• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2018

Background: In Korea, seeds of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer need to be stored under cold temperature and high humidity condition for months to break physiological dormancy, making storage difficult until spring-sowing. This study was conducted to test the effects of seed storage conditions and seed treatment on the emergence of seedling after spring-sowing in a nursery greenhouse. Methods and Results: After dehiscence, endocarp dried seeds in mild or completely, and wet seeds were stored in $2^{\circ}C$ and $-3.5^{\circ}C$ during winter. Storage at $-3.5^{\circ}C$ resulted in a lower emergence rate (ER) than that at $2^{\circ}C$, and additional cold ($2^{\circ}C$) treatment before or after storage at $-3.5^{\circ}C$ increased the ER. Endocarp dehydration prevented pre-germination at $2^{\circ}C$ storage and increased the ER of seeds stored at $-3.5^{\circ}C$. ER was also dependent on the batch of seeds. However, seed treatments before sowing had only limited effects on ER. Root loss was the main reason for damping-off; prolonged cold storage of seeds increased damping-off, as the detection of pathogens was not high. Conclusions: This study showed that storage conditions such as temperature and moisture content of seeds, affect the ER after spring-sowing and vitality of seedlings, suggesting further attention on seed control for secure seedling stands after spring-sowing.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.104-108
• /
• 2000

The plant growth-promoting activity of Acremonium strictum MJN1 isolated from roots of Panox ginseng was explored. The myceliaI extract of A. strictum MJN1 enhanced the rice seedling growth by 14.5 and 9.0% in the dried weight of shoots and roots, and the growth of red pepper by 54 and 85% in the top length and the dried weight in pot experiments, respectively. The plant growth-promoting substances in the myceliaI extract of Acremonium strictum MJN1 were identified as D-adenosine and glycerol. Both commercial D-adenosine and glycerol also promoted significantly the rice seedling growth but, unlike the mycelial extract of A. strictum MJN1, hardly affected the yields of plants grown in pots or field. Therefore, it is possible that other plant growth-promoting substances are produced by A. strictum MJN1. However, this study shows that A. strictum MJN1 has a great potential as a biofertilizer.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2018

Background: Some phenolics detected in the soil may inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of ginseng (Panax ginseng). This study investigated the effect of irrigation and ginseng root residue addition on the soil microbial community and root rot disease in 2-year-old ginseng. Methods and Results: Each $20{\ell}$ pot was filled with soil infected with ginseng root rot pathogens, and irrigated daily with $2{\ell}$ of water for one month. After the irrigation treatment, ginseng fine root powder was mixed with the irrigated soil at a rate of 20 g per pot. In descending order, ${NO_3}^-$, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable Na (Ex. Na) and K (Ex. K) decreased due to irrigation. In descending order, ${NO_3}^-$, EC, Ex. K, and available $P_2O_5$ increased with the additon of ginseng powder to the soil. The abundance of Trichoderma crassum decreased with irrigation, but increased again with the incorporation of ginseng powder. The abundance of Haematonectria haematococca increased with irrigation, but decreased with the incorporation of ginseng powder. The abundance of Cylindrocarpon spp. and Fusarium spp., which cause ginseng root rot, increased with the incorporation of ginseng powder. The abundance of Arthrobacter oryzae and Streptomyces lavendulae increased with irrigation. The abundance of Streptomyces lavendulae decreased, and that of Arthrobacter spp. increased, with the incorporation of ginseng powder. Aerial growth of ginseng was promoted by irrigation, and ginseng root rot increased with the incorporation of ginseng powder. Conclusions: Ginseng root residues in the soil affected soil nutrients and microorganisms, and promoted ginseng root rot, but did not affect the aerial growth of ginseng.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2016

고려인삼은 다년생 약용작물로써 재배 특성상 인삼에서 다양한 질병들의 효과적인 방제시스템의 개발은 인삼의 생산량 증대에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 최근 지속가능한 농업의 실현을 위한 식물의 유도저항성(ISR)과 유용미생물의 항생제 효과를 이용한 친환경 생물학적 방제 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 하지만 인삼의 유도정항성을 정확하게 판단할 수 있는 기법은 아직까지 거의 연구되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 인삼의 유묘를 이용한 무병주 기내배양 시스템을 개발하였고, BTH에 의해 유도되는 인삼의 유도저항성을 통한 잿빛곰팡이병과 탄저병에 대한 방제효과를 검증하였다. 인삼유묘에 유도저항성을 위해 뿌리에 직접적으로 BTH를 처리하는 관주처리 방법에 비해, 잎에 직접적으로 살포하는 엽면시비 방법이 효과적으로 두 곰팡이성 병원균에 대한 방제효과가 높게 나타났다. BTH처리 인삼유묘에 탄저병원균을 처리하였을 때 인삼의 병원균 침입에 의해 급격히 발현이 증대되는 PgPR10과 PgCAT 유전자의 발현이 급속하게 증대되는 현상을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 시스템은 향후 친환경적으로 이용될 수 있는 다양한 생물학적 방제제의 효과를 검정하고 활용하는데 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to select economical byproduct composts as the substitute for the traditional organic fertilizer, Yacto, in the cultivation of ginseng seedlings, and to investigate the application method of a selected compost. Among tested byproduct composts, popped rice hull compost was the best substitute for Yacto, while the application of domestic animal manure composts resulted in red skinned roots of ginseng seedlings. Optimal mixing ratio of the popped rice hull compost with virgin soil (fine sand) were 3~4 : 1 in bulk, showing the same root yield compared to that of conventional seedbed soil. When the popped rice hull compost was lower than $1\;{\pm}\;0.1%$ in nitrogen content, the expeller cake of oil seed was added to seedbed soil to rise nitrogen content until $1\;{\pm}\;0.1%$.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.44-47
• /
• 2017

Ginseng damping-off, caused by the fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium sp., is a critical disease in ginseng seedling. In a continuing effort to find microorganisms with the potential of acting as a biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia damping-off, we found that a Streptomyces sp. A501 showed significant antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. In field experiment to test the efficacy of Streptomyces sp. A501 in controlling ginseng damping-off, the incidence of damping-off disease was meaningfully reduced when ginseng seeds were soaked in the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. A501 before sowing. To perform characterization of the antifungal compound, we isolated it from the culture broth of strain A501 through Diaion HP-20 and silica gel column chromatographies and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the antifungal compound was assigned as fungichromin by spectroscopic methods, mainly nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass analysis.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1978년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 1978

The phenomenon of 'soil sickness' is one of the most important limiting factors for ginseng(Panax ginseng) production in Korea. The principal cause is known to be due to the root rots caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani. Attempts were made to control the root rots with non-polluting cultural methods or soil amendments. Among the nine soil amendments tested, crab shell, cow bone and pig feces were selected for further testing. Each of the three amendments increased the populations or various actinomycetes in the range of 10-25 times over that of non-amended soil, whereas the population of C. destructans was reduced to about $50-70\%$ as compared with the control. Five isolates of Streptomyces with clear zones on chitin-agar medium were selected and then tested for their antagonistic effects on C. destructans. When anyone of the five isolates of Streptomyces and C. destructans was grown together in a modified peptone broth, growth of the latter was highly inhibited. When three levels of crab shell, cow bone, or pig feces were used to amend potted soil infested with C. destruetans, the root rot ratings of ginseng seedlings were reduced to less than one half in all the treatments as compared to the control. In another similar experiment, crab shell and cow bone amendments resulted in almost complete control of the seedling root rots in soil infested with C. destructans or F. solani. In conclusion, biological control with soil amendments of ginseng root rots caused by C. destructans and F. solani was successful. Further basic studies should be pursued using soil amendments for better control. In addition, field experiments are needed to complement the soil amendment control measures in an integrated pest control program.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2009

시판되고 있는 인삼재배용 미생물제제에 대하여 인삼묘 입고병억제효과를 유묘포트시험으로 검정하였다. Rhizoctonia solani에 대하여는 리조렉스 (tolclofos-methyl)와 바리문 (validamycin-A)을 비교하여 검정하고 Pythium에는 리도밀 (metalaxyl)을 비교하였다. 리조렉스와 비교한 시험에서만 처리간 평균보호율 (Pm)의 차이에 유의성이 있었다. 최고효과를 보이는 미생물제 C-ISR2 Rhizoctonia solani에 대한 두 개의 시험에서 순보호율 (net Pm-total Pm-control Pm)이 33%와 33.6%였다. 대조구의 Pm이 58.6%인 경우 총보호율이 91.6%로, 환경조건이 좋은 포장에서는 미생물제로만 보호가 가능함을 나타낸다. C-ISR2의 Pythium에 대한 순 Pm은 26.4%였다. 한 병원균에 대한 미생물제의 순보호율은 일정한 것으로 보였다. Pm과 CV간에는 세 번 다 부의 직선상관관계를 부였다. 이는 미생물제나 화학약제가 모두 보호체계가 같으며 미생물제제가 미세환경에 예민하여 변이가 커지는 것으로 보인다. 미생물제와 대조구의 Pm과 CV의 상관식에서 CV=0에서의 절편 값은 미생물제의 이론적 최대보호율이 된다. 기본 발병환경의 개선 (무처리구의 보호율증대)에 따라 기존 미생물제제로 화학농약을 대체할 수 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.211-214
• /
• 2004

토양에서 재배되고 있는 묘삼의 뿌리 표피조직에는 근모가 많이 발생하였으나, 배지내에서 생육한 인삼 재분화식물체의 뿌리세포는 표피조직에 근모가 거의 발생하지 않았다. Phytagel이 적게 첨가된 배지에서 자란 유식물체의 뿌리에는 근모가 거의 발생하지 않았으며 근중, 근경, 지근발달 등의 뿌리 발육상태도 미약하였으나, phytagel의 농도가 증가함에 따라 근모의 발달, 근중, 근경, 세근발달 등의 뿌리발육이 양호해지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 phytagel이 적은 배지에서 자란 유식물에서는 통도조직의 발달이 미약하였으나 phytagel이 높은 배지에서 자란 유식물에서는 통도조직의 발달이 아주 양호하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국약용작물학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.129-130
• /
• 2007