• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 2018

A new urban paradigm that moves from a vehicle-centric to pedestrian-centric culture should be considered to improve the quality of the pedestrian environments for women, children, senior citizens, and disabled persons as well as to promote community unification by providing general movement rights to everyone. This study was implemented to provide decent alternatives to improve street spaces. The street spaces around the Commercial and Residential Area No.1 located in the Administrative-Centered City, Sejong Special Autonomic City, were selected to analyze and define the status of the walkways and the street spaces. Satellite imagery and numerical maps were used to collect geographic data. Practical and actual surveys for the selected sites were performed to analyze the street status and the pedestrian status. Based on the all collected data, analysis results, and literature reviews, the questionnaire was made, and 315 inquiries qualified for analysis. The physical status of all four study sites was the highest level, Grade A, and green open spaces were relatively sufficient. As a result, the factors obtained from the factor analysis have an impact on the satisfaction of the pedestrian streets in the commercial area. The factors are as followed Design > Convenience > Roadside trees and rest areas > Safety > Safety protective facilities > Transportation and information facilities > Continuity > Basic state of road surfaces > Comfortability, and in the residential area: Transportation and information facilities > Basic state of road surfaces > Comfort > Convenience > Continuity > Design > Illumination and crime prevention facilities > Safety > Roadside trees and rest areas.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1340-1345
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• 2003

In this paper, an integrated optimal design software system for structural components has been developed which interfaces existing commercial codes for CAD, CAE and Optimization. They include specialized optimal design software codes such as iSIGHT and VisualDOC, optimization module imbedded in CAD software developed by CAD developers, and optimal design software systems based on API of commercial CAD software. The advantages of the CAD imbedded optimal design approach and those of specialized optimal design software are taken to develop the system. The user defines optimal design formulation in the user interface for problem definition in the CAD control stage, where design variables are directly selectable from the CAD model and various properties and performance functions defined. The commercial CAD codes, Open I-DEAS are used for the development. The resulting software is minimally connected to CAD and CAE systems while keeping maximum independence from each other. This assures flexibility and freedom for problem definition. Fatigue life optimization is taken as a nontrivial application area. As a specific example, the shape design of a knuckle part of an automobile is performed, where the minimum fatigue life over the material domain in terms of the number of cycles of a curb strike are maximized under the constraint of not exceeding the current mass. The fatigue life has been improved by four times of the initial life. The developed software is illustrated to maintain the advantages of existing optimal design software systems while improving independency and flexibility.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

From the definition of the cruise ship mission based on the investigation of the customer needs and statistical estimates and to design of the residence area of the cruise ship, in this study a conceptual design of the traditional ship parts (the lower hull) was carried out. for the light weight estimation of the cruise ship, several methods that have been used for commercial ships were evaluated to adapt for the cruise ship, the main particulars of the ship were determined with the light weight estimation and the assumed dead weight. From these main particulars of the ship, the hull form was developed with CFD verification and the general arrangement for the lower hull was achieved. For several loading conditions the intact stability of ship was checked.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-55
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• 1998

This study describes the works on development of a scenario-based WBT system of electronic commerce to introduce and activate electronic commerce in our society because it is mostly required to correctly understand electronic commerce and timely educate its users and technicians for entering into global electronic commerce that binds every commercial area regardless of the borders and nationalities. This system, WBT(Web - Based Training of Electronic commerce), consists of two parts. The one part provides a general concept of EC. This is developed to meet the needs of beginner for EC. The other is a simulator for cyber shopping mall. It is designed for teaching how to shop at cyber shopping mall based on various scenarios. In addition, we can simulate ourselves for EDI, which enables trading partners to conduct routine business transaction, such as purchase orders, invoices and shopping notices with it. Our commitment to the development of this application is consistent with the objectives of being easy to learn electronic commerce and its applications in real world.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.308-318
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• 2022

The surface modification and treatment using thermal plasma were reviewed in academic fields. In general, thermal plasma is generated by direct current (DC) and radiofrequency (RF) power sources. Thermal spray coating, a typical commercial process using thermal plasma, is performed by DC thermal plasma, whereas other promising surface modifications have been reported and developed using RF thermal plasma. Beyond the thermal spray coating, physical and chemical surface modifications were attempted widely. Superhydrophobic surface treatment has a very high industrial demand particularly. Besides, RF thermal plasma system for large-area film surface treatment is being developed. Thermal plasma is especially suitable for the surface modification of low-dimensional nanomaterial (e.g., nanotubes) by utilizing high temperature and rapid quenching. It is able to synthesize and modify nanomaterials simultaneously in a one-pot process.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.78-81
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• 1995

In imaging the samples or human internal organs in a tube shape, general RF-probe types (that encircles a sample or places on top of the sample) are usually unsuitable for the internal imaging due to the degradation of signal-to-noise ratios(SNR's). In the present study the inside-out probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been constructed in the three different shapes such as an anti-solenoidal, a saddle and a dual surface types which are positioned as close to the area as possible by putting the probe inside the tubelike sample to improve filling factor. RF-field distributions have also been calculated depending upon the geometrical changes of anti-solenoid probes. Moreover, the performance of the inside-out probes has been checked by measuring SNR's of the images acquired. The inside-out probes constructed in this study produced better SNR's and rf-field uniformity in the area close to the probes in comparing with any other commercial probes. There is a high possibility that the constructed probes in the present study are applicable to the diagnosis of human bodies.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1630-1641
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• 2010

LCC can be defined as "the sum of present values of investment costs, capital costs, installation costs, energy costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs over the life-time of the project, product, or measure." LCCA involves estimating the costs and timing associated with each alternative over a selected analysis period and conversion of those costs to economically comparable values considering the time-value of money. The several Excel-Based LCC tools found on the internet are described in this paper. Also, This paper performed an analysis of the existing LCC commercial tools, assessing various aspects of each program. The goal was to evaluate the best features of each tool and to identify the requirements for LCC evaluation of Urban Transit Vehicle. The LCC tools are developed to address problems in many different areas and a tool developed and structured for one area cannot generally be used in another area. No general LCC tool exists and if one is needed for Urban Transit Vehicle it has to be developed by the project. Since a full LCC can be very complex it is likely that this Excel-Based LCC tool should be a small and simple tool for quick cost estimates. This paper presents a LCC tool consisting of eight excel sheets, which are "Project", "CBS", "PBS", "PM", "CM", "Others", "LCC Result" and "Diagram".

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.406-413
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• 2013

The objective of this research is to find out status and consciousness about shrouds according to changes of Jeju's rural funeral ritual while reviewing Jeju's traditional shrouds. Consciousness of customs regarding tradition is much stronger in Jeju Island. Since it was said that shrouds and changes of funeral ritual have very systematic correlation according to the result of precedent researches, changes of funeral rituals of Jeju's rural area were examined. At the same time, consciousness about traditional shrouds of Jeju people was also studied. As the result of examination through literary investigation, visits to rural homes, visits to production places of Jeju's shrouds and interviews with grandmothers designated as human cultural assets of traditional Jeju shrouds, etc, it was found out that Jeju's rural funeral rituals had been rapidly changed since 2000. Traditional Jeju shrouds are also disappearing. In particular, old women of Jeju have considered preparation of their own and their husbands' shrouds in advance as a virtue. However, as it gradually became more difficult to produce and prepare traditional shrouds at homes and as the space of funeral was changed from their own houses to hospitals and/or commercial funeral homes, it was found out that a ratio of people's using general shrouds sold in market was increased and it is believed that this kind of trend will be accelerated more and more in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the approach characteristics, relation to other facilities, and current status focusing on 28 total of exhibition-culture facilities in Gangneung. The results are following as. First, 19 facilities are located in urban area and nine are located in country side. With locational characteristics of Gangneung which is mountains in west and sea to east, three are located in high hill side and four are in sea shore among nine facilities. Facilities in urban area converge to Gungpodae and Ojukhuk which are symbol space in Gangneung. Those facilities started to have been increased from 1990s and rapidly increased from 2000s. The reason is that people have been interested in culture and art in society in general. In building structure, buildings related with traditional contents were constructed with wooden structure while buildings have been mainly constructed with modern ways such as steel and reinforced concrete structure. Second, the 28 facilities are classified into three types by function of other space or facilities within same a site or a building. The three types are themselves usage only, multi-function, and park type. The multi-function type is re-classified into two; public type and commercial type. Those functions have changed according to changes of society and times. Finally, for approaching to the exhibition-culture facilities with general transportation, the mean distance from the closest bus stop to those facilities each is 280m and 27 facilities are located within 670m from the closest bus stop. For approaching way using by car creates movement along road-building site-parking space-main entrance of building. When based on main entrance by the movement, parking space located in front side of main entrance is the largest, next is in the side, and the least is in back side. Various factors such as approaching form from road to parking space and space size between main entrance and parking space influence to approaching ways of exhibition-culture facilities in Gangneung.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.533-542
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• 2007

The general characteristics of fine particle and meteorological analysis of high $PM_{10}$ concentration day which was over $100{\mu}g/m^3$ in busan were investigated for period of 2002 to 2006. Annual mean concentration including Asian dust day was $68.7{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2002, $54.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2003, $60.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2004, $58.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2005 and $58.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2006, respectively. Seasonal mean concentration was $73.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in Springtime, $56.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in Summertime, $55.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in Wintertime and $54.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in Falltime, respectively. Mean concentration for land use was 69.2 $37.0{\mu}g/m^3$ in industrial area, 64.2 $35.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in rural area, 62.6 $34.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in commercial area and 55.3 $33.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in residential area, respectively. Frequency of synoptic pattern for high $PM_{10}$ concentration day was 18 days(16.7%) in I type, 27 days(25.0%) in II type, 10 days(9.3%) in III type, 5 days(4.6%) in IV type, 13 days(12.0%) in V type and 29 days (26.9%) in VI type, respectively. Frequency of long range transport sector for high $PM_{10}$ concentration day was 9 days(8.3%) in I type, 64 days(59.5%) in II type, 34 days(31.5%) in III type, 1 days in IV type, 0 days, respectively.