• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.113-127
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• 2016

This study was aimed to analyzing the fashion style worn during the election campaign in the 16-18 Korea presidential candidates. In order to derive a comprehensive fashion style of each candidate it was classified as outfits, items, colors, patterns, accessories and the like. Research data was collected through literature, newspapers, Internet sites, etc., and SPSS statistical package was performed. In research data, 16 presidential candidates photographs were 87, 17 presidential candidates photographs were 82, 18 presidential candidates photographs were 155 as photograph by exposure to the media during each presidential campaign. The results of this study are as follows: In the fashion style of presidential candidates, male candidates mainly dressed in a tie and suit, but the 18 candidates dressed in casual wear unlike previous candidates. In tie color, 16 appeared in the red series, 17 election and 18 election appeared in blue series. Female candidate, Park Geun-hye candidate dressed in the combination of a jacket and blouse and pants. Therefore fashion style of presidential candidates got a strong symbolic image functions as political lines, ideologies, beliefs, and the campaign promises. Because describing the fashion style of candidates based on the statistical result, it requires attention to generalization.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

About the orthogonal Hadamard matrix announced by Hadamard in France in 1893, Professor Moon Ho Lee newly defined it as Center Weight Hadamard in 1989 and announced it, and discovered the Jacket matrix in 1998. The Jacket matrix is a generalization of the Hadamard matrix. In this paper, we propose a method of obtaining the Symmetric Jacket matrix, analyzing important properties and patterns, and obtaining the Jacket matrix's determinant and Eigenvalue, and proved it using Eigen decomposition. These calculations are useful for signal processing and orthogonal code design. To analyze the matrix system, compare it with DFT, DCT, Hadamard, and Jacket matrix. In the symmetric matrix of Galois Field, the element-wise inverse relationship of the Jacket matrix was mathematically proved and the orthogonal property AB=I relationship was derived.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Previous work has shown that men both explain and value the act of explaining more than women, as explaining conveys expertise. However, previous studies are limited to English. We conducted an exploratory study to see if similar patterns are seen amongst Japanese speakers. We examined three registers of Japanese: conversational interviews, simulated speeches, and academic presentations. For each text, we calculated two measures: lexical density and the percentage of the text written in kanji. Both are indicators of expository language. Men produced significantly higher scores for the interviews and speeches. However, the results for the presentations depend on age and academic field. In fields in which women are the minority, women produce higher scores. In the field in which men are the minority, younger men produced higher scores but older men produced lower scores than women of the same age. Our results show that in academic contexts, the explainers are not necessarily men but rather the gender minority. We argue that such speakers are under social pressure to present themselves as experts. These results show that the generalization that men tend to explain more than women does not always hold true, and we urge more academic work on expository language.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.167-185
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• 2012

This study aimed at finding points of improvement in teaching expertise by analyzing the question patterns that appeared during teaching demonstrations which applied science teaching models prepared by a pre-service biology teacher. The question analysis frame for analyzing question types were categorized largely into the question types of Category 1 (questions in cognitive domain, questions with research function, questions in affective domain), Category 2 (repeated questions, questions for narrowing the range, practice questions), and Category 3 (questions on student activity progress, memory questions, and thinking questions). The results of analyzing question patterns from five different science teaching models revealed a high frequency of questions in the fields of cognition and memory. For the circular learning model, questions from the cognitive field appeared the most often, while, student activity progressive questions in particular were used mostly in the 'preliminary concept introduction stage' of the circular learning model and the 'secondary exploratory stage', in which experiments were conducted, and displayed the characteristics of these stages. The discovery learning model combined the courses of observation, measurement, classification and generalization, but, during teaching demonstrations, memory questions turned up the most, while the portion of inquisitive function questions was low. There were many questions from the inquisitive learning model, and, compared to other learning models, many exploratory function questions turned up during the 'experiment planning stage' and 'experiment stage'. Definitional questions and thought questions for the STS learning model turned up more than other learning models. During the change of concept learning model, the five concepts of students were stimulated and the modification of scientific concepts was very much aided by using many memory questions.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.153-164
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• 2009

This Paper presents the severity analysis result of the year 2006 national pedestrian crashes using the data base of 37,589 records prepared for the National Police Bureau. A set of attributing factors considered to affect pedestrian crash patterns were selected, and their contributing effects were investigated by applying the Ordered Logit Model. This model was selected because this model has been able to afford satisfactory results when the dependent variable involved ordered severity levels; fatal, injury, and property- damage-only in this investigation. The investigation has unveiled the followings; First, the pedestrian crash patterns were dependent upon human -drivel and pedestrian- characteristics including gender, age, and drinking conditions. Second, other contributing factors included vehicle, roadway geometric, weather, and hour of day characteristics. Third, seasonal effect was not contributive to crash patterns. Finally, the application of the Ordered Logit Model facilitated the ordered severity level analysis of the pedestrian crash data. This paper concludes that conventional wisdom on the pedestrian crash characteristics is largely truthful. However, this conclusion is limited only to the data used in this analysis, and further research is required for its generalization.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.95-126
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to compare learners' academic texts with academic texts of native speakers and to examine the usage patterns of learners' objectification strategies in detail. In order to achieve objectivity as a discourse mechanism applied to describe the results of academic inquiry in a scientific way with universality and validity, we analyzed concepts and signs such as related intentionality, accuracy, and mitigation of the linguistic markers of objectification strategies. As a result of the comparison, it was analyzed that there are intersectional overlaps with the signs that reveal objectivity, signs indicating related mechanisms, and there is a different set that is differentiated. Objective markers can be broadly classified as emphasizing stativity of research results, separating research subjects from research results, and generalizing research contents. Sustainable expressions and noun phrases emphasize statehood, and non-inhabited expressions, passive expressions, and self-quotations are maintained in the distance between the claimant and the writer, and the pluralization through first-person pronouns and suffixes contributes to generalization. In the case of the learner, the non-inhuman expression of the quotation type appears to be very less compared to the maw speaker, which could be due to the lack of recognition of the citation method of the Korean academic text. Next, in the generalization of the research contents, the expression of 'we' was very less compared to the maw speakers.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2008

With the corporate environment nowadays being surrounded by plenty of information, the sharing of information among businesses through mutual cooperation tops the list of hot issues. Predictions of demands from the customer, business, or consumer by sharing information can affect the inventory and order production system. However, notwithstanding the importance of sharing information, empirical studies on quantitative use of information still remain insufficient in spite of many a discussion now being made on the sharing of information. This paper proposes to examine the ways meteorological information may affect the rises in the achievements of supply chains in distributive businesses, the kind of information that noticeably affects the consumer behavioral patterns in the distributive businesses but rarely perceived as a form of information shared by businesses. This study is based on a model in which meteorological information has been added as the one used to predict demands, after the beer distribution game has been modified to fit the current status, and simulations under an assumptive situation, where decisions are made on a daily basis, were conducted 50 times for a period of 1000 days for the generalization of the results, while at the same time a Duncan Test was conducted to determine the threshold to use the meteorological information that will be most profitable to the retailer, wholesaler, supplier and the supply chain as a whole. Our findings indicate that corporations have thresholds that vary from business to business depending upon the ratio of backlog costs to inventory costs. At the same time, our findings also show that there existed effective thresholds depending upon the ratio of backlog costs to inventory costs for the performance of the overall supply chain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.157-164
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• 2015

An efficient retrieval of useful information is a prerequisite of an optimal decision making system. Hence, A research of data mining techniques finding useful patterns from the various forms of data has been progressed with the increase of the application of Big Data for convergence and integration with other industries. Each technique is more likely to have its drawback so that the generalization of retrieving useful information is weak. Another integrated technique is essential for retrieving useful information. In this paper, a uncertainty measure of information is calculated such that algebraic probability is measured by Bayesian theory and then information entropy of the probability is measured. The proposed measure generates the effective reduct set (i.e., reduced set of necessary attributes) and formulating the core of the attribute set. Hence, the optimal decision rules are induced. Through simulation deciding contact lenses, the proposed approach is compared with the equivalence and value-reduct theories. As the result, the proposed is more general than the previous theories in useful decision-making.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.559-570
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• 2017

This study has the objective of finding out the impact of veblen effect and bandwagon effect on the choice behavior of hair salon. A structured survey questionnaire was used targeting 1,000 women over the age of 20. For the sample, proportionate stratified sampling method was utilized for the generalization of the findings. For analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis were performed by utilizing SPSS ver.19.0. Two hypotheses were set for the achievement of the research purpose. Hypothesis 1. Veblen effect will affect the hair salon choices. Hypothesis 2. Bandwagon effect will affect the hair salon choices. It was verified that the veblen effect and bandwagon effect greatly affects the patterns in the choice of hair salons. It appeared that the research hypotheses of 'Veblen effect will affect the hair salon choices.' and 'Bandwagon effect will affect the hair salon choices' could be partly adopted. The results of the study show that most of the users choose the hair salon with their friends, acquaintances or people they interact with.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2002

The current study confirmed the existence of an ip prosodic level in French intonation structure, as previously proposed by Sun-Ah Jun & $C\acute{e}cile$cile Fougeron (2000). However, in contrast to the previous suggestion of the plateau realized in an ip in several syntactic structures, the current study supposed that the plateau doesn't come from the different type of syntactic structures but arise from the unspecified syllables without any PA in an ip. Because if we limited ip phrasal tone to the syntactic structure, it would be difficult to find the more general reasons of ip level. Besides /Hi/ and /$H^*$/ we also used /$Hi^*$/ for the focused syllable in the current study. In emphasized sentences, in general, /$Hi^*$/ appeared in the first or second syllable of a leftward AP in an ip and /$H^*$/ in the final syllable of a rightmost AP of an ip, In contrast to these PAs, /$Hi^*$/ might appear in any syllable in an ip, but not to far from /$H^*$/ because the duration time and length t of plateau realized between /$Hi^*$/ and /$H^*$/ or /Hi/ and /$H^*$/ would make an essential harmonious rhythmic unit, Therefore, the current study determined the duration time and the number of syllables realized in each plateau in an ip level composed of more than one AP. As a phrase constituent structure, there is a practical need for intermediate prosodic units to allow for generalization over the many possible combinations of prosodic patterns that can occur. Further evidence is still needed to analyze and relate the different pitch ranges of the plateau of an ip according to the syntactic structure, to identify the considerable character in the French prosodic hierarchy.