• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1986

To investigate the stability of ginseng saponin, various physical and chemical treatments for red ginseng alcohol extract (70% ethyl alcohol) were carried out, and then the variations of ginseng saponin in extract were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Irradiation of ${\gamma}$-ray, and ultraviolet ray, sonocatalysis by ultrasonicator, treatment of electronic range, catalytic ozonation did not or slightly affect degradation of ginseng saponins, but they were degraded by heat treatment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.142-146
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• 1977

인삼지상부(人蔘地上部)에서 saponin을 추출(抽出) 분리(分離)하여 Dam marane glycoside들간(間)의 함유비(含有比) 및 그 aglycone을 검토(檢討)하는 동시에 근부(根部) saponin과 비교 조사하여 인삼지상부(人蔘地上部) saponin에 관한 기초연구를 실시하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인삼지상부(人蔘地上部)의 saponin함량(含量)은, 엽(葉)이 12.8%로 가장 높았고, 화부(花部)에 6.9%, 경(莖)이 1.6%의 순서(順序)로 많았다. 지상부중(地上部中) 인삼엽(人蔘葉)은 일부(一部)를 제외한 대부분의 saponin fraction이 근부(根部)의 그것과 거의 같은 pattern을 나타냈다. 경(莖)과 화부(花部)의 saponin은 이들과 다른 pattern을 보였다. 2. 인삼엽(人蔘葉) saponin의 IR-spectrum은 근부(根部) saponin의 그것과 동일(同一)한 것이었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.135-138
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• 1986

Ginseng total saponins(GS), protopanaxadiol saponins(PD) and protopanaxadiol saponins(PT) antagonized the analgesia in mice induced by morphine. The administrations of 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan reduced the GS, PD and PT antagonisms of morphine analgesia. Possible mechanisms involved in the antagonistic actions of GS, PD and PT on morphine analgesia were described.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 1989

In the presence of a photosensitizer, rose bengal, phooxidatlon in serum total lipids has been studied and the effects of ginseng water extract and saponins on it have reviewed. In the presence of rose bengal, serum total lipids undergo photooxidation and produce lipid hydroperoxides. On the other hand, ginseng water extract and dial saponins largely inhibit photooxidation and decrease the amount of lipid hydroperoxides in serum total lipids.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1980

In order to find out the inhibitors of acetic acid fermentation in Korean ginseng (Panax Sin son C. A. Meyer), total aglycone, panaxadiol, panaxadiol, oleanolic acid and ${\beta}$ -sitosterol were added to the basal medium, respectively, and a surface culture was carried out at 30$^{\circ}C$. The results were as follows: 1 . Saponins lost their activity to inhibit the acetic acid fermentation by hydrolysis. 2 Panaxadiol inhibited slightly, and the degree of inhibition was about 1/300 of that of free saponins. 3. Panaxadiol and oleanolic acid inhibited silighly similar to total aglycone. 4. Acetic acid fermentation was stimulated at the early stage when ${\beta}$-sitosterol was added to the media below the level of 0.000815%. But the fermentation was inhibited when media contained it more than that media 5. An over-oxidation of acetic acid was observed when the media contained total aglycone. panaxadiol, panaxatriol, oleanolic acid and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, respectively, while the media which contained sucrose, ginseng extracts ginseng saponins was shown not to be over-oxidized.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.188-204
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• 1977

인삼(人蔘)의 유효성분(有效成分)으로 알려진 saponin을 Thin layer chromatography로 전개(展開)하여 Digital Densitometer를 사용(使用)하여 한국인삼(韓國人蔘)의 산지별(産地別), 부위별(部位別), 재배연도별(栽培年度別) saponin함량(含量) 및 그 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)를 정량(定量)하고, 홍삼(紅蔘) 및 인삼(人蔘)엑기스 제조중(製造中) 일어나는 saponin함량(含量)의 변화(變化)를 연구(硏究)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 산지별(産地別) saponin 함량(含量)에는 별로 차이(差異)가 없었으며, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin군(群)과 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 sapon군(群)의 조성비(組成比)는 ($1.7{\sim}2.6$) : 1정도였다. 2. 부위별(部位別)로 볼 때, saponin함량(含量)은 미삼(尾蔘)이 12.7%로서 3.3%인 백삼(白蔘)의 4배에 가까운 높은 값을보였다. 그리고 saponin fraction별(別)로 볼 때, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction도 미삼(尾蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 많으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction은 반대(反對)로 미삼(尾蓼)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 적었다. TLC의 2차원전개결과(次元展開結果), ginsenoside-Rd는 백삼(白蔘)에만 나타나고, 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 나타나지 않는 반면(反面), Rf와 $Rg_1$은 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 분리(分離)되었으나, 백삼(白蔘)에서는 $Rg_1$만이 존재하고, Rf는 분리(分離)되지 않았다 3. 재배연도별(栽培年度別) 근부(根部)의 saponin함량(含量)은 재배기간(栽培其間)에 따라 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)을 찾아볼 수 없으나, 인삼근당평균(人蔘根當平均) saponin함량(含量)은 2년근(年根)이 90.3mg, 3년근(年根)이 254.2mg. 4년근(年根)이 404.2mg, 5년근(年根)이 996.9mg, 6년근(年根)이 1377.1mg으로 재배기간(栽培其間)이 길어질수록 현저(顯著)하게 높았다. 그리고 인삼지상부(人蔘地上部)의 saponin함량(含量)도 재배기간(栽培其間)에 길어질수록 높아지는 경향(傾向)을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나, saponin fraction별(別)볼 때는 $5{\sim}6$년(年)의 수확기(收穫期)에 가까워질수록 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 함량(含量)이 높았다. 4. 홍삼제조중(紅蔘製造中)의 saponin fraction별(別) panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)도 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 낮아졌으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)는 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 오히려 높았다. 홍삼(紅蔘)의 Thin layer chromatogram에는 건삼(乾蔘)의 그것에 나타나지 않았던 수개(數個)의 미확인(未確認) spot를 더 볼 수 있었다. 5. Ethanol과 물로 미삼(尾蔘)을 추출(抽出)하여, 29.9%의 인삼(人蔘)엑기스를 얻었는데, 이 엑기스에는 미삼(尾蔘)으로부터 추출수율(抽出收率)이 94.2%에 상당(相當)하는 saponin이 이행(移行) 함유(含有)되어 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.278-284
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng saponins on the cerebral energy metabolite's contents influenced by carbon monoxide(CO) intoxication. Each experimental group was divided young ($5{\sim}8$ weeks) and aged ($43{\sim}52$ weeks) rats, and they were exposed at 5,000 ppm CO (72%HbCO) for 30 min. One of the other groups was pretreated with ginseng saponins for 5 days before CO intoxication. The contents of cerebral energy metabolites in cerebral cortex, stratum and hypothalamus were measured. In cerebral cortex of both young and aged rats, the levels of ATP and creatine phosphate were significantly decreased, while those of lactate were significantly increased. There was no difference between the levels of cerebral energy metabolites of young and aged rats. Pretreatment of ginseng saponins before CO intoxication lowered decrease of the levels of cerebral energy metabolites and ATP levels were significantly recovered. On the other hands, contents of lactate in stratum and hypothalamus of young rats were significantly increased and the levels of ATP and creatine phosphate in stratum and hypothalamus were completely recovered at 2 weeks after CO intoxication. The results suggest that ginseng saponins have an ameliorating action against disturbance of the cerebral energy metabolites by CO intoxication.

• 생약학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.185-189
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• 1981

The quality inspection was made on commercial Korean ginseng extract (Company A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H), particularly on samples available in Seoul market area. The results were as follews: 1) Among the ginseng extract products out of eight different manufactures, the moisture content of D company's product showed 46.5%, and other companys' met with the moisture standard for ginseng extracts. And protein, fat, ash, fiber and total sugar were about $9.87{\sim}21.07%,\;0.46{\sim}1.62%,\;6.55{\sim}7.88%,\;0{\sim}0.15%\;and\;58.58{\sim}76.74%$, respectively. And residue of D and F company products showed 3.25% and 3.61% which exceed the standard, and other company products met with residue test specifications. 2) The contents of ginseng saponins were 16.16% and 13.12%, respectively, for the C and H company products. However, other company's showed below 9%. By fractional distribution of ginseng saponins, it is supposed to be white ginseng and lateral ginseng that were mostly used as raw materials for ginseng extract manufacturing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 1981

For bioassay of the various extracts of ginseng, the growth determination method using Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was cultured with various doses of the extracts, was studied The water extract, Powder. and ethanol extract were more effective (about 45∼ 110% increase) than saponins or its fractions (about 20∼35% increase). The cold methanol residue showed a increase effect but it was not significant. The bioassay curves for the water extract, ethanol extract, the butanol extracted saponins and the cold methanol- residue were made from the experimental data. From these curves it is possible to find the relation between dose and effectiveness and the optimal doses of various ginseng extracts, and the amount of extract in a sample can be estimated The .angers of sample amount were 0.01% (100ppm) ∼0.32% (3200ppm) fo. the water extract, 0.025% (150ppm)∼0.1% (1000ppm) for the ethanol extract, and 0.008% (80ppm)∼0.016% (160ppm) for the saponins. It was impossible to determine the range for the cold methanol- residue, The acceleration effects on the cell proliferation by a only 0.0008% (8ppm) of the diol- and triol-saponin were measurable in earlier Period (24 hour treatment).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1992

This study examined the Influence of ginseng total saponins (GTS) on the analgestic action and tolerance development of pentazocine in mice. Pentazocine prolonged the latency to response in the tail flick rather than in the tail pinch test. The analgesic effect of pentaEocine was antagonized by naloxone and completely eliminated by pretreatment u·ith f-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). GTS provented the pentasocine-incuced analgesia ann inhibited the development of tolerance to pentazocine. The antagonistic effect of GTS on the pentazocine-induced analgesia was abolished by 5-HTP, but not by L-DOPA. These results suggest that GTS inhibits the analgesic action of pentazocine by the interaction with serotonergic neuron.