• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1463-1467
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• 2003

In the present study, the effects of Ginseng radix and Ophiopogonis tuber on field potentials in rat hippocampal slices and cardiac muscle slices were investigated by multi-channel extracellular recording using MED64 system. The field potentials in the brain slices represent synaptic transmission and nerve excitability, and the field potentials in heart muscles represent muscle contractility. The present results show that the aqueous extract of Ginseng radix enhanced field potentials in the both hippocampal slices and cardiac muscle slices. In contrast, the aqueous extract Ophiopogonis tuber exerted no significant effect on the field potentials in the hippocampal slices and cardiac muscle slices. These results suggest the possibility that Yin-Yang theory could be studied in relation with excitability in neurons and muscles.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate effects of Allii tuberosi Semen, Ginseng Radix Alba and Morindae officinalis Radix extract on reproductive capacities in mice. Methods: The 8-week-old ICR rats are used in the study, and we administered the extract solution of Allii tuberosi Semen, Ginseng Radix Alba and Morindae officinalis Radix concentration of 1, 10, 100mg/0.3ml to each rats and water to another rats(control group) once a day for each 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. we evaluated the total sperm count and morphology. Results: For 30 days, the total sperm count and normal sperm most increased in the group administered by 100mg/0.3ml Allii tuberosi Semen. For 60 days, the total sperm count and normal sperm most increased in the group administered by 100mg/0.3ml Morindae officinalis Radix solutions. For 90 days, the total sperm count most increased in the group asministered by 10mg/0.3ml Morindae officinalis Radix and 100mg/0.3ml Allii tuberosi Semen solutions. For 120 days, the total sperm count and normal sperm most increased in the group administered by l0mg/0.3ml Ginseng Radix Alba. Conclusion: This study shows that there were dose and duration effects of Allii tuberosi Semen, Ginseng Radix Alba and Morindae officinalis Radix extract solution on the total sperm count and morphology.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 1997

The effects of extract mixture of red ginseng and steamed Rehmaniae radix prepared for antidiabetic activity was examined in streptozotocin-Induced diabetic rats. The increased blood glucosec level in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was significantly decreased by the treatment with the mixture (800, 1600 mg/kg, p.o.). However, neither red ginseng extract nor steamed Rehmaniae radix extract alone showed significant hypoglycemic effects. The mixture prevented a weight loss in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that the mixture has the relieving action against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-37
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• 1999

For the purpose of wide application of Korea Ginseng Radix (KGR) as a tonic and medicinal drug, bibliographical study on Ginseng Radix (GR) was done about its herbal and pharmacological effects known so far. Herbal effect of GR was studied in 28 classical books including Shennongbencaojing(신농본초경), the oldest herbal book in oriental medicine and also its pharmacological effects was compared with its herbal effect. In bibliographical study 38 kinds of efficacies of GR were referred in those books, for example, in fields of gastrointestinal tract, heart, psychology, body fluid, hormone and respiratory tract in order from statistical analysis. GR was chiefly used for supplementing Qi, vital energy in oriental medicine. However, experimental study on respiratory diseases was not reported except lung cancer yet, while GR was used for the treatment of asthma mostly mixed with other herb in oriental medicine. So far research with GR was performed chiefly for isolation of constituents as saponins and evaluation of its efficacy experimentally by KGTR (Korea Ginseng Tobacco Research Institute). From the above studies, to make KGR used widely than before, I suggest study with KGR should be done according to oriental principles such as Qi and tasters and combination theory between herbs excepting typical analytical research with saponins.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2007

Objectives : This in vitro research was conducted to investigate the effect of the Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus. on the cytokine protein release and Nitric oxide release in releted to Alzheimer's disease. Methods : Specifically, the effects of the Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ of BV2 microglia cell line treated with lipopolysacchride. Results: The Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus extract suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokine protein $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and in BV2 microglia cell line treated with lipopolysacchride. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the Gin-CHF extract for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the effects of Ginseng Radix (G), Rehmanniae Radix (R), and Fermented red-ginseng extracts (FRG) on cognitive function in scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice. We measured the effects of G, R, and FRG on the improvement of memory and cognition via behavior analysis. In addition, we measured the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus of each group of mice. The expression of β-amyloid, Tau, and BDNF in the brain tissues were observed through immunohistochemical staining. Ginseng Radix (G) and Fermented red-ginseng (FRG) have effectively improved cognitive function in the water maze test. Ginseng Radix (G), Rehmanniae Radix (R), and Fermented red-ginseng (FRG) have improved the willingness of mice to explore the new environment, as confirmed by Y maze test. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed that Ginseng Radix (G) decreased the expression of β-amyloid and Tau in the hippocampus. In addition, fermented red-ginseng (FRG) increased the expression of BDNF. Ginseng Radix (G), Rehmanniae Radix (R), and Fermented red-ginseng (FRG) have decreased the concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus as compared with the control group of mice. In conclusion, Ginseng Radix (G), Rehmanniae Radix (R), and Fermented red-ginseng (FRG) are considered to have the potential for development as candidate drugs to control the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of herbal acupuncture with Ginseng Radix for the treatment to intestinal disease in the rat with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Methods : All animals were subjected to the injection of saline $(300{\mu}{\ell},\;500{\mu}{\ell})$ for a study control or TNBS $(300{\mu}{\ell},\;500{\mu}{\ell})$ into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture ($20mg/m{\ell},\;0.4m{\ell}$) were injected to the both $Hapgok(LI_4)$ acupoints at 2nd injection of TNBS in rats. Thus, the body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture. Results : Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture on $Hapgok(LI_4)$ for TNBS-induced colitis inhibited the body weight loss rate but did not affect RBC and WBC counts. Furthermore, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration and serum IgG and IgM levels in TNBS induced colitis were recovered. Conclusions : Herbal acupuncture with Ginseng Radix helps recover the TNBS-induced colonic damage and may be an important method for treatment of the colitis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution on the cell cycle regulation, apoptosis of human uterine myoma cells. Methods: Primary cultured human uterine myoma cells were treated with extract solution of Ginseng Radix Alba concentration of 1, 10 and $100mg/m{\ell}$ for 48 hours. We underwent flow cytometry and western blotting for cell cycle and apoptosis related factors. Results: In flow cytometry, a slight promotion of G1 phase in $1mg/m{\ell}$ group had been observed but, simultaneously a delay of G1 phase in 10 and $100mg/m{\ell}$ groups were also observed. The manifestation of cyclin D1 in Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution medicated group increased compared to the control group. The manifestation of Bax controlling apoptosis increased in terms of concentration but Bcl-2 showed no change. Also VEGF increased in terms of concentration. Conclusion: The present study suggests that Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution treatment in human uterine myoma cells induce the delay of cell cycle and apoptosis. These results suggest that Ginseng Radix Alba will be a promising agent for use in therapeutics agents against human uterine myoma.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.177-197
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• 2009

Objectives : Gliosis disturbs recovery of damaged astrocytes following central nervous system(CNS) injury. Gliosis relates to up-regulation of CD81 and GFAP. In glial cells at injured CNS, the expression of CD81 and GFAP is increased. It is possible that when the gliosis formation is suppressed, regeneration of oxons can occur. According to the recent study, the treatment with anti CD81 antibodies enhanced functional recovery in rats with spinal injury. So, the author studies the effect of water extract of Radix Ginseng on regulation of CD81 and GFAP with CNS injury. Methods : In the cell study, hypoxic damage was induced by CoC12. And according to Longa et al, cerebral ischemia was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Cross sections of rat brain were examined under microscope. MTT analysis was performed to examine cell viability, cell based ELISA, Western Blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of CD81 and GFAP. Results : The following results were obtained. 1. We found that CD81 and GFAP were decreased in hypoxic injured cells following Radix Ginseng administration. 2. We injected the extract of Radix Ginseng to the middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, and the immunohistochemistry analysis showed that CDS1 and GFAP were decreased. Conclusions : These results show that the extract of Radix Ginseng could suppress the gliosis formation and prevent cell death, by controlling the expression of CDS1 and GFAP. Therefore, Radix Ginseng could be a useful to regenerate CNS injury.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEY.), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (Zizyphus spinosa HU.) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH.) on the serotonin- immunoreactivity cells in the Caudal raphe nuclei, Rostal raphe nuclei and hippocampus of the mouse brain. Methods : The mice were stressed by restraining for one hour and treated with herbal medicine by oral feeding. The mice were killed after one hour and observed by electron microscope after immunohistochemical staining. Results : In the caudal raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata, the highest number of 5-HT immunoreactivity cells were observed at the Zizyphi Spinosae Semen-treated group, while the lowest level among the herbs treatment group was shown at the Ginseng Radix group. In the hippocampus, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were expressed significantly at the CA3 area while the lowest level of it was shown at the control group. In the midbrain, immunoreactive cells were expressed higher than other groups, while observed at the lowest level in the control group. Conclusions : The extracts of Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat and Ginseng Radix show a certain degree of effect on the change of serotonin immunoreactive neurons as an index of nerve disorder.