• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.283-298
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• 2011

Gender is frequently being identified as a key moderator in consumer behavior studies. However, there has been insufficient studies in this field in rural tourism areas. The purpose of this study examined the structural relationships among rural tourism motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty including the moderating effect of gender. Data were collected from 442 farmstay visitors by field survey in rural areas. SPSS 15.0 and LISREL 8.80 statistical package were used to analyze the data. Principle component analysis and path analysis were carried out to identify the structural relationships. Results showed that refreshment and family togetherness of tourism motivation had a negative effect on satisfaction. However, rural life of tourism motivation had a positive effect on satisfaction. Tourists' satisfaction had a positive effect on loyalty. The results also indicated that gender moderated the relationship among tourism motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty. The study suggested that it was important for tourism service marketers to develop proactive relationship marketing techniques that could have a lasting impact on customer retention.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in health habits, perceived stress, depression, and suicidal thinking by gender for elderly people who are living alone and elderly people who are living with others. Method: The study participants were 4,051 people aged 65 years and over who were surveyed in the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005. The relationship among outcomes and living arrangement by gender in elders was assessed using multiple logistic regression while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Older men living alone were less likely to have breakfast and more likely to perceive stress and think of suicide than older men living with family or others. On the other hand, older women who live alone were less likely to perceive stress than older women who live with others. Age, educational level, income, and number of diseases were significantly associated with each individual outcome. Conclusion: This study showed that living alone has a significant impact on physical health habits and psychological health of elderly people, especially for older men. Therefore, living arrangement should be considered in developing a health promotion program for elders as well as age, gender, education, and income.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2022

This paper investigates the effects of age, gender, and situational factors on take-over performance in automated driving. The existing automated driving systems still consider a driver as a fallback-ready user who is receptive to take-over requests. Thus, we need to understand the impact of situations and human factors on take-over performance. 34 drivers drove on a simulated track, consisting of one baseline and four event scenarios. The data, including the brake reaction time and the standard deviation of lane position, and physiological data, including the heart rate and skin conductance, were collected. The analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed that there were significant age, gender, and situational differences in the takeover performance and mental workload. Findings from this study indicated that older drivers may face risks due to their degraded driving performance, and female drivers may have a negative experience on automated driving.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2023

This study examined the effect of beauty service location characteristics and service quality on customer satisfaction and revisit intention, and analyzed the gender control effect of location characteristics and service quality in the relationship with customer satisfaction. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed and analysis was conducted to investigate how location characteristics and service quality in beauty service encounters effects customer satisfaction. The results of this study are as follows. First, visibility, which is a location characteristic, was found to have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Second, professionalism and convenience, which are service qualities, were found to have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Third, customer satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on the intention to revisit. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the gender control effect in the relationship between location characteristics and service quality with customer satisfaction, the gender control effect was found in all factors.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

Purpose: This study used the SORmodel (or cue utilization theory) to examine the impact of expanded quality factorsincluding product quality on customer satisfaction, attitude, and behavioral loyalty. This study examined the moderating effect of gender on the customer satisfaction-attitudinal and behavioral loyalty relationship. Research design, data, and methodology: 364 respondents were collected through an online survey and analyzed using the SmartPLS 4.0 program. Results: The findings show that product quality, along with system quality and service quality, are key determinants of customer satisfaction. In addition, this study shows that the relationship between customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty (repurchase and word-of-mouth intention) does not differ depending on gender, but the relationship between customer satisfaction and behavioral loyalty (share-of-visit and share-of-wallet) is stronger for women than for men. Conclusions: This research integrates concepts from environmental psychology and marketing focusing on website quality (information, system, service, and product), as well as satisfaction, attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. Online shopping mall practitioners must systematically analyze and assess the quality of online shopping, a pivotal factor driving customer satisfaction, attitude, and behavioral loyalty. Acknowledging the influence of gender on consumers' online purchasing behavior can aid online retailers in devising tailored e-commerce marketing strategies aimed at attracting and retaining customers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.45-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of the familism and the awareness of parent-supporting, showing how personal background variables affect the familism and how the familism affect the awareness of parent-supporting, The data were collected from May 20, 1998 till June 5, 1998 for 621 college students consisted of 300 male strdents and 321 female students. SOSS-PC was used for data analysis, and the data were tested by ANOVA, t-Test, Pearson's Correlation, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Duncan Test. The major findings are as follows: 1) The college students' familism generally tends to show low scores (M=2.79), indicating the modern familism-individualism. 2) The college students' awareness of parent-supporting is reported to be high(M=4.23); the highest awareness of parent-supporting is financial supporting, the next is service supporting, then emotinal supporting. 3) For personal background variables, male students rather than female students, the students who have parents with more monthly income, and those who have experience in living with grandparents tend to have more traditional familism. 4) Older students, the students with more traditional familism, those who find more satisfaction in family relations, and male students rather than female students tend to show higher awareness of parent-supporting. 5) In causal relations among the personal background variables, the familism, the awareness of parent-supporting, the variables with a significant impact on the familism are gender, parents' monthly income, and experience in living with grandparents, in order of impact. Age, the familism, satisfaction in family relations, and gender, in order of impact, affect the awareness of parent-supporting. Especially, the familism has the highest correlations with the awareness of financial, emotional, and service supporting, and shows considerable causal impact on the awareness of parent-supporting in general. That is to say, the more the familism, the more the awareness of the parent-supporting.

• 감성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2012

얼굴 자극의 성별 및 종족과 라인업 절차에 따른 얼굴 인식에서의 차이를 알아보기 위해 두 편의 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 1에서 사용된 자극은 동남아시아인 및 동북아시아인 남성의 정면 얼굴 이미지였으며 얼굴 자극의 종족과 실험참가자의 종족이 동일할 때 얼굴 인식이 향상될 수 있는지(동종족 우세 효과)를 알아보았다. 실험 2에서는 동북아시아인 남성 및 여성의 정면 얼굴을 자극으로 사용하여 참가자와 얼굴 자극의 성별이 같을 때 얼굴 인식이 더 정확한지(동성별 우세효과) 알아보았다. 두 실험에서 실험참가자는 모두 동북아시아인이었으며 라인업 절차의 동시제시 조건과 순차제시 조건을 사용하여 얼굴 자극 제시 방법에 따른 차이도 비교하였다. 실험결과 동종족 우세 효과와 라인업 절차에 따른 얼굴 인식 정확도의 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나 표적이 동남아시아인 자극일 때 얼굴 인식 정확률이 높았다. 흥미롭게도, 동성별 우세 효과는 여성 실험참가자에 한해 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 얼굴 인식이 주의에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있을 가능성에 대해 논의하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2022

Objectives: Previous studies have reported that self-neglect, which may be a sign of elder abuse, can result in suicide among older adults. The signs of self-neglect and its impact on the risk of suicide may differ by gender. Thus, this study explored the association between self-neglect and suicide risk in older Korean adults and examined the potential moderating effect of gender on this relationship. Methods: Data were collected from 356 Korean adults aged 65 or older through an online survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis. First, the associations between 4 sub-dimensions of self-neglect (i.e., daily life management issues, personal hygiene issues, financial management issues, and relational issues) and suicidal ideation were examined. Then, the moderating effect of gender on these relationships was investigated by including interaction terms. Results: Self-neglect was significantly associated with suicidal ideation in older adults. Aspects of self-neglect related to daily life management and relational factors were key predictors of suicidal ideation. Gender significantly moderated the effect of the relational dimension of self-neglect on suicidal ideation. The relational dimension of self-neglect was more strongly associated with suicidal ideation in older women than in older men. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of screening older adults with signs of self-neglect for suicide risk. Special attention should be paid to older women who experience relational issues as a high-risk group for suicidal ideation. Public programs and support systems should be established to improve daily life management and promote social relationships among older adults.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.97-122
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• 2020

This paper examines the existence of herd behaviour in fifteen (15) global stock markets, which consist of Developed Markets (Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and the United Kingdom), Advanced Emerging Markets (Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland and South Africa) and Secondary Emerging Markets (Chile, China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Russia) by using Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) method of Chiang and Zheng (2010). It also seeks to explore the impact of social factors such as prosperity, education, ageing society, industry orientation and gender on the existence of market-wide herding. The findings of this paper indicate that herd behaviour exists in Singapore (Developed Market), Mexico, Poland and South Africa (Advanced Emerging Markets) and China and the Philippines (Secondary Emerging Markets). No evidence of herding is observed for Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, United Kingdom, Brazil, Malaysia, Chile, Indonesia and Russia. Ageing society is also found to have significant impact on the existence of herd behaviour. Nonetheless, prosperity, education, industry orientation and gender are found to be insignificant to herding. This study sheds some light on whether social factors determine herding behaviour in the 15 selected stock markets.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

During running, the human body experiences repeated impact force between the foot and the ground. The impact force is highly associated with injury of the lower extremity, comfort and running performance. Therefore, shoemakers have developed shoes with various midsole properties to prevent the injury of lower extremity, improve the comfort and enhance the running performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of midsole hardness on shock absorption along the human body during running. Thirty two expert runners consented to participate in the study and ran at a constant speed with three different pairs of shoes with soft, medium and hard midsole respectively. Using accelerometers we measured the shock absorption from shoe heel to cervical vertebral column. In conclusion, at the shoe heel, shock was the greatest with the hard midsole. However because most shock was absorbed between shoe heel and the knee, notable influence of midsole was not detected upper knee. At shoe heel, regardless of midsole hardness, the shock of younger female was the greatest. The authors expect to apply this result for providing a guideline for utilizing proper midsole hardness for manufacturing age and gender-specific shoe.