• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

In order to investigate the Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng, we have studied the effects of ginseng saponin on the proliferation and cytosine gene expression of human pheripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In the PBMC proliferation assay, total saponin exhibited proliferation inhibition on the PBMC or phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion. Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng were further investigated using the cytokine gene expression as the indicators. In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor genes were expressed in the PHA-stimulated PBMC 48 hrs after cell culture. Among expressed cytokines, total saponin could increase the expression of IL-1 and TNF of PBMC without stimulation of PHA. All of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Rc, Re, incresed TNF gene expression. Especially, Rb2 (20 g/ml) showed most prominent effect on TNF gene expression and it also slightly increased IL-1 gene expression of PBMC.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) gene on the production of a heterologous protein, a comparative expression system for VHb and ferritin was constructed. First, the VHb gene was inserted into the downstream and upstream regions of the ferritin gene to construct pHF2 and pHF3, respectively. Next, the two plasmids pACHB1 and pVUTFH10, having the VHb gene and the ferritin gene respectively, were constructed in order to express the two genes in different plasmids by using a coplasmid expression system. It was observed that the cell growth was improved in all strains containing the VHb gene. Furthermore, in our coplasmid expression system, the presence of the VHb gene increased production of the ferritin by 1.8 times, as much as that in a strain not having the VHb gene.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2020

최근, 유전자교정 작물의 상업화 승인 건수가 급속하게 늘어나고 있으며, 국내에서도 유전자교정 작물의 개발에 대한 집중적인 투자를 통하여 국제경쟁력을 높이기 위하여 노력하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 유전자변형작물의 상업화 과정에서 끊임없이 제기되어온 인체 및 환경에 대한 잠재적인 위해성 논란이 유전자교정 작물에 대하여서도 제기되고 있다. 특히, 비의도적 돌연변이(off-target)가 가장 큰 논란의 중심이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 리뷰는 식물이 내포하고 있는 장점인 배수체, 체세포 돌연변이 그리고 자연 상태에서 아그로박테리아의 T-DNA 단편의 수평 전이로 창출된 자연적인 유전자변형작물과 기존에 상업화가 승인된 유전자변형작물 이벤트들의 게놈 내 비의도적 돌연변이 사례 등을 검토한 결과 유전자교정 작물에서 나타나는 대부분의 비의도적 돌연변이는 인체 및 환경에 미칠 수 있는 위해성을 우려할 만한 수준이 아니라고 할 수 있었다. 이에, 유전자교정 작물의 안전성 평가를 위하여 새로운 규정을 제정할 필요가 없으며 기존의 유전자변형작물의 안전 관리규정을 일부 "용어의 정의" 등만 개정하여 적용하면 충분할 것으로 사료 되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.289-292
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• 2001

Gene targeting allows precise, predetermined changes to be made in a chosen gene in the mouse genome. To date, targeting has been used most often for generation of animals completely lacking the product of a gene of interest. Models of essential hypertension have been produced by mutated genes relating renin angiotensin system. The most significant contribution to understanding the genetic etiology of essential hypertension is probably the demonstration that discrete alterations in the expression of a variety of different genes can individually cause changes in the blood pressures of mice, even when the mice have all their compensatory mechanisms intact. These effects are readily detected in animals having moderate decreases in gene function due to heterozygosity for gene disruptions or modest increases due to gene duplication. As a species the mouse is highly resistant to atherosclerosis. However. through induced mutations it has been possible to develop lines oj mice that are deficient in apolipoprotein E, a ligand important in lipoprotein clearance, develop atherosclerotic lesions resembling those observed in humans. The atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice have been well characterized, and they resemble human lesions in their sites of predilection and progression to the fibroproliferative stage. Other promising models are mice that are deficient in the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Considerable work still remains to be done in dissecting out in a rigorous manner the effects of alterations in single genes on the induction or progression of atherosclerosis and on the control of blood pressures. Perhaps even more exciting is the opportunity now becoming available to breed animals in which the effects oj precise differences in more than one gene can be studied in combination.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Sayeoksanhap-Pyeongweisan-Gambang (SPG) on gene expression in rats damaged by CCl4 Methods : We investigated the effects of SPG on gene expression in terms of microarray methods in rat liver which were obtained from rats damaged by CCl4. Results : Decreased gene expressions, which were induced by single injection of CCl4, were restored to those in normal rats by administration of SPG or herbal acupuncture. In acupuncture group, gene expressions were restored by 80% of those in control group. In oral administration group and combination group, gene expressions were restored above 90% of those in cuntrol group. Conclusion : These results suggest that oral administraion of SPG was useful to protect liver against CCl4 by its restoration of gene expressions in liver resected from rat damaged by CCl4.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.13-32
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to elucidate the effects of Danchisoyo-san (DS) on cell damage and gene expression in UVB-exposed dermal fibroblast. Methods: To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of DS on aging of the skin, we used human dermal fibroblast(F6) and UVB light(30 mJ/$cm^2$) was used to damage to dermal fibroblast. We measured the nitrite production, LDH release, and gene expression in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast to elucidate the actionmechanism of DS. Also, we evaluated the amount of increased PICP, TIMP-1 in dermal fibroblast. PICP, TIMP-1 concentration was measured using EIA kit, and gene expression (MMP-1, procollagen, c-fos, c-jun, NF-kB, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, iNOS) were determined using real-time PCR. Results: 1. DS inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast. 2. DS suppressed the gene expression of MMP-1 in UVB-irradiated dermal fibroblast. 3. DS increased the gene expression of procollagen in UVB-iradiated dermal fibroblast. 4. DS suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS in UVBirradiated dermal fibroblast. 5. DS increased the gene expression of Bcl-2 in UVB-iradiated dermal fibroblast. 6. DS increased the cell proliferation of dermal fibroblast. Conclusions: From the results, we concluded DS increases the cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblast. So we suggest that DS has the antiwrinkle effects.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives: This study seeks to investigate the effects of Gamidohongsamul-tang (GDT) on the Gene expression levels of eNOS, KLF2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVEC cells. Methods: HUVEC cells were treated at a concentration of 1, 10, 100 (${\mu}g/ml$) of Gamidohongsamul-tang (GDT). To measure the NOS, KLF2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression in HUVEC cells, the synthesized cDNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was performed to verify gene expression level. Results: 1. GDT significantly increased eNOS and KLF2 gene expression. 2. GDT significantly reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression. Conclusions: These experiments suggest that Gamidohongsamul-tang (GDT) regulates gene expression related with anti-dyslipidemic effects in HUVEC cells. In order to clinically apply this to diseases related to dyslipidemia, such as cardiovascular disease, additional in vivo experiments are needed to verify the anti-dyslipidemic effects of GDT.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2001년도 제2회 생물정보학 국제심포지엄
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• pp.103-127
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• 2001

Gene expression studies require statistical experimental designs and validation before laboratory confirmation. Various clustering approaches, such as hierarchical, Kmeans, SOM are commonly used for unsupervised learning in gene expression data. Several classification methods, such as gene voting, SVM, or discriminant analysis are used for supervised lerning, where well-defined response classification is possible. Estimating gene-condition interaction effects require advanced, computationally-intensive statistical approaches.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis of lung disease. This Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Sochungyong-tang on gene expressions in Mouse Alveolar Macrophage. Fer this purpose, we observed the cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, $MIP-1{\alpha},\;MIP-1{\beta},\;MIP-1{\gamma},\;TGF-{\beta},\;TNF-{\alpha}$). We picked the alveolar macrophage out of mice and cultured it. We analyzed the cytokine gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR. The results obtained were as follows : 1 . Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on $IL-1{\beta}$ in time and concentration. 2. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on IL-6 in time and concentration. 3. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on IL-10 in concentration. 4. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on iNOS. 5. Sochungyong-tang showed inhibitory effects on $TGF-{\beta}$ in time and concentration. 6. Sochungyong-tang showed on inhibitory effects on $MIP-1{\alpha},\;MIP-1{\beta},\;MIP-1{\gamma}$, $TCF-{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$. According to above results, it is supposed that Sochungyong-tang has the inhibitory effects on cytokine gene expression in mouse alveolar macrophage and can be usefully applied for curing inflammatory process of lung disease. Advanced studies are required to investigate the cure mechanism of Sochungyong-tang in the future.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.765-777
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• 2008

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to examine whether Gamijinhae-tang and Socheongryong-tang-ga-seokgo significantly affect both PMA-induced mucin production and MUC5AC gene expression from airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods : Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of JHT and STS and treated with PMA (10ng/ml), to assess the effects of the agents on PMA-induced mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, the effects of the agents on PMA-induced MUC5AC gene expression from the same cells were investigated. Possible cytotoxicities of the agent were assessed by examining the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells after treatment of agents during 48 hrs. Results : (1) JHT and STS did not show significant cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. (2) JHT significantly decreased PMA-induced mucin production from NCI-H292 cells. However. STS did not affect mucin production. (3) JHT significantly inhibit the expression levels of PMA-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells. STS slightly decreased the expression levels of PMA-induced MUC5AC gene. Conclusion : These results suggest that JHT can not only affect the production of mucin but also affect the expression of the mucin gene, and this explains the traditional use of JHT in oriental medicine. The effects of JHT and STS with their components should be further investigated using animal experimental models that simulate pathophysiology of airway diseases through future studies.