• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of membrane exposure on new bone formation when guided bone regeneration with perforated titanium membrane on atrophic alveolar ridge. The present study attempted to establish a GBR model for four adult beagle dog premolar. Intra-marrow penetration defects were created on the alveolar ridge(twelve weeks after extraction) on the mandibular premolar teeth in the beagle dogs. Space providing perforated titanium membrane with various graft material were implanted to provide for GBR. The graft material were demineralized bovine bone(DBB), Irradiated cancellous bone(ICB) and demineralized human bone powder(DFDB). The gingival flap were advanced to cover the membranes and sutured. Seven sites experienced wound failure within 2-3weeks postsurgery resulting in membrane exposure. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks postsurgery for histologic and histometric analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was little new bone formation at 4 weeks postsurgery. irrespectively of membrane exposure. 2. There was significant relationship between membrane exposure and bone graft resorption(P<0.05), but no relation between membrane exposure and infiltrated connective tissue. 3. There was much bone graft resorption on DFDB than ICB and DBB. 4. The less exposure was on the perforated titanium membrane, the more dense infiltrated connective tissue was filled under the membrane when grafted with ICB and DBB. but there was no relationship between the rate of membrane exposure and the percentage of infiltrated connective tissue area and no relationship between the percentage of the area in the infiltrated connective tissue and in the residual bone graft. Within the above results, bone formation may be inhibited when membrane was exposed and ICB and DBB were more effective than DFDB as a bone graft material when guided bone regeneration.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2007

심한 치근 만곡을 동반한 매복은 흔하지 않으며, 특히 상악 전치의 경우에 그러하다. 이는 외과적 노출과 교정적 견인이 임상적으로 매우 어려우며, 치근유착, 치근의 외흡수, 교정적 견인 후 치근 노출 등의 위험이 있을 수 있기 때문이다. 비록 성공적으로 치료된 증례라 하더라도 치은의 심미를 향상시키기 위하여 치주수술이 필요한 경우가 많다. 본 증례보고는 발육중인 만곡된 치근을 가진 역위 매복된 상악 중절치의 closed eruption technique를 이용한 교정 치험예를 소개하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of infrared and visible light laser irradiation on cell viability of human gingival fibroblast. For the present study, the author used cultured fibroblast originated from sound gingiva which were fifth of sixth passage. Laser machine utilized here were stomalaser which irradiate infrared (GaAs diode) and red (HeNe) laser in turn with pulse wave pattern or continuous wave pattern, and the machine had several frequency mode presented by regeneration, relaxation and analgesic modalities. Cultured fibroblast samples were divided by this modalities of cell counts and laser exposure time which were 7-seconds of 150 seconds, respectively. 1 day after laser irradiation, each cell-well was treated with MTT and measured optical density with ELISA. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was a tendency of increasing optical density in proportion to irradiation time in groups of $1\times10^4$ cell per well but in groups of $5\times10^3$ cell per well, reverse phenomena were observed. 2. The difference of optical density according to frequency modalities were not showed significantly except several cases in groups of $5\times10^3$ cell per well. 3. In general, cell viability of cultured human gingival fibroblast wer not showed consistent feature by low level laser irradiation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of guided tissue regeneration therapy for human periodontal intrabony defects using two different collagen membranes: a porous nonchemical cross-linking collagen membrane (NC) and a bilayer collagen membrane (BC). Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly assigned and divided into the following 3 groups: a test group (NC+BM), in which a NC was used with xenograft bone mineral (BM), a positive control group (BC+BM), in which a BC was used with xenograft BM, and a negative control group (BM), in which only xenograft BM was used. The following clinical measurements were taken at baseline and 3 months after surgery: plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. Radiographic analysis was performed at baseline, 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Results: Membrane exposure was not observed in any cases. Significant probing depth reduction, attachment-level gain and bone fill were observed for both test and control groups compared to baseline at 3 months after surgery (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical improvement and radiographic bone fill between treatment protocols (P>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that both NC and BC were comparable in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects in human subjects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

Purpose: Peri-implantitis, a clinical term describing the inflammatory process that affects the soft and hard tissues around an osseointegrated implant, may lead to peri-implant pocket formation and loss of supporting bone. However, this imprecise definition has resulted in a wide variation of the reported prevalence; ${\geq}10%$ of implants and 20% of patients over a 5- to 10-year period after implantation has been reported. The individual reporting of bone loss, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth and inconsistent recording of results has led to this variation in the prevalence. Thus, a specific definition of peri-implantitis is needed. This paper describes the vast variation existing in the definition of peri-implantitis and suggests a logical way to record the degree and prevalence of the condition. The evaluation of bone loss must be made within the concept of natural physiological bony remodelling according to the initial peri-implant hard and soft tissue damage and actual definitive load of the implant. Therefore, the reason for bone loss must be determined as either a result of the individual osseous remodelling process or a response to infection. Methods: The most current Papers and Consensus of Opinion describing peri-implantitis are presented to illustrate the dilemma that periodontologists and implant surgeons are faced with when diagnosing the degree of the disease process and the necessary treatment regime that will be required. Results: The treatment of peri-implantitis should be determined by its severity. A case of advanced peri-implantitis is at risk of extreme implant exposure that results in a loss of soft tissue morphology and keratinized gingival tissue. Conclusions: Loss of bone at the implant surface may lead to loss of bone at any adjacent natural teeth or implants. Thus, if early detection of peri-implantitis has not occurred and the disease process progresses to advanced peri-implantitis, the compromised hard and soft tissues will require extensive, skill-sensitive regenerative procedures, including implantotomy, established periodontal regenerative techniques and alternative osteotomy sites.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with and without plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in the treatment of gingival recessions. Methods: Twenty bilateral buccal gingival Miller's Class I and II recessions were selected. Ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG and PRGF (test group). The rest ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG (control group). The clinical parameters including recession depth (RD), percentage of root coverage (RC), mucogingival junction (MGJ) position, clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing depth (PD) were measured at the baseline, and 1 and 3 months later. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: After 3 months, both groups showed a significant improvement in all of the mentioned criteria except PD. Although the amount of improvement was better in the SCTG+PRGF group than the SCTG only group, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean RC was $70.85{\pm}12.57$ in the test group and $75.83{\pm}24.68$ in the control group. Conclusions: Both SCTG+PRGF and SCTG only result in favorable clinical outcomes, but the added benefit of PRGF is not evident.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.332-342
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• 2019

Objectives: Socket grafting is vital to prevent bone resorption after tooth extraction. Several techniques to prevent resorption have been described, and various bone graft substitutes have been developed and used with varying success. We conducted this pilot study to evaluate the performance of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from chicken eggshells in socket preservation. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single center, outcome assessor-blinded evaluation of 23 sockets (11 patients) grafted with nHA and covered with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as a barrier. Bone width and radiographic bone density were measured using digital radiographs at 1, 12, and 24 weeks post-procedure. Postoperative histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) evaluation were performed. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: All patients had uneventful wound healing without graft material displacement or leaching despite partial exposure of the grafted socket. Tissue re-epithelialized with thick gingival biotype (>3 mm). Width of the bone was maintained and radiographic density increased significantly with a trabecular pattern (73.91% of sockets) within 12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis showed 56.52% Grade 3 bone formation and micro-CT analysis revealed newly formed bone with interconnecting trabeculae. Conclusion: Use of a PRF membrane with nHA resulted in good bone regeneration in sockets. Use of a PRF membrane prevents periosteal-releasing incisions for primary closure, thereby facilitating the preservation of keratinized mucosa and gingival architecture. This technique, which uses eggshell-derived nHA and PRF membrane from the patient's own blood, is innovative and is free of disease transfer risks. nHA is a promising economic bone graft substitute for bone regeneration and reconstruction because of the abundant availability of eggshell waste as a raw material.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.686-692
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• 2006

본 연구는 1998년부터 2004년까지 조선대 소아치과에 내원한 환자 중 상악 중절치와 상악 견치의 편측성 매복으로 진단되어 closed-eruption technique을 이용한 외과적 노출 후 교정 적 견인을 시행하고 치료가 끝난 24명 (상악 중절치 10명, 상악 견치 14명)의 환자를 대상으로 하여 정상적으로 맹출한 인접 및 반대측 치아와 매복치의 치주적인 상태를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치주적인 평가에서 gingival index와 plaque index, pocket depth와 부착 치은의 비교시 견인을 시행한 상악 중절치, 견치 모두 대조군과 비교하여 유의할 만한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 2. 상악 중절치의 골지지도 평가에서 근심부간과 윈심부간에 인접 중절치와 비교하여 유의할 만한 차이가 나타났다(P<0.05). 3. 상악 견치의 골지지도 평가시 견인치와 정상 맹출 치아간에 유의차를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 임상에서 closed-eruption technique을 이용한 외과적 노출 후 교정적인 견인을 이용한 매복치의 치료가 치은조직의 재생에 긍정적인 영향을 주고, 심미적으로 보다 안정적임을 알 수 있었으며, 상악 중절치 치료 시 견인의 방향과 힘 적용에 있어 정상 치조골의 양상을 유지하는지 관찰하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.803-823
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• 1999

In order to reveal immunopathogenesis of periodontal tissue destruction, it is important to clarify the molecular mechanism of trafficking and retention of activated leukocytes, including monocytes/macrophages. Gingival fibroblasts may be involved in the regulation of inflammatory cell accumulation in the extravascular periodontal connective tissues via cytokine production and surface expression of adhesion molecules. In this study, it was investigated the molecular basis for the adhesive interactions between monocytes and fibroblasts such as peri-odontal ligament fibroblast(PDLF), human gingival fibroblast(HGF), and human dermal fibroblast(HDF). First, it was examined the evidence whether monocyte-fibroblast cell contact may cause signal transduction in fibroblasts. Being directly in contact with fixed human monocyte cell line THP-1, or U937, upregulation of IL-6 production, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression and increased cell proliferation could be seen for fibroblasts. IL-6 production induced by monocyte- fibroblast coculture were further increased when fibroblasts had been pretreated with $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $IL-1{\beta}$ , and monocytes with LPS. Next, it was examined the expression of ICAM-1 which has been known to be involved in accumulation and activation of leukocytes in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. ICAM-1 was upregulated up to 10-fold on PDLF, HGF, and HDF by exposure to $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $IL-1{\beta}$. Furthermore, anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody clearly blocked cocultureinduced IL-6 production by fibroblasts, suggesting that $ICAM-1/{\beta}_2$integrin pathway is involved in periodontal fibroblastmonocyte interaction. Overall, these findings provide evidence that periodontal fibroblasts could be involved in the accumulation and retention of monocytes/macrophages in periodontal inflammatory lesion at least in part by ICAM-1 expression. In addition, periodontal fibroblast-monocyte interaction could cause activation signals in fibroblasts intracellularly which result in cytokine production and cell proliferation. Thus, periodontal fibroblasts are speculated to play an important role in immunoregulation and tissue destruction in chronic periodontal diseases by interaction with monocytes/macrophages.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2013

It has been established that berberine has strong antimicrobial effects. Little is known however regarding the antimicrobial activity of berberine against endodontic pathogenic bacteria or its cytotoxicity in human oral tissue cells. The antibacterial properties of berberine were tested against 5 strains of Enterococcus faecalis and type strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia, which are involved in endodontic infections. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) measurements. The viability of normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells after exposure to berberine was measured using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The data showed that berberine has antimicrobial effects against A. actinomycetemcomitans with an MIC and MBC of $12.5{\mu}g/ml$ and $25{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In the cytotoxicity studies, cell viability was maintained at 66.1% following exposure to $31.3{\mu}g/ml$ berberine. Overall, these findings suggest that berberine has antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. Nevertheless, lower concentrations in combination with other reagents will need to be tested before these in vitro results can be translated to clinical use.