• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.401-420
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22)has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase)-containing mouthwash in human experimental gingivitis. This 3-week clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, subjects were scored for plaque(Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and plaque severity index), gingivitis($L{\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and at baseline and 3 weeks of experiment, subjects were scored for plaque(Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index and plaque severity index), tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice dailywithout toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 week of experiment. During 3 weeks' period, the dextranase group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation of Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index, compared to the chlorhexidine and placebo groups, but chlorhexidine group showed the least increase inplaque accumulation of Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 3 weeks of experiment. The dextranase group also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the chlorhexidine as well as the placebo groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the chlorhexidine group, compared to the baseline score and the placebo group since 3 weeks of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 3 weeks in the dextranase group, still less severe than the chlorhexidine group. As for the oral side effect, the dextranase group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the chlorhexidine group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashin inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, in human experimental gingivitis. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of three modalities commonly used for reduction of oral malodor and to review the contributing factors for halitosis. For this study, 45 subjects of good general health in their third decades were selected, and they were divided into three groups by each modality, that is, tongue scraping, $ZnCl_2$ mouth rinse, and periodontal treatment. Subjective sense of halitosis, diets, Oral hygiene index based on tooth brushing and tongue brushing habit, resting salivary flow rate, gingival index, degree of tongue coating were recored in the Halito-Chart designed by the author. Oral malodor converted from volatile sulfur compound was measured by the Halimeter$^{(R)}$(Interscan Co., USA), and the correlation between the oral factors and pre-treatment halimeter score were analysed. Data obtained were analysed by the SPSS windows program and the results of this study were as follows : 1. There were no significant correlation between oral factors such as oral hygiene index, salivary flow rate, gingival index, degree of tongue coating and pre-treatment halimeter score. 2. Difference between pre- and post-treatment halimeter score by the three modalities were significant, but correlation between pre- and post-treatment score within group was most significant in the periodontal treatment group followed by the tongue scraping group and lowest in the $ZnCl_2$ mouth rinse group. 3. Reduction of halimeter score was significant only in subjects with relatively more tongue coating in the tongue scraping group, but in the $ZnCl_2$ mouth rinse group and in the periodontal treatment group, the modality applied to each group had same significant effects without regard to the degree of oral hygiene index or gingival index. 4. Men had more tongue coating than women, and reduction of halimeter score was significant in men, but not in women.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess the recolonization of the subgingival microflora following scaling and root planing on single and multiroot teeth with periodontal pockets which were above 5mm. 7 patients with deep pockets were selected for this study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before the study. After initial clinical(plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth), microbiological and BANA test were determined, each subject received a single session of scaling and root planing, but they were not received oral hygiene instructions. Clinical indices, microbial parameters and BANA test were reassessed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. The results were as follows : 1. Plaue index, gingival index and pocket depth were not significantly when compared single root group with multiroot group, both groups were siginficantly reduced at 2weeks in plaque index and 2, 4 weeks in gingival index(P<0.05), probing pocket depth was siginificantly changed at 2, 4weeks in multiroot teeth group and 4 weeks in single root teeth group(P<0.05). 2. Percentage of cocci was significantly increased at 4weeks in single root teeth group(P<0.05), motile rod was significantly changed at 4weeks in both group(P<0.05), spirochetes and nonmotile rods were not significantly changed. 3. BANA test was significantly reduced at 1 and 2 weeks (P<0.05) in single root teeth group, multiroot teeth group was not significantly all weeks. This results were suggested that clinical and microbiological effect following scaling and root planing on periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.503-512
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological effect of chlorhexidine rinse following scaling and root planing on periodontits. 10 patients with periodontal disease were selected for the study. They had not taken antibiotics for months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before the study. They were good in general health. Patients received a scaling and root planing under local infiltration anesthesia, chlorhexidine rise group were subjected to twice a day 0.1% chlorhexidine rinse for a period 2 week. After initial clinical(plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth), microbiological and BANA tests were determined, each subject received a single session of scaling and root planing but no oral hygiene instructions. Clinical indices were measured, microbial parameters and BANA test were reassessed 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. The results were as follows : 1. Plaque index, gingival index and pocket depth in chlorhexidine rinse group and control group were not significantly reduce during all weeks when compared chlorhexidine rinse group with control groups. Plaque index in chlorhexidine rinse group and control group were siginificantly reduced at 1, 2, 4weeks(P<0.05), gingival index and pocket depth wee ignificantly reduced at 2, 4weeks in both groups(P<0.05). 2. Perecntage of cocci and motile rods was significantly changed at 1, 2, 4weeks in chlorhexidine rinse group(P<0.05), control group was significantly changed at 4weeks in control group(P<0.05), intergroup difference was significantly at 2weeks in cocci and 4weeks in motile rods(P<0.05). 3. Percentage of non-motile rods in all group were not significantly changed when compared with those of baseline. 4. Percentage of spirochetes was significantly reduced at 4 week(P<0.05), control group was not significantly reduced during all weeks. 5. BANA test scores was significantly reduced during all weeks in chlorhexidine rinse group(P<0.05), control group was not significantly reduced during all weeks. The result showed that clinical and microbiological effect following scaling, root palning and chlorhexidine on periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1999

Non-surgical therapy is still an important technique in periodontal treatment. In this study, scaling and root planing(SRP) with or without concomitant subgingival curettage were compared clinically and microbiologically. 14 moderate adult periodontitis patients were included in this study. After 2 weeks from screening visit, with split mouth design, one quadrant was treated by SRP, and the opposite side was treated by SRP with subgingival curettage. Clinical measurement and microbiological analysis was taken at baseline, 1 month, 3 month post-treatment. Clinical parameters used in this study was probing depth, gingival recession, gingival index, bleeding on probing, plaque index, tooth mobility(Periotest Value). Microbiological analysis consisted of determination of the percentages of 4 bacterial groups according to morphologic type with phase-contrast microscope and measuring Black-pigmented Bacteroides after anaerobic culture. 1. There were significant changes in probing depth and gingival recession at 1 month(P<0.05), and these changes remained through 3 month. However, no significant differences were observed between two groups(P<0.05). 2. There were also significant reductions in gingival index and bleeding on probing at 1 month(P<0.05),and these reduced levels were maintained through 3 month with no significant differences between two groups(P<0.05). 3. In both groups, motile bacteria decreased significantly at 1 months(P<0.05), but increased nearly to baseline level at 3 month. 4. The percentages of Black-pigmented Bacteroides, in both groups, decreased significantly at 1 month(P<0.05), and in the subgingival curettage group, significant more reductions were observed than in the root planing group(P<0.05). At 3 month, significant reduction was found in subgingival curettage group only(P<0.05). According to these results, we surmised that concomitant subgingival curettage and root planing give some advantageous effect on bacterial recolonization.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of a mouthwash containing potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$) as its main component, along with sodium fluoride (NaF) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The primary endpoint was the relief of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) against the cold stimuli. The effects on other DH tests and periodontal inflammation were also evaluated. Methods: We used a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design. A total of 82 patients with DH (40 in the test group, 42 placebo controls) were analyzed using visual analog scales (VASs) for a cold test, a tactile test, a compressive air test, and self-reported pain during daily activities, as well as clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), gingival recession, and probing depth, which were collected at baseline and after four and six weeks of mouthwash use. Results: VAS scores for cold sensations, tactile sensations, the compressive air test, and self-reported pain significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks in both groups (P<0.01), and no significant differences between the groups were found. In male patients (10 in the test group and 7 in the control group), both groups showed significant reductions in VAS scores for the cold test over the six weeks, and greater reductions were found in the test group than in the control group between four and six weeks (P=0.01) and between baseline and six weeks (P<0.01). In addition, the mSBI in the test group significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks (P<0.01), and the changes at four and six weeks from baseline were significantly greater in the test group compared to the control group (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A mouthwash containing a mixture of $KNO_3$, NaF, and CPC reduced DH and gingival inflammation, however, the efficacy was comparable to the control group.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health and hygiene in the neurosurgical patients in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods: The subjects were 92 neurosurgical patients in intensive care unit(ICU) from March, 2011 to December, 2012. The oral examination consisted of number of residual teeth, DMFT index, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, plague index, and Candida species colony of tongue and saliva. Plaque was inoculated from tongue and saliva and incubated in 36.5C incubator for 48 hours using $Dentocult^{(R)}$ CA(Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland). Glasgow coma scale(GCS) was measured to evaluate the consciousness of the patients on the basis of medical record. Results: Oral health was poor in clinical attachment loss and gingival index. Oral hygiene in neurosurgical patients in ICU was very poor due to high plaque index and Candida colonization of tongue and saliva. Plague index was closely related to Candida colonization of tongue and saliva(p<0.05). Conclusions: Oral health and hygiene of patients in neurosurgical ICU were very poor. More careful oral hygiene care is very important and necessary to enhance the oral health improvement of the neurosurgical patients in ICU.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Objectives: We analyzed the relative beneficial impacts of probiotics and coconut oil-based mouth rinses on oral health. Methods : A total of 33 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups. Coconut oil and probiotics were given to the experimental group, and distilled water to the control group. We evaluated the possession site of Gingival index, CPITN index, BOP, Pocket depth, and PHP index. Results: In the coconut oil and probiotic groups, Gingival index significantly decreased on both days 15 and 30. CPITN significantly decreased on days 15 and 30 in the coconut oil group (p<0.01), and on day 30 in the probiotic group (p=0.002). There was a significant interaction between group and time for BOP and PHP index (p<0.001), and the coconut oil group was more effective in improving BOP and PHP index. Conclusions: The above results showed that the mediation effect of coconut oil and probiotics was more effective with coconut oil.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2009

본 연구는 고정식 교정장치 장착환자에서 V형 교정칫솔과 비교하여 슬림모 칫솔의 구강위생관리 효과를 평가해보기 위해 시행되었다. 고정식 교정장치를 장착하여 치료를 받고 있는 환자 34명(평균연령 $21.9\;{\pm}\;7.5$세)을 대상으로 무작위로 슬림모 칫솔(Nano silver slim $care.34^{TM}$, Aiio, Seoul, Korea)을 사용한 군과 V형 교정칫솔(Oral-B Laboratories Ltd., P&G Korea, Seoul, Korea)을 사용한 군으로 구분한 후 연구시작 시(Baseline), 2주 후, 4주 후 및 6주 후에 걸쳐서 하나의 칫솔을 교환하지 않고 변형 바스법으로 하루 2회 2분씩 닦도록 하여 치태지수, 치은염지수 및 치은출혈지수를 측정하고 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과 6주간의 실험기간에 걸쳐 슬림모 칫솔군과 V형 교정칫솔군 간에 치태지수, 치은염지수 및 치은출혈지수 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 실험시기에 따른 변화에 대해서 두 칫솔군 모두 치태지수와 치은염지수는 연구시작 시를 기점으로 점차적으로 감소하여 4주 후에 저점을 보이고 6주 후에는 다시 상승하였고, 치은출혈지수의 경우는 V형 교정칫솔군의 경우 2주 후에 최저점을 보이다가 4주 후와 6주 후에는 점차적으로 상승하는 양상을 보인 반면 슬림모 치솔군의 경우 연구시작 시부터 6주 후까지 점차적으로 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 연령에 따른 두 칫솔군 간의 구강위생 관리 효과 비교에서 슬림모 칫솔군은 치태지수와 치은염 지수에서 20대가 10대에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 작은 수치를 보였다 (p < 0.013). 이상의 연구 결과로 고정식 교정장치로 치료받는 환자에서 두 칫솔 모두 구강위생관리에 동일하게 효과적이었으나 20대 이상의 성인 교정환자에서 슬림모 칫솔이 V형 교정칫솔보다 치태제거 효과가 더 우수함을 보여 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2016

이번 연구는 영남대학교의료원 재활병동에 입원 중인 뇌졸중 환자 78명을 대상으로 구강위생 및 건강, 구강건강관련 삶의 질을 검사하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Gingival index는 3명(3.8%)의 대상자만이 정상소견에 해당하는 code 0의 상태를 보였으며 이외 대다수의 대상자는 치은의 출혈 소견을 의미하는 code 2 이상의 수치를 보였다. CPI code의 경우에는 42명(53.8%)의 대상자가 중등도 치주염 및 중증의 치주염을 의미하는 code 3 또는 4의 상태를 보였다. CPI에 따라 대상자를 분류한 결과 치주염이 심한 그룹이 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비해 교육수준이 낮고 흡연경험이 있었으며 잔사, 치석 지수 및 치은 건강이 유의하게 불량하였다. 구강건강관련 삶의 질은 일상생활수행도 및 인지능력과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 재활병동에 입원 중인 뇌졸중 환자의 구강위생 상태는 개선할 필요가 있으며 이를 바탕으로 뇌졸중 환자의 구강건강의 악화를 방지하며 나아가 환자의 전신적 회복에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.