• 대한교통학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.263-277
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• 2016

고속도로 공사구간은 차로의 차단 및 공사구간 내 다양한 시설물에 운전자가 노출되기 때문에 사고가 빈번하게 발생하는 구간이다. 공사구간 중 완화구간은 차로차단으로 인하여 차량의 합류가 발생하므로 사고의 위험도가 높다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주행 시뮬레이션(Driving Simulation)과 교통 시뮬레이션 (Traffic Simulation)의 연계 분석을 적용하여 세 가지 유형의 차로합류 기법에 대한 안전성을 비교 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 기존 차로차단 기법보다 사전 유도기법 또는 Joint Merge기법이 안전성 측면에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 서비스 수준(LOS) A, B인 경우 사전 유도기법이 적정 합류기법으로 판단되었으며, 서비스 수준 C의 경우 Joint Merge기법이 적정 합류기법으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 현재 운영되고 있는 차로차단 기법 외에 공사구간 교통상황에 따른 다양한 합류기법의 적용 타당성을 주행 및 교통 시뮬레이션의 연계분석을 통하여 안전성 관점에서 평가하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-220
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• 2006

This paper presents the first version of a Korean glossary of terms for structural developmental abnormalities in common laboratory animals, mainly rats, mice and rabbits. This is a translation of the glossary entitled Terminology and Developmental Abnormalities in Common Laboratory Mammals that was edited by the International Federation of Teratology Societies(IFTS) Committee on International Harmonization of Nomenclature in Developmental Toxicology. The purpose of the Korean glossary is to provide a common vocabulary that will reduce confusion and ambiguity in the description of developmental effects, particularly in submissions to regulatory agencies worldwide. The glossary contains a primary term or phrase, a definition of the abnormality, and notes, where appropriate. Selected synonyms or related terms, which reflect a similar or closely related concept, are noted. Non-preferred terms are indicated where their usage may be incorrect. Modifying terms used repeatedly in the glossary(e.g., absent, branched) are listed in Appendix A, and syndrome names are generally excluded from the glossary, but are listed separately in Appendix B. The glossary is organized into broad sections for external, visceral, and skeletal observations, then subdivided into regions, structures, or organs in a general overall head to tail sequence. Numbering is sequential, and not in any regional or hierarchical order, Uses and misuses of the glossary are discussed. Updates of the Korean glossary are planned based on the comments received.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.280-284
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• 1997

한국의 병원 구조에서는 우리 실정에 맞게 QA를 조직하고 운영하여야 한다. QA 실은 원장 직속 기구로 두고, QA 위원회의 자문을 받는다. 의료 보험과 QA의 근원지 국가들에서는 보험 심사실이 없고, 심사 업무를 QA실에서 하고 있다. 심사실과 QA 실이 이미 따로 설치된 병원에서는 이들을 통합하고, QA 실을 신설하고자 하는 병원은 심사실을 QA 실로 전환시킨다. 심사 간호사회가 이를 적극적으로 찬성하고, 이를 수용 할 준비를 하고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.997-1016
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• 2015

The contribution of tensioned concrete between cracks (tension-stiffening) cannot be ignored when analysing deformation of reinforced concrete elements. The tension-stiffening effect is crucial when it comes to adequately estimating the load-deformation response of steel reinforced concrete and the more recently appeared fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete. This paper presents a unified methodology for numerical modelling of the tension-stiffening effect in steel as well as FRP reinforced flexural members using the concept of equivalent deformation modulus and the smeared crack approach to obtain a modified stress-strain relation of the reinforcement. A closed-form solution for the equivalent secant modulus of deformation of the tensioned reinforcement is proposed for rectangular sections taking the Eurocode 2 curvature prediction technique as the reference. Using equations based on general principles of structural mechanics, the main influencing parameters are obtained. It is found that the ratio between the equivalent stiffness and the initial stiffness basically depends on the product of the modular ratio and reinforcement ratio ($n{\rho}$), the effective-to-total depth ratio (d/h), and the level of loading. The proposed methodology is adequate for numerical modelling of tension-stiffening for different FRP and steel reinforcement, under both service and ultimate conditions. Comparison of the predicted and experimental data obtained by the authors indicates that the proposed methodology is capable to adequately model the tension-stiffening effect in beams reinforced with FRP or steel bars within wide range of loading.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Background: Quality of postoperative care may be improved by management of postoperative pain. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia have several advantages over general anesthesia and parenteral analgesics in managing the postoperative pain. We retrospectively reviewed records of obstetrical patients who underwent the cesarean sections under epidural anesthesia to evaluate perioperative analgesic use, side effects, and complications. Methods: All patients received epidural anesthesia consisting of 0.25% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 100 ${\mu}g$ fentanyl, followed by epidural analgesia with 0.1% bupivacaine and 12.5 ${\mu}g$/ml fentanyl at rate of 2 ml/hr for 48 hours. Patients' records were reviewed for: medications administered for pain relief, incidence of nausea and vomiting and pruritus, and presence of respiratory or cardiovascular depression. Results: Over 18 months, 1,054 patients' records were reviewed. Average age was 27.8 years (18~43 years). 768 patients (72.9%) received no additional drugs for the pain relief. Intramuscular analgesics, ketoprofens, were one time administered to 247 patients (23.4%), 39 patients (3.7%) received two more dosages. The time of administration was $8.3{\pm}4.3$ hours postoperatively. Antiemetics, for example, low-dose droperidol, were administerd one time for 160 patients (15.2%), 5 patients (0.5%) received two or more administrations. The medication was administered $5.1{\pm}4.2$ hours postoperatively. Drugs for relief of pruritus, low-dose naloxone, were administered one time for 108 patients (10.2%), 10 patients (0.9%) received 2 or more dosages. The time of administration was $6.3{\pm}4.2$ hours postoperatively. None of the patients experienced cardiovascular nor respiratory (<8 breath/min) depression. Conclusions: Postoperative continuous epidural analgesia in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl is an effective method of providing postoperative analgesia with low incidence of side effects.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2002

The advent or high-strength steel has enabled the arch structures to be relatively light, durable and long-spanned by reducing the cross sectional area. On the other hand, the possibility of collapse may be increased due to the slender members which may cause the stability problems. The limit analysis to estimate the ultimate load is based on the concept of collapse mechanism that forms the plastic zone through the full transverse sections. So, it is not appropriate to apply it directly to the instability analysis of arch structures that are composed with compressive members. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ultimate load carrying capacity of the parabolic arch by using the elasto-plastic finite element model. As the rise to span ratio (h/L) varies from 0.0 to 0.5 with the increment of 0.05, the ultimate load has been calculated fur arch structures subjected to uniformly distributed vertical loads. Also, the disco-elasto-plastic analysis has been carried out to find the duration time until the behavior of arch begins to show the stable state when the estimated ultimate load is applied. It may be noted that the maximum ultimate lead of the parabolic arch occurs at h/L=0.2, and the appropriate ratio can be recommended between 0.2 and 0.3. Moreover, it is shown that the circular arch may be more suitable when the h/L ratio is less than 0.2, however, the parabolic arch can be suggested when the h/L ratio is greater than 0.3. The ultimate load carrying capacity of parabolic arch can be estimated by the well-known formula of kEI/L$^3$where the values of k have been reported in this study. In addition, there is no general tendency to obtain the duration time of arch structures subjected to the ultimate load in order to reach the steady state. Merely, it is observed that the duration time is the shortest when the h/L ratio is 0.1, and the longest when the h/L ratio is 0.2.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the influence of sexual behavior, body image, social support, and other characteristics on sexual satisfaction in patients with breast cancer according to their participation in a support group. Method: Data was collected by self-report questionnaires. Participants included 63 patients attending a support group and 76 patients who did not participate in the support group. The questionnaire sections consisted of sexual satisfaction, sexual behavior, body image, social support and information on general characteristics, disease-related characteristics, and sexual life-related characteristics. Result: There was no statistically significant difference in sexual behavior, body image and sexual satisfaction between the two groups. Social support scores were significantly higher in the support group. Sexual satisfaction was positively related with sexual behavior, post-op change of sexual intercourse frequency, body image, and patient's education level, and negatively related to age in the support group. Sexual satisfaction was positively related with sexual behavior, social support and body image in the non support group. Sexual behavior is predictable 37.0% of sexual satisfaction in the support group. Sexual behavior, body image, and social support is predictable for 38.0% of the sexual satisfaction in non support group participants. Conclusion: Implications point to the need for the development and implementation of programs that focus specifically on sexual life issues for breast cancer patients, as well as further research measuring the effects of such intervention programs. Continuous education and counseling through participation in support groups can contribute to promote and affirm a healthy sexual life for patients with breast cancer.

• 인지과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.277-302
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• 2014

이 논문의 목적은 지각의 본성에 대한 알바 노에의 행화이론(enactive theory)의 내용과 의의 그리고 문제점을 검토하는 데 있다. 다음 세 가지 이슈들을 중심으로 논의를 진행한다. (i) 과연 몸이 마음의 형성에 아주 특별한 기여를 한다고 볼 수 있는가? (ii) 노에가 두뇌중심주의에 대한 유효한 반대 증거들을 제시하고 있는가? (iii) 노에의 이론이 외적 대상들의 지각을 만족스럽게 설명하는가? 논문의 2장과 3장에서는 각각 (i)과 (ii)에 초점을 두고 노에의 이론에 대해 제기될 수 있는 비판을 다룰 것이다. 그런데 이러한 비판들은 결국 체화된 인지 일반에 대해 제기될 수 있는 비판들이다. 즉, 딱히 노에 이론에 국한된 문제점이라고 할 수 없다. 노에 이론의 특징과 핵심적인 의의를 드러내기 위해서는 (iii)에서 제기된 "지각 현존의 문제(the problem of perceptual presence)"에 주목할 필요가 있다. 이 문제에 대한 노에의 설명이 정확히 어디에 문제점이 있는 지를 밝히는 것이 4장의 목적이다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.661-672
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• 2008

이동 애드혹 네트워크는 이동 호스트들만으로 이루어진 자율적인 네트워크로 그 활용 범위가 점차 다양한 분야로 확대되어 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이동 애드혹 네트워크는 무선 링크의 취약성과 중심이 되는 기반 구조의 부재로 인해 모든 네트워킹을 구성하고 있는 노드들의 협력에 의존하고 있어 일반 네트워크 보다 보안 측면에서 훨씬 심각한 위험에 노출되어 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 클러스터 기반으로 구성되는 계층적 이동 애드혹 네트워크 구조를 사용하여 중심이 되는 기반 구조의 부재를 해결하고 각 계층 노드 간 상호인증을 통하여 보안 취약점을 개선하여 신뢰할 수 있는 노드들만이 통신에 참여할 수 있도록 하는 클러스터 기반 동적 인증 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법이 이동 애드혹 네트워크의 보안 취약점을 보완하고 신뢰성이나 확장성 측면에 있어서 기존의 기법보다 우수함을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9523-9527
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• 2014

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many Asian countries and microRNAs have already been proven to be associated with tumorigenesis. Currently, microRNA-376a (miR-376a) expression and association with clinical factors in CRC remains unclear. In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on 53 matched pairs of CRC and adjacent normal mucosa to investigate the expression levels of miR-376a. According to the high or low expression of miR-376a, patients were divided into two groups. The relationship between miR-376a expression and clinicopathological factors of 53 patients was evaluated. Survival analysis of 53 CRC patients was performed with clinical follow-up information and survival curves were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue to investigate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. MiR-376a showed low expression in cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues and altered high miR-376a expression tended to be positively correlated with advanced lymph node metastasis and shorter patient survival. VEGF IHC positivity was significantly more common in patients with high expression levels of miR-376a.Those results demonstrated that miR-376a may be a meaningful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.