• Psychiatry investigation
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1071-1078
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• 2018

Objective We developed easily accessible imagery-based treatment program for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to workplace accidents and investigated the effects of the program on various PTSD related symptoms. Methods The program was based on an online platform and consisted of eight 15-min sessions that included script-guided imagery and supportive music. Thirty-five patients with workplace-related PTSD participated in this program 4 days per week for 4 weeks. Its effects were examined using self-report questionnaires before and after the take-home online treatment sessions. Results After completing the 4-week treatment program, patients showed significant improvements in depressed mood (t=3.642, p=0.001) based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety (t=3.198, p=0.003) based on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item (GAD-7) scale, and PTSD symptoms (t=5.363, p<0.001) based on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List (PCL). In particular, patients with adverse childhood experiences exhibited a greater degree of relief related to anxiety and PTSD symptoms than those without adverse childhood experiences. Conclusion The present results demonstrated that the relatively short online imagery-based treatment program developed for this study had beneficial effects for patients with workplace-related PTSD.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2021

Objective : This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among North Korean defectors during preparation for early settlement. In addition, the correlation between PTSD and other mental disorders with suicidal ideation was assessed. Methods : A total of 639 North Korean defectors aged 19-65 years were included from resettlement and training centers. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Diagnostic Scale (PDS). The prevalence of other mental disorders and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Korean version of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (K-PDSQ). Results : A total of 6.8% of North Korean defectors had a PDS score >23, which was suggestive of a diagnosis of PTSD. Prior repatriation to North Korea was significantly associated with PTSD. The defectors with PTSD had a higher prevalence of other mental disorders (major depressive disorder prevalence: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 14.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-31.2, panic disorder prevalence: AOR, 9.5; 95% CI, 4.6-20.0, generalized anxiety disorder prevalence: AOR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.4-13.2). No significant association was found between suicidal ideation and PTSD. Conclusion : North Korean defectors had a relatively high prevalence of PTSD and suicidal ideation during preparation for early settlement. Cohort studies are needed to assess the lasting effects of PTSD on North Korean defectors' settlement in Korea for a longer period.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the spread of a new type of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the mental state in school-age children and parents focusing on the aspects of sleep disorders and depression. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 123 parents and 108 school-age children who visited Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong from April 2, 2020 through April 25, 2020, via the direct writing method. Participants were assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression. Logistic regressions were used with a level of significance of 5%. The prevalence of GAD, depression, and poor sleep in parents were 34.1%, 17.1% and 44.7%, respectively. The prevalence of GAD in children was 20.4%. Logistic regression showed that stress from Emergency Alert Messages about COVID-19 was associated with GAD and depression in parents. In children, the degree of emotional change after COVID-19 was associated with GAD. This study confirmed that there was a change in the psychological status of children and guardians due to the epidemic of coronavirus disease-2019, and it would be necessary to consider their psychological status during dental treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between electronic cigarette use and mental health factors such as stress, suicidal thinking, and generalized anxiety disorder among Korean adolescents. Methods: Based on the 19^th (2023) Youth Health Behavior Survey, cross-analysis(Rao-Scott χ2 test) and complex design logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify e-cigarette use and mental health factors. Results: Lifetime use experience with electronic cigarettes (OR:1.218) and current use of electronic cigarettes (OR:1.266) for male adolescents and lifetime use experience of electronic cigarettes(OR:1.587 ) for female adolescents were influential factors on stress. Lifetime experience with e-cigarettes (OR:1.866) and current use of e-cigarettes (OR:1.651) for male adolescents and lifetime experience with e-cigarettes (OR:2.375) and current use of e-cigarettes (OR:1.841) for female adolescents were influential factors on suicidal thinking. Lifetime experience with e-cigarettes (OR:1.307) among male adolescents and lifetime experience with e-cigarettes (OR:1.616) among female adolescents were influencing factors for generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: Because there is a significant relationship between adolescent e-cigarette use and mental health, e-cigarette prevention education is needed early in adolescence.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.81-91
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• 2024

This study was conducted to determine the status of allergic diseases and mental health in adolescents, confirm the relationship between allergic diseases and mental health, and provide basic data for developing effective disease management measures for adolescents at the developmental stage. Secondary analysis was performed on the data from the 17^th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey, and complex sample descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and logistic regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 26.0 program. As a result of the study, those with one or more allergic diseases were 1.286 times more likely to have stress (B=1.286, p<.000), 1.289 times more likely to be depressed (B=1.289, p<.000), and 1.399 times more likely to have generalized anxiety disorder (B=1.399, p<.000) was highly likely to experience it. Additionally, factors affecting the mental health of adolescents with allergic diseases were gender, economic level, academic performance, drinking experience, and smoking experience. Stress and generalized anxiety disorder were more likely to be experienced by female students, if they had a lower economic level and academic performance, and if they drank alcohol or smoked. Male students were more likely to experience depression if their economic level and academic performance were higher, and if they did not drink alcohol or smoke. Based on these results, we hope to establish a practical approach by establishing effective strategies to manage allergic diseases in adolescents and the mental health conditions that may arise from them.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.33-45
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between dietary behavior and related factors according to the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adolescents. The results of analyzing demographic characteristics according to the GAD showed that gender, age, BMI, type of school, residence type, father's nationality, smoking and drinking experience, perceived health status, perception of body shape, economic status, academic achievement, physical activity, sedentary time and smartphone usage time were related to the GAD (p<0.01). The results of analyzing dietary behavior according to the GAD showed that the frequency of water intake, sweetened beverage intake, fast food intake, fruit intake and breakfast intake were related to the GAD (p<0.001). The results of analyzing depression and suicidality according to the GAD showed that depression, suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts were all related to the GAD (p<0.001). Even after adjusting for factors corresponding to demographic characteristics, it was confirmed that the level of GAD had a significant effect on depression and suicidality. This study is significant in that it provided basic data on adolescent mental health problems by analyzing dietary behavior and related factors according to the level of GAD.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2023

Objectives : Depressive disorder and anxiety disorder frequently co-occur, even at sub-threshold level. This study aims to identify network structure of co-morbid depression and anxiety at symptom level in nonclinical population and to reveal the central symptoms and bridge symptoms of the co-morbidity. Methods : This study was based on 2022 Asan Youth Mental Health Screening. Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms of 810 young adult participants from community sample. Network structure of co-morbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was estimated by Isingfit model. Results : Depressed mood, Restlessness and Nervousness were the most central symptoms in the network. Bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression were Restlessness and Irritability. Conclusions : This study revealed key central symptoms and bridge symptoms of co-morbid depression and anxiety in nonclinical population and provided potential insight for treatment targets to reduce co-morbidity.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

Background : In spite of the worldwide relevance of obsessive-compulsive disorder Ed-highlight : Unclear. Perhaps consider changing word choice. (OCD), there are considerable differences in prevalence, sex ratio, comorbidity patterns, and sociodemographic correlates. Data on subclinical OCD have been sparse to date. Methods : Data stemmed from the Korea Epidemiologic Catchment Area (KECA) study which had been carried out from April to December 2001. Korean versions of DSM-IV adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative sample of 6275 persons aged 18-64 living in the community. DSM-IV based criteria for subclinical OCD were applied. Results : The lifetime prevalence rates for OCD and subclinical OCD were 0.8% and 6.6%, respectively. In both OCD and subclinical OCD, the rates for males and females were not statistically different. OCD was demonstrated to be associated with depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and alcohol and nicotine dependence. Additionally, subclinical OCD was associated with posttraumatic stress and somatoform disorders. Comorbidity rates in subclinical OCD were lower than those in OCD. Conclusions : The lifetime prevalence rate for OCD was less than 1% in the Korean general population. Age distribution and comorbidity patterns suggest that subclinical OCD represents a broad and heterogeneous syndrome and not simply a milder form of OCD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

PURPOSE: Physical therapists are at risk of becoming infected because they are in contact with or within 2 meters of the patient while treating them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anxiety and depression of physical therapists during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify the factors that affect anxiety and depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the pandemic. The survey were completed by 84 physical therapists in 24 local hospitals in Gwangju, South Korea. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate their anxiety and depression status. Logistic regression models were used to identify the general characteristics factors related to anxiety or depression. RESULTS: It was found that 40 (47.6%) respondents had anxiety, and 37 (44%) had depression. If there was a child under the age of seven in the physical therapist's family, a high probability of anxiety (p < .05) prevailed. Physical therapists in their 30s had a higher risk of depression than those in their 40s (p < .05). The risk of anxiety and depression in physical therapists who were with patients who did not wear masks was higher than for those who were with patients who wore masks (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The anxiety and depression status of physical therapists in Gwangju, South Korea, during the pandemic of COVID-19 was poor. It is necessary to wear a mask for all people during physical therapy.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2017

Objective : This study evaluated the factor structure of a Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (K-PSWQ) with exploratory factor analysis in healthy adult subjects, and confirmatory factor analysis of subjects who have received psychiatric treatment. Methods : Exploratory principal component analysis was conducted with data from 318 non-psychiatric subjects, and 118 psychiatric patients were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (maximum likelihood estimation). Participants were voluntary visitors at the booth who agreed to undergo screening for anxiety disorder at 2013 & 2014 Korea Mental Health Exhibitions. Results : Exploratory analysis revealed a two factor structure of the scale with total variance of 56.3%. Factor 1 was considered 'Worry engagement', and factor 2 was considered 'Absence of worry'. However, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported that both one factor model with method factor and two factor model are fit to structure of the scale considering fit indices. Internal consistency of total questions was good (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.899$). Conclusion : Our results supported the previously suggested factor structure of the PSWQ, and proved factorial validity of the K-PSWQ in both populations.