• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the country image, the pre-assessment, and the usage intention about overseas internet shopping mall service in china and how these factors are related to one another according to internet shopping mall using experience. And this study divided the country image for internet shopping mall service into two components : general country attribute and general service product attribute. In this study it is found that the country image of international internet shopping service is directly related to the pre-assessment, and the pre-assessment is related to usage intention especially in case that chinese consumer has a lot of internet shopping mall using experience. In the other case, the general country attributes affect the general service product attributes but the general service product attributes don't have any relationship with the pre-assessment. For a successful international internet shopping mall service business in China, marketer should recognize that it is important to formulate the policy extending the internet shopping mall experience as well as using the country image.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.33-51
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to provide practical implications for Korean companies searching for new market opportunities. From the experimental analysis, the impact of country image on product-country image and purchase intention of Korean products are measured. In addition, this study disaggregates the impacts of country image and product-country image and purchase intention among ethnic groups in South Africa for searching further useful implications. Design/methodology - To examine South African consumers' country image and product-country image towards Korean products, data were collected between June and July 2019 through an online questionnaire, and 335 questionnaires were used for analysis. Firstly, the multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the general tendency of South African consumers' perceptions of country image to Korea, product-country image, and purchase intention among three ethnic group consumers. Then in order to verify the country image model and hypotheses of the study, we analyzed the structural models for each of the three ethnic groups and compared the sizes of the path coefficients for each groups. To compare the difference of path coefficients across ethnic groups, configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance tests were conducted sequentially. Findings - In the black and white ethnic groups, the country image had a statistically significant impact on product-country image, but it did not affect the purchase intention to Korean products. The product-country image showed a statistically significant impact on the purchase intention to Korean products in both ethnic group. However, in the coloured ethnic group consumer, the country image had a significant effect on the product-country image, but it did not affect the purchase intention of Korean products. In addition, the product-country image did not have a significant influence on the purchase intention of coloured ethnic group consumers unlike black and white ethnic group consumers. The results of this study suggest that even though differences in terms of the impact of CoI on PCI and PI were investigated for the sample of white, coloured, and black respondents, the groups seemed to respond in a reasonably comparable manner. Originality/value - South Africa occupies more than 20% of Africa's total GDP in sub-Saharan Africa and is a hub for Southern African logistics as a hub for Korean companies to enter Africa. However, it is rare to find a study focused on the determinants of consumer behavior in South Africa. In particular, this study disaggregates the impacts of country image and product-country image on consumer behavior across ethnic groups in South Africa. Therefore, this study could provide practical implications for Korean firms which desire to diversify their export markets and pioneer future markets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.251-265
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• 2014

China is the biggest market for the Korean fashion industry. However, China is still difficult in regards to market entry and market success in China despite the geographical proximity. This study investigated the image of Korea and its impact on brand identity, brand attitude and intention to purchase with a focus on Chinese consumers in order to identify the variables of a country's image that affect a consumer's intention to purchase. The results of this survey targeted 214 Chinese consumers who were used for the final analysis. The survey subjects were female consumers in their 20s and 30s, living in metropolitan cities in China. Exploratory factor, reliability and frequency analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0; in addition, confirmatory factor and path analyses were administered with AMOS 18.0. We identified two general images of Korea (economy and culture), two images of Korean (stylish and friendly) and three Korean fashion-product related images (quality, design and prestige). The results of the structural equation model were as follows. 1) Economy factor exerted significant effect on quality and prestige. 2) Stylish factor exerted a significant effect on all of the Korean fashion product images (quality, design and prestige). Friendly factor exerted positive impact on prestige. 3) All of the Korean fashion product images significantly influenced brand identity. 4) Brand identity exerted a significant effect on brand attitude. Lastly, brand attitude significantly affected intention to purchase.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.251-274
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• 2008

This article investigated competitiveness evaluation of Korean product in German market that it is the most difficult to entry among EU countries in order to gain the upper hand against other MNCs. Specially, this empirical study analyzed product evaluation by using country image, corporate image and purchase experience. As the empirical results, Korean economy image and general image are significant. This means that German consumers have good image for economic, social and cultural image, so these factors influence product evaluation through halo effect. Also, we analyzed the effect of brand purchase experience and knowledge for Korea on product evaluation of German consumer. The results that country competitiveness and image play a role into product evaluation provide implication that we should make not only country image but also developed political, cultural image.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2022

The current study examines how ethnocentrism influences the relationship between country image, product image, quality, and purchase intention for foreign goods. It is necessary to explore and analyze the connection between consumer ethnocentrism and purchase intention to develop marketing strategies that influence consumers' purchasing decisions. Accordingly, this article develops the research model to determine the impact of specific product determinants on consumer purchase intention towards foreign products. An online survey was carried out to reach the research objective. Four hundred effective questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 23 and Smart PLS 3.3. The results showed that foreign product quality and image have a significant positive impact on consumers' intentions to buy foreign goods. Furthermore, consumer ethnocentrism significantly moderates product quality and purchase intention relationships. The study's findings could help marketers develop effective marketing techniques while also being helpful to academics and consumers in general.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2011

To determine the quality control of UGIS, we acquired 105 patients sampling image at 21 general screening centers. The results of image quality evaluation table containing two countries's UGIS showed that the mean of image qualified education table of our country was 73.3 and the standard error was 4.49; In addition, 19 organizations of 21 general screening centers were given appropriate judgement. The average of image qualified education table of Japan was 58 and the standard error was 4.45. Only 8 organizations were given appropriate judgement. Although we made the image quality evaluation tables with same images, there were many differences in the result of two tables. We figured out the problem about the description of whole stomach and photograph skills. Furthermore, we analysed the situation of the UGIS at each general screening center with the acquired images. The biggest problem of the UGIS of our country was that the procedures were performed without clear medical methods. Methods of UGIS were different at every 21 general screening centers, and most of them did not take exam of anterior surface of stomach of the UGIS. In addition, some general screening centers did not include mucosal relief method or esophagography which is required to include in the image qualified education table of our country. Because polisography is used in the same body position, the problem occured about indiscreet exposure dose of patients. Therefore we have to make an effort to get X-ray images which have enough diagnosis information by the quality control of UGIS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.14-28
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• 2009

Exoticism, by definition, is 'the charm of the unfamiliar', usually because of associations with a distant country. In the western-centric world, exoticism implies non-western or oriental style. The purpose of this study was to identify Koreans' perception of "Exoticism", and to compare the perception of exotic fashion image according to gender and education differences. Empirical study was composed of two parts focusing on gender and education effects respectively. For the first part, data were collected by self-administered questionnaires distributed to 280 respondents at 2 universities and 2 high schools during August and September 2005. The sample was consisted of 140 male and 140 female. A measurement, including 24 image adjectives to evaluate 16 fashion stimuli, was developed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlations, t-test, and MDS. There was no difference in the perception of exotic fashion image according to gender. Both gender groups perceived exotic image as western image and non-exotic image as oriental image. Thus it could be said that Koreans perceive western-based fashion as foreign and exotic. This finding implies the relativity of "Exoticism." In the second part, the measurement and the analysis methods were the same with the first part. The respondents were consisted of 70 fashion majored female students and 70 non-fashion majored female students. There was considerable difference between fashion and non-fashion major groups in their perception of exotic fashion image. Whereas non-fashion major group perceived exotic image as western image and non-exotic image as oriental image, fashion major group perceived exotic image as both western and oriental image. This result suggested that fashion major group have western-centered conception as well as general perception character of Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

As the interest on popular culture has began to be expanded to a general living culture through 'Korean Wave(韓流)' and is in profess of the 'strategy to support Korean(韓) brand' to enhance our cultural standard and create a worldwide brand value in traditional culture. The purpose of this thesis is to make suggestion for production of an effective and differentiated advertisement photo in Korean(韓) brand fashion product on the basis of a Korean image. First, the Korean image is like the unique culture or history in Korea which enables us to feel our identity such as Korean clothes, houses, Hangul. Especially it was found out that the characteristic of a traditional costume in our country included a natural beauty, neatness, purity and calmness, etc and positive intention was expressed on a production of a fashion, photo, graphic of a Korean image.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2016

Korean popular cultural content, "Hallyu", is prevalent in China, and those have changed some life styles of the Chinese people, who are crazy with it. Korean popular cultural content is more than a cultural phenomenon, it has enhanced the national image of the country and the tourism department, especially those popular products which are closely related to our daily life. From this point of views, the current study is to identify the relationship between Korean popular cultural contents, Korean image, and visiting intention to Korea. The questionnaire takes a volunteering method, and analyzed the general characteristics through SPSS21.0. Factor analysis and reliability analysis are provided in order to test the reliability and validity. As the result of the study, Korean popular cultural contents can enhance economic and culture image of Korea, and those are the main factor for the potential customers from China to visit Korea. This study can provide information for maintaining popular cultural contents and gives an implication for enhancing the Korean tourism policy.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2008

The Ministry of Science and Technology has been planning various events and carrying them out as the effort for promotion and popularization of science. The ministry has made followings: i)Science culture year, 2004 ii) Physics year, 2006 iii)Chemistry year, 2007 iv)Biology year, 2008. Especially, in 2006 the ministry held various exhibitions and contests about chemistry. The science play "Oxygen" had been presented in the whole country, 2006. From 2006 to 2007 the moving science museum had been displayed many times in the whole country. The national broadcast media KBS made a special program and televised several times to commemorate the year of chemistry. Like that in 2006 the chemistry approached to general people. In these surroundings, we wondered how chemistry was expressed in daily newspaper and how the general public accepted chemistry in the year of chemistry, 2006. So we selected four daily newspaper and researched descriptions about chemistry then analyzed the image of chemistry in that descriptions. When we research, we first selected 5 words of high frequency. On the internet research engine we used these 5 words and searched descriptions. We read and sorted descriptions which were more connected to chemistry. Finally we analyzed the images of descriptions(affirmative or negative) and character. The chemistry's image on newspaper descriptions influences people greatly. Because that is the easiest channel.