophyta extracts increased cumulative gas production after 24 and 72 h (p = 0.0297 and p = 0.0047). The extracts reduced methane emission at 12 and 24 h (p<0.05). In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that at 24 h, ciliate-associated methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens decreased at 24 h (p = 0.0002, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001), while Fibrobacter succinogenes (F. succinogenes) increased (p = 0.0004). Additionally, Rhodophyta extracts improved acetate concentration at 12 and 24 h (p = 0.0766 and p = 0.0132), as well as acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio at 6 and 12 h (p = 0.0106 and p = 0.0278). Conclusion: Rhodophyta extracts are a viable additive that can improve ruminant growth performance (higher total gas production, lower A/P ratio) and methane abatement (less ciliateassociated methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens and more F. succinogenes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-150
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• 1997

For high-speed networks, a new ring protocal is proposed in this paper. A ring network combined with destination removal can achieve much higher network throughput than the channel transmission rate. However, such a network exhibits fairness problems. Over a past few years, global fairness algorithms such as ATMR and Metaring have been proposed to solve such problems. But the ring access time delay and fairness in such networks are sensitive to the network parameters such as network size and traffic distribution. In addition to guaranteeing fair ring access to all nodes, there are several other important performance aspects in such networks. The one is that fairness is enforced while node throughputs are kept as high as possible. And another performance measure is access delay and more specifically Head-Of-Line(HOL) delay, i.e., the amount of time the first cell in the transmission buffer of a node has to wait before it accesses the ring. HOL delay is a mijor component in the transmission jitter of the synchronous traffic transmission. A key idea of the proposed ring protocol is to find the nodes that have much more chances to access the ring than any other nodes in the independently distributed node architecture. Since destined by many cells need to share a part of the bandwidths with the next node for the fairness in as much as performance degradation does not become critical. To investigate the performance behavior of the proposed ring protocol for various network condition,s several performance parameters wuch as ring access time delay, and throughput are compared with those of the ATMR and Metaring protocols using simulation package, SIMAN.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2018

Objectives: Myocardial reperfusion is the only logical cure for ischemic heart disease. However, ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the underlying factors facilitating and accelerating the apoptosis in the myocardium. This study set to investigate the impact of Teucrium polium (TP) hydro-alcoholic extract on I/R induced apoptosis in the isolated rat heart. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were classified into six groups. The control samples were subjected to 80 min of perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer; in control-ischemia group, after primary perfusion (20 min) the hearts were exposed to global ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (40 min). Pretreated groups were perfused with $500{\mu}M$ of vitamin C and various TP concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 mg/ml) for 20 min, and then the hearts were exposed to ischemia and reperfusion for 20 min and 40 min, respectively. Cardiodynamic parameters including rate pressure product (RPP), heart rate (HR), the maximum up/down rate of left ventricular pressure (${\pm}dp/dt$), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary artery flow (CF) were achieved from Lab Chart software data. The Bax and BCl-2 gene expressions were measured in heart samples. Results: Hearts treated with TP extract and vit C represented a meaningful improvement in cardiac contractile function and CF. The overexpression of Bcl-2, downregulation of Bax, and improvement of apoptotic index (Bax/Bcl-2) were observed in pretreated TP extract and vit C hearts. Conclusion: The TP extract was found to ameliorate the cardiac function in the reperfused myocardium. Also, it can hinder apoptotic pathways causing cardioprotection.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.412-417
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• 2014

It has been reported that exogenously introduced micro-RNA (exo-miRNA) competes with endogenously expressed miRNAs (endo-miRNAs) in human cells, resulting in a detectable upregulation of mRNAs with endo-miRNA target sites (TSs). However, the detailed mechanisms of the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs remain uninvestigated. In this study, using 74 microarrays that monitored the whole-transcriptome response after introducing miRNAs or siRNAs into HeLa cells, we systematically examined the derepression of mRNAs with exo- and/or endo-miRNA TSs. We quantitatively assessed the effect of the number of endo-miRNA TSs on the degree of mRNA derepression. As a result, we observed that the number of endo-miRNA TSs was significantly associated with the degree of derepression, supporting that the derepression resulted from the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs. However, when we examined whether the site proficiency of exo-miRNA TSs could also influence mRNA derepression, to our surprise, we discovered a strong positive correlation. Our analysis indicates that site proficiencies of both exo- and endo-miRNA TSs are important determinants for the degree of mRNA derepression, implying that the derepression of mRNAs in response to exo-miRNA is more complex than that currently perceived. Our observations may lead to a more complete understanding of the detailed mechanisms of the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs and to a more accurate prediction of miRNA targets. Our analysis also suggests an interesting hypothesis that long 3'-UTRs may function as molecular buffer against gene expression regulation by individual miRNAs.