• 아동학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-112
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• 1991

The impact of gender, sex-role identity and cultural background on self - control behaviors was studied with the use of reports from 410 college students(201 Koreans and 209 Americans), who were administered both the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Missouri Self Control Instrument. Gender, sex - role identity and cultural background significantly affected self - control and satisfaction. Regardless of cultural background, males showed a higher level of self - control and satisfaction than females. Androgenous students from both nations used a higher level of expressed/yielded self - control and more satisfied than the students with other sex - role identities. There were some differences in self - control between the Korean and American students. For the American students, the level of expressed self - control was the critical factor in explaining self - control behavior, whereas the level of yielded self - control was the critical factor for the Korean students. This was explained as a phenomenon of culture - bound relationships. Regardless of sex and sex - role identity, the level of satisfaction of Korean students was significantly lower than that of American students. The present results suggested that Korean students have some sort of conflict between self - control and satisfaction. The conflict can probably be attributed to the recent influx of western culture emphasizing goal - oriented control.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.143-166
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of employees' gender role attitudes, job involvement, and family involvement on their work-family conflicts, work-family facilitation, and utilization of family-friendly corporate policies. Data was collected from 377 full-time married workers from 262 large (more than 300 employees) and 100 small (fewer than 300 employees) private sector companies. The questionnaire's measurements were based on recommendations from the literature review. The questionnaire consisted of the gender role attitude scales, job and family involvement scales, work-family conflict and facilitation scales, and questions pertaining to the employee's utilization of family-friendly corporate policies. The SPSS 12.0 statistical package was used to analyze the collected data. The study found that employees showed more or less egalitarian gender role attitudes and that they were more involved in their family than their job. The employees' responses showed a low rate of utilizing family-friendly policies, but employees from large companies reported a higher utilization of family-friendly policies than those from small companies. There were also gender differences in employees' gender role attitudes, work and family involvement, and utilization of policies. Male workers held more traditional gender role attitudes, had higher levels of job involvement, and had higher rates of utilization of policies than female employees. Meanwhile, employees with children exhibited more traditional gender role attitudes and higher rates of utilization of policies than those without children. Finally, serial hierarchical regression analyses revealed that employees' more egalitarian gender role attitudes and higher job and family involvement predict higher work-family facilitation, while their gender role attitudes and job and family involvement have no significant influence on work-family conflicts. Also, employees from large companies with high job involvement will have significantly higher utilization rates of family-friendly corporate policies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2020

본 연구는 맞벌이 부부의 결혼만족에 대한 이해를 위해 부부 각각의 성역할 태도, 다중역할 수행에서의 갈등과 향상의 경험이 자신과 배우자에게 미치는 상호영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 맞벌이 부부 95쌍, 총 190명을 대상으로 하여 대응표본 t검증과 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 먼저 맞벌이 부부의 성역할태도, 다중역할 경험 및 결혼만족도에 있어 부부 간 차이를 살펴본 결과, 성역할태도 및 다중역할 경험에 있어 부부 간의 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 결혼만족도에 있어 남편이 아내보다 유의하게 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 맞벌이 부부의 결혼만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 상호영향을 살펴본 결과, 부부 간의 결혼만족도에 영향을 주는 변인에서 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 남편의 경우 자신의 성역할태도, 자신의 다중역할 향상이 결혼생활의 만족도에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 주는 반면, 아내의 경우는 남편의 성역할태도가 결혼생활 만족에 있어 정적으로 영향을 미치며 아내 자신의 다중역할 갈등이 결혼생활의 만족도에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 맞벌이 부부의 결혼만족에 관한 교육 및 프로그램에 있어 남편과 아내 각각의 영향과 상호간의 영향에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.242-251
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between calling, clinical performance, role conflict, and organizational socialization and to evaluate the factors associated with organizational socialization of new nurses. Methods: This study design was cross-sectional correlational study. The participants of this study were new nurses 171 at general hospitals in Jeollabuk-do. Data was collected between August 1 to 20, 2018 from questionnaire responses and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average calling rating was 2.47±0.59 (rated on a scale of 1~4), clinical performance rating was 3.55±0.52 (rated on a scale of 1~5), role conflict rating was 3.29±0.59 (rated on a scale of 1~5), and organizational socialization rating 3.19±0.41 (rated on a scale of 1~5). Calling, clinical performance, role conflict, gender, and work in the desired unit were the significant factors influencing organizational socialization of new nurses. Conclusion: These findings indicate that strategies are needed to improve organizational socialization of new nurses to ensure effective management of personnel. Moreover, it is necessary to develop a program to cultivate the nursing calling, enhance clinical performance, and resolve role conflicts among new nurses.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of 'marital preparation skill' by focusing on more substantial and tangible skills in marriage life, and to conduct an exploratory research to examine the current conditions and gender differences in marital preparation skills of college students. Data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire in four universities located in Seoul and Gyeong-gi areas in the spring of 2013, and a total of 332 senior students chosen were used for data analysis. Based on the instrument used in Olson & Olson's(2000) PREPARE/ENRICH Program, the present study sought to suggest a measurement tool with the moniker of 'marital preparation skill' that included seven domains: conflict resolution skill, sexual relationship skill, household labor skill, financial management skill, leisure management skill, parenting preparation skill, and parental role skill. Each domain consisted of four items and thus, a total of 28 items were utilized for this study. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in order to examine the degree of marital preparation skills, and t-tests were conducted in order to assess the gender differences in marital preparation skills. The main results of this study are as follows: First, overall the degree of marital preparation skills of male students was higher than that of female students. Particularly, female students were lower than male students in the skills of financial management and conflict resolution. Second, regarding the basic household labor skill related to clothing and housing life, male students showed higher than female students, implying the impact of military life. Third, even though the degree of consciousness about appropriate preparation of parenthood and parental role seemed to be heightened, the actual degree of readiness of college students revealed to be insufficient. Male students had a much higher degree of confidence and sacrifice acceptance about parenthood, and understanding about their parents' child-rearing style than female students, while the mindset of child-rearing participation of male students was lower than that of female students. Findings of this study can be used as basic data for developing more effective and differentiated educational programs of marital preparation skills for men and women.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.55-74
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the gender and self-development in love among single and married men and women. This study applies qualitative case study to make sense of the structure and the meanings of love experience associated with traditional gender role independence and interdependence,. This method focuses on the experiences and the meanings of love as understood by interviewees. Interview data used for this study were collected through in -depth interviews of 18 interviewees. The subjects were chosen from lower class and middle class men and women who lived in Soul. Major findings of this study were as follows; First it was found that there is the romantic ideologies of love and that women are responsible for their love relationships. This could be called " the feminization of love" Second feminized love was related to split gender role and caused to its costs for men and women especially conflict over intimacy. third even though there was still feminized love the trend to androgynouis love was found Androgynous love provided an alternative based on interdependence and the integration of love and self-development.velopment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.499-514
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• 2016

This study was to determine general trends with respect to work-family balance perception and psychological wellbeing, examine correlations between related variables, investigate differences in related variables, and understand the effect of work-family balance perception on psychological well-being in married employees. The subjects were 300 married employees living in G city. The subjects completed a questionnaire and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0. The major findings were as follows. First, the average scores of men and women's self-esteem were higher than the median. Men had a more traditional gender role attitude and higher work-family balance perception level than women. The scores of men and women's depression were lower and life satisfaction were higher than the median. Second, the scores of men and women's work-family balance perception were different according to working hours. Men's psychological well-being were different according to the scale of work place and women's psychological well-being were different according to household working time. Third, depression in married employees were negatively related to life satisfaction. Their psychological well-being were significantly related to work-family balance perception. Fourth, men's depression were influenced by self-esteem, social care service, family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict. Depression in women were influenced by health state, self-esteem, gender role attitude, family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict. Men's life satisfaction were influenced by health state, economic state, and self-esteem. Women's life satisfaction were influenced by health state, economic state, weekly working hours, self-esteem, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of stepfamilies and the adjustment difficulties such families may experience. The study describes some sociodemographic characteristics of a sample of 117 stepfamilies. The independent variables were stresses due to adjustment difficulties, which were defined as "role strains". Sociodemographic variables included gender, family income level, length of time since remarriage, type of stepfamily, and the existence of any children born to the new marriage. The dependent variable was the extent of stepfamily adjustment, expressed as a scale. The factors influencing family adjustment included stepparent gender, family income level, type of stepfamily, and various role strain variables (family boundary ambiguity, role conflict, etc.). Practical recommendations for social work are made and possibilities for future research in this area are discussed based on the results of this study.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine which factors affected the job stress of workers in the manufacturing industry. The subjects were 128 workers in automobile component manufacturing companies located in Kyonggi-do province. Data were collected through self-reporting technique for 8 days, October 24-31, 2000. The instrument to test the work related truss was NIOSH's Work-related Stress Inventory revised by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Association(KOSHA) in 1999. The collected data were analysed with SAS. and frequency, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe's post hoc test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The major findings were as follows: 1. Mean job stress score for the job-related stress was $2.6{\pm}0.5$ on the basis of 5.0 points. Job stress was significantly different according to gender. The stress by role conflict showed higher score than the stress by role ambiguity. 2. Discretionary power(freedom to determine) of workers was scored $2.6{\pm}0.7$ on the basis of 5.0 points. And it was significantly different according to gender, duration of work and shift experience. 3. The work environment scored $2.2{\pm}0.3$ on the basis of 3.0 points and significant difference according to gender, age, marital status, type of employment, type of service, and shift work. 4. Role ambiguity showed significant negatively correlate with job control(r=-.32, P=.000) and decision making(r=-.31, P=.000). And decision making showed positively correlated with job control(r=.62, P=.000), and role conflict(r=.26, P=.003).

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the job stress and depression of female and male service workers and to determine the predictors influencing depression. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected from hotel, wholesale, and insurance companies. A total of 244 workers were recruited. Among them, 118 were female workers. A self-administered questionnaire was consisted of personal characteristics, job stress, daily life stress, social support, and depression. Depression was measured using a CES-D Korean version. Result: The average job stress of female workers was higher than that of male workers (P<.05). The average depression scores of female workers were higher than those of male workers, but the difference was not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that role conflict and low social support were significant predictors of depression in female workers. In male workers, role conflict, low social support, and under-utilization of abilities were significant predictors of depression. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that depression of service workers may be prevented by creating a workplace environment that focuses on role conflict and social support. Also, health providers should consider the vulnerability of working women to job stress.