• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.41-53
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• 2004

This study introduces the process of the field test of ETCS that has been performed by six enterprises for selecting the type of ETCS that will be applied to the internal tall roads. The main communication modes of six enterprises are active RF(radio wave)type and IR(optical wave)type. In this study, communication modes and systems, which are being used by each enterprises, have been compared and analyzed. Besides this, the configuration and the basic performances of the system have been checked. After those, the contents of the field performance test classified by the items of the test and the results of the test, finally, have been analyzed. Through analyzing the test, it is found that an enterprise using IR type and two enterprises using RF type satisfied the standards of the test and the others failed to meet the standards. However, the enterprises seem to be becoming stable by a large number of tests and the effort for improving from general point of view. Although the methods of performance evaluation in this field test considered enough patterns that are used in the present highway or Hi-Pass, there might possibly be some problems in the results because Korea Highway Corporation had decided the method and the number of times of the test according to their own standards about the various situations that can happen. Therefore, it will be needed to develop the method of standards for testing the performance which can be correspond with driver's behavior that can actually happen on the highway or the methods of transportation management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.128-141
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the under-researched field of the characteristics of th Chosun private railway, such as laws, systems, human resources, and subsidies associated with this railway, in an effort to increase our understanding of these characteristics. It was found that the private railway shared strong identity resemblance with a national project, as it served to assist the roles of the main national railway. General patterns of change of the company indicate that the private railway received increased subsidies consequent to the amendment of a related law and that it was strongly influenced by Japan's railway policies. The private railway system during the Chosun period more subsidies than those administered by Japan, and they tended to depend on fund raising for external capital. A tendency of many board members to be from the Chosun bureau was also noted. Profits in the private railway system were relatively low compared to those of the national railway such that the deficits were supplemented by the subsidies redeived. Based on corroborating examples, the private railway system can be said to have been an organization that had strong connections with national projects. It was especially related to regional industries according to an examination of the distribution of lines, which shows that most assisted the main railway or coincided with regions undergoing industrial development. Typically, northern areas were for resource development while southern areas were for agricultural production and/or passenger transportation. The company carried dual traits as it operated as a subsidiary enterprise for peripheral profit while also playing a role in transportation.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-167
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• 2000

This paper is designed to make a research into the process of the formation and introduction of design management system necessary for the strategic utilization of design at a management love on the part of domestic small business. This paper is limited to the study of the general problems ralated to the design management of the domestic small business companies producing consumer goods. 1 made an examination of the necessity of the introduction of design management and of the necessity of design development in connection with the administrative features of small business, identifying the actual condition of design by the small business and discussing the actual situation of design management and tasks to tackle. lastly, 1 made a suggestion of the process, whose aim lies In the inside establishment of the design management system deemed desirable for the domestic companies. 1 have come to the following conclusions. First, small business should make use of design development so as to keep their competitiveness and to enhance their administrative features. Second,. design can serve as a means for making a speedy response in the companies'differentiation strategies arid strategies for markets with a lot of opportunities. Third, the utilization of design at an administrative love on the part of the small business works in the light of enterprise communications, organizations, business and marketing and so on. Fourth, the majority of small business are weak when it comes to organization, manpower and environment in relation to design. So it is necessary to introduce and construct the design management system. Fifth, the managers of the small business should first of all take a strong interest in and have a renewed understanding of the importance of design. I made a suggestion that the small business should carry out a process constructing the design-management system based on the design organization and manpower, but stopped short of confirming my suggestion in a corroborative way.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

Since Korean construction firms have steadily advanced into the international market, small and medium construction companies (SMCCs) have also advanced in such market. SMCCs's recent trend have clearly shown the changes of contract types from single subcontractor projects to multiple general contracting projects. However, among those multiple projects performed by SMCCs, 1 out of 3 projects were deficit projects that impact the overall pe rformance of the firm. To increase such performance, risk management for in international construction must be managed at the enterprise level for SMCCs. This research aims to create a multiple project management model for SMCCS that employs the concept of acceptable risk to assess the limit risk level for corporation to acceptable. Using the accumulated data from previous survey and International Construction Association of Korea (ICAK), integrated risk of each firm and their profitability of each project are analyzed. Through the analysis, each firm's acceptable risk level is derived. Through the two research steps, acceptable risk algorithm was developed based on corporate integrated risk and profit correlation. To prove the acceptable algorithm relevance, financial statement analysis of 3 corporation was derived that level of acceptable risk and financial statement were available. Through the approach, this research allows the firms to analyze the firm's capability and find projects that suits the firm's situation and capability.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2016

Generally a venture capital aims at investment and support Venture businesses that signifies a start-up which has high technologies but frailty of the economy so that raise fund from financial agencies at high risk rate, it has high risk but when the venture businesses launch into general orbit, the venture capital guarantee high-rate profits. Venture capital do not just provide risk capital but also takes a role as a mentor for continuous growth with total consulting service at business and technical management. Also it offers in-depth support to reform the supported enterprise in order to enhance the competitive. Venture capital receives attention for years as a principal agent to be promoted strategically at national level. Bio venture, a major concern of venture capital and one of core industries in Korea, is different from other industries because it needs long-term and large scale of investment. these factors bring about difficulties in an investment and growth. Therefore, it is very important to identify growth and profitability of start-ups and small and venture businesses with long-term appreciation above all other industries. This research analyze management results of bio venture businesses empirically by investment from venture capital. according to the results, bio venture businesses need huge capital and a long gap of time, henceforth, formation of model for growth is necessary with angel investing as well as venture capital. Since, there are not many listed bio venture businesses, significant statistical result would be limited. This research studied at only economic focus but further study need to examine a question from various angles.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.87-114
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• 2008

The cultured tuna production which has suddenly expanded at the short time and the demand for it attract attention. Farming mode, distribution transactions, change of the market (domestic and international) and the price trend are reviewed from the Japan's position which is the biggest consuming country. This paper tries to describe the current status of the food system related to the cultured tuna. Japanese government began the development of the tuna culture technology in 1970. It was by the Fisheries Agency's project. Kinki University which is the large scale private university in Japan participated in the project. After that, 32 years have passed. Kinki University established the full farming of the bluefin tuna in August, 2002. On the other hand, in 1974, one Japanese private enterprise began its tuna farming business in Canada. Kinki University gave this company technical cooperation. Also, in the early stages of the 90s, as for the policy of the overseas fishery cooperation foundation, it supported the tuna farming business in Australia. It is very clear to understand that the long-term technological-development has supported the take-off scene of the tuna culture business not only in foreign countries but also in Japan. The total shipment scale of the cultured tuna expanded very much within about 10 recent years. However, the decrease of the wild tuna catch, the reinforcement of the fisheries regulation and the tuna body to dwarf are remarkable now. Under the condition as the mentioned above, Japan's tuna consumption, especially, in the market at the fatty meat of tuna of the cultured tuna is building up firm status. At present, the Mediterranean Sea coastal countries, Australia, Mexico and Japan have the tuna farming sites. Australia farms the southern bluefin tuna. The others do the bluefin tuna. About for 3 years, Japan farms the juvenile of the tuna. The global production areas are as follows. 8 coastal countries of the Mediterranean Sea; 18,000 tons (61 % of the cultured tuna quantity in foreign countries), Mexico; 4,500 ton (15%), Australia; 7,000 tons (24%). In 2003, Japan has 32 managements and 39 offices for tuna farming. In Japan, Kyushu and Okinawa district, the share shows itself as 80 % of the domestic production quantity. Especially, the share of Amami-oshima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture exceeds 60 %. Therefore, this island has the maximum production scale of Japan. The amount of supply of BT and SBT was 56,000 tons in 2004. In Abroad, the tuna farming business forms a fixed connection between the importer and the wholesaler which have their office in Japan. In the field of the capital composition, the payment in advance, transaction and the way of settlement, each maintains their fixed relation. The market conditions of the cultured tuna are supported by "the decline of price level" and "the expansion of the general public consumption segment". These lead a team merchandising, and it is supported by the fixed business connection of each. This makes the profit of each business which are on the cultured tuna distribution. However, they have competition on the power balance among them.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.199-208
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• 1997

The emphasis of simplicity in design is because of the desire to deliver much content with a simplest way. Since in general, a simple form is outstanding in its symbolical nature and the relief of plastic beauty is easy by it, it is usually applied to a form of a symbol mark. However, in the meantime, if any local autonomous group or enterprise which has not tried to give efforts to its advertisement than they might expect and might be disadvantageous in competition. For consumers, when they experienced several, forms of simple, symbol mark, would not remember the special features of each mark. Rather, for the psychology of perception, they might remember only the formative, common features, there by grouping the marks by their common features. In this study, some symbol marks in Dobong-gu Ward Office and Wonju city were inspected, reviewed, and analized. And its is a finding that the subjects of this study could not distinguish or identify any of marks from another mark having a similar image of it: the reason is that the simplicity of a symbol mark made or allowed them to recognize it identical with the other imaged: it proves that the mistakes, defects of memory, and accumulated errors are oriented to the identical image. After all, the appearented image and perceived image are differnt. Any of symbolmarks which takes a simple form does not mean the perceived image is also simple. As a final conclusion, designers, in order to produce any of competitive symbolmarks, need to thoroughly understand psychology of gestalt.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.191-202
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• 2006

Recently the market environment surrounding business firms has been remarkably changed due to the increasing variety of consumption value and taste. On account of technological gap becoming narrower among business firms, the most important thing is for the soft value, such as that of emotional and subjective factors, in order for business firms to be able to create such strategic positioning, for which business firms should first look carefully into latent needs and values of the consumers. Since such products possessing those factors are able to supply the consumers with an appropriate value in attractive forms and meanings, new product development for the valuable products initiates a very important strategic action for securing the strategic positioning. The purpose of this paper is to study the strategic position and role of design in new product development strategy. Design has become the momentous competence of an enterprise in the most recent. Design performs its strategic role as a bridge between a business firm and the consumers. Consumers perceive value added by their purchase of products with attractive designs offered by business firms and, then, satisfy their emotional and subjective value with the products. This study, however, reviewed a new angle on the role of design as an implement for discovering consumers' latent needs and values which could be main factors for obtaining the strategic positioning. In other words, this study intended to suggest a new strategic role of design as value suppliers in new product development strategy for firms formulating and implementing their business strategies. For the new angle on the role of design, this study discussed a new approach of design strategy and intended to formulate its system first. And then, it suggested a general idea for strategic design analysis and its methodology, ethnography, as a strategic value creator. Finally, the suitability and usefulness of strategic design analysis for new product development strategy was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.2 s.111
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• pp.69-85
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• 2007

Despite the recovery of consumer expenditure and retailing in the Korean economy after 2001, the domestic apparel industry has been aggravated by negative growth in both productivity and production. The purpose of the stud? is to diagnose the develop competitive of the Korean apparel industry and derive implications for this after estimating the efficiency of the Korean apparel companies with Data Envelopment Analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a methodology based in non-parametric analysis and linear programming. It was developed for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of firms that use inputs to produce outputs. Data used fer input and output variables in the analysis are drawn from financial statement recorded by the Korean Financial Supervisory Service. The initial input data comprise the number fo the employees, fixed assets, general management and selling expenses, and cost of sales. The initial outputs are the operating profit and the gross margin. To summary the results, the efficiencies of the Korean apparel companies has increased yearly in spite of being overabundance of investment in Labour and Capital. According to correlation between input and output variables, the Korean apparel industry has been revamping gradually from labor intensive industries to the capital. The companies need to reduce costs in the results from the number of employees, fixed asset and cost of sales to transform into an efficiently enterprise. The companies owning or obtaining a brand had bitter establish an outsourcing strategic in production, while OEM corporations are called far setting up a manufactory in domestic or abroad. Although the paper is derived some implications with production efficiencies, the relation between apparel companies and brand power, consumption level of consumer, and social trend is remained on a limitation to the study. The next research necessitates a topic with Fashion industry or examining the correlation between brand value, social propensity and profit margin.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-103
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• 2016

The Korean Army has to construct a system that will enable it to cope immediately with the flexible military relationships in Northeast Asia by systematizing and improving the efficiency of operations. These improvements include building a smart and strong army, concentrating on cost-effective combat skills, maximizing the utilization of private resources, and establishing a military structure based on information and technology. Accordingly, this study proposes solutions to solve the problems affecting the success of outsourcing in the defense industry. Unlike outsourcing in other government ministries, outsourcing in the national defense sector may be unrealistic because this strategy is related to the renovation project of the Ministry of the National Defense. In general, the objective of outsourcing in the defense industry, similar to other businesses, is to improve efficiency and not to reduce troops and national defense budget. Several factors, such as identification and security guarantee, risk reduction, cost saving, quality improvement, the reliability of enterprise, and professional technology, are necessary to ensure outsourcing success in the national defense sector. In terms of effectiveness, the improvement in service quality significantly influences outsourcing success in the national defense sector. Eventually, the national defense forces must be strengthened to prevent the provocative actions of North Korea and other threats by improving identification, sense of national security, and quality unlike the current outsourcing of the government, as well as emulating German GEBB or PMC, which utilizes social capital.