• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.454-461
• /
• 2019

Background: Ikonnikov's whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) is found throughout the Korean Peninsula, as well as in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, China, and Japan. It is small-sized and primarily inhabits old-growth forests. The decrease and fragmentation of habitats due to increased human activity may influence the genetic structure of bat populations. This study was designed to elucidate the population genetic structure of M. ikonnikovi using mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b). Results: The results showed that M. ikonnikovi populations from Korea have high genetic diversity. Although genetic differentiation was not detected for the COI gene, strong genetic differentiation of the Cytb gene between Mt. Jeombong and Mt. Jiri populations was observed. Moreover, the results indicated that the gene flow of the maternal lineage may be limited. Conclusions: This study is the first to identify the genetic population structure of M. ikonnikovi. We suggest that conservation of local populations is important for sustaining the genetic diversity of the bat, and comprehensive studies on factors causing habitat fragmentation are required.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2024

The national diabetes and prediabetes prevalence rate has risen among Korean adolescents and adults. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly interrelated with genetic, metabolic, and environmental risk factors in clinical practice. In this study, we analyzed the association between genetic polymorphisms of the ABO gene with T2DM in the Korean population, we conducted an analysis of gene-phenotype correlation, based on an additive genetic model. A total of 8,840 subjects from the Korea Association REsource (KARE) were selected for this study. Using the genetic and epidemiologic data of 754 T2DM cases and 5721 normal controls from the KARE, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABO gene were analyzed for their genetic correlation. As a result, 8 SNPs out of the ABO gene demonstrated statistically significant association with T2DM. Among them, rs657152 in the ABO gene statistically showed the most significant correlation with T2DM (P-value=0.0084, OR=1.15, CI=1.04~1.28). The minor allele of A polymorphism within the intron genetic region of ABO directed increased risk of T2DM. This work reveals a significant association between genetic polymorphism in the ABO gene and T2DM. This finding suggested that ABO SNPs markers might be a genetic correlation to the etiology of T2DM.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.38-55
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was undertaken to provide the framework for development of a genetic counseling training program, and an accreditation and certification process suitable for non-M.D. genetic counselors in Korea. Materials and Methods: Global standards of genetic counseling curriculums, training program accreditation (TPA), and the certification process for genetic counselors (CPGC) in the U.S.A and Japan were reviewed, and a questionnaire survey was performed to elicit opinions among health-care providers including physicians, nurses, technicians, researchers, and educators. In addition, input from professional communities, including the Korean Society of Medical Genetics (KSMG) and Institute for Genetic Testing Evaluation, was sought in formulating the framework of this study. Results: Comparison of U.S.A. and Japan educational systems showed similarities in curriculum, accreditation, and certification programs. Analysis of 117 respondents opinions showed a high level of agreement in the area of global standards; 88% indicated that KSMG should be in charge of TPA and CPGC, while 77% favored a certification exam composed of both written exam and interview components. Conclusion: Based upon this study we propose that the KSMG should be in charge of providing the TPA and CPGC for non-MD genetic counselors. Requirements for the entrance to a Master's degree genetic counseling program should be open to successful four year undergraduate students in all areas, provided the candidates demonstrate the abilities to master the graduate level of study in human genetics, clinical genetics, statistics, psychology, and other required subjects. Eligibility for certification should include qualified candidates of genetic counseling with no formally approved education, but a sufficient amount of clinical experience, in addition to accredited program graduates. Certification examinations should be carried out every two years and the certification should be good for five years, as is the case in Japan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.441-444
• /
• 1998

The negative direct-maternal genetic correlation $(r_{dm})$ for weaning weight is inflated when data are analyzed with model ignoring sire-by-year interactions (SY). An analytical study investigating the consequences of ignoring SY was undertaken. The inflation of negative correlation could be due to a functional relationship of design matrices for additive direct and maternal genetic effects to that for sire effects within which SY effects were nested. It was proven that the maternal genetic variance was inflated by the amount of reduction for sire variance; the direct genetic variance was inflated by four times the change for maternal genetic variance; and the direct-maternal genetic covariance was deflated by twice the change for maternal genetic variance. The findings were agreed to the results in previous studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2004

This study suggests a general paradigm enhancing genetic mutability. Mutability among heterogeneous members in a genetic population has been a major problem in application of genetic programming to diverse business problems. This suggested paradigm is implemented to developing new methods from existing methods. Within the evolutionary approach taken to designing new methods, a general representation scheme of the genetic programming framework, called a kernel, is introduced. The kernel is derived from the literature of algorithms and heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems. The commonality and differences among these methods have been identified and again combined by following the genetic inheritance merging them. The kernel was tested for selected methods in combinatorial optimization. It not only duplicates the methods in the literature, it also confirms that each of the possible solutions from the genetic mutation is in a valid form, a running program. This evolutionary method suggests diverse hybrid methods in the form of complete programs through evolutionary processes. It finally summarizes its findings from genetic simulation with insight.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 1996

Molecular genetic approaches contribute to the understanding of the underlying genetic mechanism for schizophrenia. Currently genetic evidence rests on molecular genetic methods. However, the result are contradictory and somewhat confusing due to genetic heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, misspecification of genetic model. It is expected that molecular genetics could provide key answers to the genetic cause of schizophrenia. The purpose of this article is to call attention of the readers to heterogeneity, linkage, association, basic molecular genetic methods and genetic markers and to the need far further research. It is the author's hope thai continuous research on the molecular genetics con provide clinicians with better understanding of the schizophrenia.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.955-963
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 305-day cumulative milk yield and components, growth, and reproductive traits in Guzerá cattle. Methods: The evaluated traits were 305-day first-lactation cumulative yields (kg) of milk (MY305), fat (FY305), protein (PY305), lactose (LY305), and total solids (SY305); age at first calving (AFC) in days; adjusted scrotal perimeter (cm) at the ages of 365 (SP365) and 450 (SP450) days; and adjusted body weight (kg) at the ages of 210 (W210), 365 (W365), and 450 (W450) days. The (co)variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method for single-trait, bi-trait and tri-trait analyses. Contemporary groups and additive genetic effects were included in the general mixed model. Maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects were also included for W210. Results: The direct heritability estimates ranged from 0.16 (W210) to 0.32 (MY305). The maternal heritability estimate for W210 was 0.03. Genetic correlation estimates among milk production traits and growth traits ranged from 0.92 to 0.99 and from 0.92 to 0.99, respectively. For milk production and growth traits, the genetic correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.56. The genetic correlations among AFC and all other traits were negative (-0.43 to -0.27). Scrotal perimeter traits and body weights showed genetic correlations ranging from 0.41 to 0.46, and scrotal perimeter and milk production traits showed genetic correlations ranging from 0.11 to 0.30. The phenotypic correlations were similar in direction (same sign) and lower than the corresponding genetic correlations. Conclusion: These results suggest the viability and potential of joint selection for dairy and beef traits in Guzerá cattle, taking into account reproductive traits.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.8
• /
• pp.1156-1166
• /
• 2023

Objective: Pork belly is a cut of meat with high worldwide demand. However, although the belly is comprised of multiple muscles and fat, unlike the loin muscle, research on their genetic parameters has yet to focus on a representative cut. To use swine breeding, it is necessary to estimate heritability against pork belly traits. Moreover, estimating genetic correlations is needed to identify genetic relationship among the traditional carcass and meat quality traits. This study sought to estimate the heritability of the carcass, belly, and their component traits, as well as the genetic correlations among them, to confirm whether these traits can be improved. Methods: A total of 543 Yorkshire pigs (406 castrated males and 137 females) from 49 sires and 244 dam were used in this study. To estimate genetic parameters, a total of 12 traits such as lean meat production ability, meat quality and pork belly traits were chosen. The heritabilities were estimated by using genome-wide efficient mixed model association software. The statistical model was selected so that farm, carcass weight, sex, and slaughter season were fixed effects. In addition, its genetic parameters were calculated via MTG2 software. Results: The heritability estimates for the 7th belly slice along the whole plate and its components were low to moderate (0.07±0.07 to 0.33±0.07). Moreover, the genetic correlations among the carcass and belly traits were moderate to high (0.28±0.20 to 0.99±0.31). Particularly, the rectus abdominis muscle exhibited a high absolute genetic correlation with the belly and meat quality (0.73±52 to 0.93±0.43). Conclusion: A moderate to high correlation coefficient was obtained based on the genetic parameters. The belly could be genetically improved to contain a larger proportion of muscle regardless of lean meat production ability.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.10b
• /
• pp.299.1-299
• /
• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2017

Tuberculosis (TB), mainly disseminated by infection of the respiratory tract, remains an unsolved community health problem by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, because of the different susceptibility to MTB, people infected with MTB do not all develop TB. These differences of disease arise from individual genetic susceptibility as well as the property of the microorganisms itself. CD226, one of the genetic factors that influences TB, interact with its ligand PVR and ITGB2. It is induced various cellular responses that contribute multiple innate and adaptive responses. In a previous study, CD226 enhanced immune efficacy induced by Ag85A DNA vaccination that is secreted protein by MTB. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between six genetic polymorphisms of CD226 gene and TB status with Korean population. Our results show that two SNPs of CD226 were identified to associate with tuberculosis. The highest significant SNP was rs17081766 (OR=0.70, CI: 0.54~0.90, $P=5.4{\times}10^{-3}$). According to this study, polymorphisms of CD226 gene affect the outbreak of TB in MTB-infected patients. It is suggested that polymorphism of other genes also associated with immune responses results in susceptibility to TB. The results from this study suggest that not only the characteristics of the microorganism itself but also the genetic background of the individual may affect progression of TB in MTB-infected patients.