• 복식
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• 제44권
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• pp.37-56
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• 1999

In clothing, a tendency of Bisexuality is in case of wearing clothing of the opposite sex, the mixing of modeling principle and characteristic of man and woman, the exclusion characteristic of sexuality that present sexlessness-the third sex. They-Designer Gabrielle Chanel, YSL, Giorgio Armani-give characteristic of man's fashion to women's fashion. However, the consciousness in design is different. Chanel apply principle of man's suit to woman's wear to express authority and power about gender image, hereby she express women liberation and equality of man and woman based on social ideology through fashion especially, she express women's sexual independency and self assurance to her clothing. YSL express liberal and bold women that pursuit reasonal and liberal life in 1970. As he apply tailoed suit's rigidity to women's wear, he made 'pants look' universal in women's wear through“Dress for success”in modern life. Armani apply successful modern image to women's wear, so he express women's image of confident intellegent as well as feminine image. He focus women's new image as man living liberal and indivisual life excluding social category rather than will of equality of man and women. Gernreich break sexual prejudice and release women freely, furthermore, as he express concern of sexuality pursuit liberty of mankind surpassing sex distinction with women liberty. Gianni Versace pursuit mix and extinguishment of sexual image many-sided, and break fixed idea of sex, and reprovide feminine and masculine image. So his design tend homosexuality because he regard women's glamor and ostensible sexuality as standard of beauty, he apply this to man's wear as well as women's wear. With this, he expresses sensitive and liberal man's that break characteristic of Gender that symbolize power and authority in man's wear through 'Without ties'.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제43권
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• pp.76-105
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• 2000

In the last two decades, the welfare states have undergone the changes of restructuring towards two ways. One is a restructuring of workfare and the other is a restructuring of the gender model of welfare state. In Korea, the workfare is reflecting on the DJ Welfarism 'Productive Welfare', but the gender model has a little effect on the public policies. By the way, It is imported that has the gender perspective in approaching the self-supporting program in the public assistance representing of the DJ Welfarism. Because almost 60% of the beneficiaries of the program are women. The Gender-mainstreaming strategy criticizes for the laws, the public policies, the public programs that considered gender-neutral or gender-blinded, and then complete the equality between women and men through the modification or development of those. The approach of Gender-mainstreaming is very important strategy for not only women who are self-reliance recipient but also successful settlement of self-supporting program. Nowadays that program is not execute yet. Then we hardly have information about recipients and the results that expected from that. At this point of gender-mainstreaming, this report suggest the strategy to development and settlement of the self-supporting program in the basics of analysis for the low-income unemployed and the government policy response to unemployment. For the gender models of the self-supporting program, the most important thing is throwing the male breadwinner model and adoption the dural-earner model (the gender model) about that program. Then we must produce gender-statistics data, develop programs for public work, job replacement, job training, evaluating system, etc. with gender perspective.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were (1) to measure the level of satisfaction on rural for local public service. (2) and analyse variables related to the public service. Reviewing the literature and related studies for theoretical framework, Six criteria characterize public service : (1) responsiveness. (2) convenience, (3) speed, (4) correctness, (5) pleasantness, (6) equality, which are reflected in the instrument of this study. By the results of analysis, two dimensions (convenience, responsiveness) and total satisfaction are related to their residential lengths of the same rural area. For the total public service satisfaction gender, age, educational level, income level, occupation, and residential years explained in 13.3% For the convenience dimension their variables accounted for 22.4%. For responsiveness dimension their variables interpreted in 23.2%. For speed and correctness dimension their variables explained in 21.6%. For pleasantness dimension their variables accounted for local public services in 15.3%. For equality dimension their variables explained in 16.2%.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2008

This study examined the illustrations in the elementary school textbooks which was followed by identifying the parts that displayed gender-discriminating elements or traditional gender roles. The research results are as follows: 1) The ratio of man and woman in the figures appearing in those illustrations was 1.33:1, which means there were more men than women in the illustrations and that there was no balance in the gender distribution among the figures. 2) Male figures were presented as the protagonists in 39.7% of the illustrations, female figures in 25.5%, and both male and female figures in 34.8%. The results indicate that there were much more illustrations in which men were the protagonists than those in which women were. 3) The occupations of the adults in the illustrations were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of man and woman with a job was about 2:1, which implies that there were twice as many male professionals than female ones. Men had over 60 kinds of occupations and women had only 45 kinds of occupations with 59.5% of them concentrated in four jobs including teaching, farming and fishing, doing artistic works, and selling things. 4) The case analysis results of the illustrations in the textbooks demonstrate that the traditional gender roles of a father and mother were followed and that there were gender stereotypes in describing the characteristics of man and woman. Gender dichotomy was observed in the vocations. Men were the leading players in economic, political, and cultural activities, and most of the historical figures were men. Meanwhile, women were depicted as the subjects of economic activities and completely isolated and alienated from political, historical, and cultural activities. It turned out that the figures of the illustrations in the current elementary school textbooks had gender discriminating elements and profoundly reflected the stereotypes for gender roles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.482-491
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 간호대힉생의 성태도, 성고정관념, 자아존중감이 양성평등의식에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 시도되었다. 자료수집은 2020년 10월 15일부터 11월 31일까지 경북 G시에 위치한 일개 대학의 간호대학생 174명을 대상으로 서면동의를 받은 후 구조화된 설문지를 통해 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, 상관관계, 다중회귀분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 대상자의 양성평등의식은 성별(t=-3.091, p=.002)에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 양성평등의식은 성고정관념(r=-.811, p<.001)과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 자아존중감(r=.345, p<.001)과는 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 간호대학생의 양성평등의식에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성고정관념(β=-.787, p<.001)으로 나타났으며, 설명력은 65.4%였다. 간호대학생의 양성평등의식을 향상시키기 위해 성고정관념을 감소시킬 수 있는 교육적 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze of existing concepts of female entrepreneurship, evaluation of women's entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and development of recommendations for its development in the country. This paper begins by reviewing research on female entrepreneurship. In this research, authors proposed the methodological tools based on systematic approach using economic and statistic methods and 5Ms concept. Analysis algorithm consists of four stages: evaluation of women entrepreneurship scale and business directions, analysis of employment in women's enterprises and business environment in Kazakhstan. The main limitation of this study was the lack of some gender-related indicators on the development of entrepreneurship. Further, the obtained results showed strong and weak points of female entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. According to the results, there has observed increase in contribution of women in social-economic development of the republic, women's entrepreneurial activity is increasing, and the number of enterprises headed by them is growing. However, the growth of female entrepreneurship occurs while maintaining their insignificance in terms of turnover and number of employees. There is a pronounced industry specificity of female entrepreneurship: the service sector. In accordance with this, there were identified priority areas and there were developed recommendations for the development of female entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2006

This study reported on the cases about gender inequality in agriculture. Generally women have experienced something in vague situation as unequal to men in rural and agriculture. Despite of some women's have been complaining about this problem, it is not easy why and how many times they have been suffering. In this report, to get the information of gender unequality in agricultural laws and policies, the data was gathered by two steps. The first step, 175 cases into nine types was collected from leaders of several women farmer's associations, and after that, 60 cases selected to be interviewed by a specialist panel. The second step, it was analyzed the interviewed 60 cases based on real conditions compared with laws of items of policies. Among the cases, it was analyzed 8 rural women's who had been experienced to receive the inappropriate compensation in an unexpected accidents. From these cases, it was drew up some suggestions as follows; to make a rule to certify of the identity of woman farmer, and to build in a monitoring system of gender equality in agriculture.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

본 논문은 다양한 국제지수로 우리나라의 성평등 현주소를 살펴본다. 성평등지수의 장점은 이 지표들을 활용하여 성평등을 위한 전략적이고 구체적인 정책방향을 제시할 수 있고, 국제비교가 가능한 장점을 가진다. 대표적으로 UNDP에서 개발한 GDI, GEM, GII와 WEF에서 개발한 GGI가 있다. 네 가지 지수들의 성격이 다르기 때문에 성평등지수에 대한 이해도를 높이기 위해 각 지수의 내용과 측정지표들을 소개하고, 각 지수에 따른 우리나라 순위를 살펴본다. 이 지표를 기준으로 보면 우리나라는 GDI는 상위권, GII는 중상위권, GEM GGI는 최하위권에 속하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 국제지수 순위를 통해 우리나라의 경우 포괄적이고 실제적인 성평등을 이루기 위해서 정치참여와 경제영역에서 성평등이 시급하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2019

연구목적 :제4차산업혁명이 성별격차에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 분석하는데 있다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 전 세계 145개 국가를 대상으로 ICT개발지수 및 네트워크준비지수와 성별격차와의 관계를 회귀분석 하였다. 연구결과 : ICT개발지수는 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 네트워크준비지수는 여성노동참여율과 남녀임금평등비와는 정(+)의 관계로써 산업혁명의 진전이 여성의 노동참여를 증가시키지만 임금격차는 심화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 정보통신혁명에 의해 주도되는 제4차산업혁명은 여성의 노동시장여건에 영향을 미친다는 가설을 검증하는 결과이다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.215-235
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• 2018

출산율 제고에 대한 정책적 고민은 OECD국가들의 공통된 관심사일 뿐 아니라 세계 최하위인 출산율을 기록하고 있는 한국의 최대 관심사이기도 하다. 많은 국가 예산을 투입해왔고 출산율 관련 여러 연구들이 진행되어 왔음에도 불구하고 한국의 출산율은 계속 감소 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 출산율 연구에서 다루어져 왔던 출산율에 영향을 주는 세부적 요인들의 영향력 및 효과성 검증과 유럽 선진국가들의 사례를 통한 정책적 접근의 문제점을 인지하고 출산율과 삶의 질에 관한 거시적이고 구조적 접근을 통해 전체적 흐름을 다시 파악하고자 함에 그 목적이 있다. 즉 선진국의 높은 삶의 질은 출산율을 높이는지, 삶의 질과 출산율이 모두 높은 국가 모델은 어느 나라이며 그 나라의 출산에 대한 사회 및 정책적 흐름은 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. OECD국가들의 삶의 질 요인(BLI)와 CIA출산율 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 삶의 질 수준이 높은 국가 중에도 출산율이 낮은 국가가 많다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 삶의 질 수준과 출산율이 모두 높은 국가가 한국이 지향해야 할 국가 모델임을 인지하고 본 연구에서 새로 도출된 아이슬란드, 아일랜드, 뉴질랜드의 사례와 삶의 질 수준은 높지만 출산율이 낮은 독일의 사회적 특성을 비교해 본 결과 앞의 세 나라는 양성평등에 대한 인식 수준이 높게 나타났고 그 결과로 성별에 따른 임금 차이는 낮게 나타났음을 확인하였다. 반면에 독일의 경우는 성별에 따른 임금 불평등이 비교적 더 크게, 출산율은 더 낮게 나타남으로써 양성평등을 위한 인식전환이 출산율에 주요한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인했다. 부모- 자식 간의 '상승관계(synergy)' 에 기초하여 가정 및 노동시장에서 양성평등 의식을 고양하는 것이 정책의 최우선 순위가 되고, 여타의 삶의 질을 높이는 요소를 적극 활용하여야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다. 즉 출산율 정책의 우선순위와 인프라적 지원을 동시에 추진하기 위해 국가의 출산율 목표를 '임신 가용한 여성의 출산율 제고'에서 '국민이 행복한 사회를 만드는 것' 으로 재설정하여 행복한 사회가 되어가는 과정에서 스스로 출산을 결정할 수 있는 시스템을 만들어야 할 것이다.