• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.425-434
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of gender discrimination consciousness, work-family conflict and facilitation, and turnover intention of married female hospital nurses. The participants included 101 married female nurses at hospitals in S city. Gender discrimination consciousness was higher, benevolent sexism was higher than hostile sexism. The nurses under 40, had one child and worked within 5 years had higher work-family conflict. Turnover intension was significantly higher when the nurses were under 40 (t=3.66, p<.001), had no children (F=5.76, p=.004), and were staff and charge nurses (F=5.86, p=.004). Hostile sexism had correlated to family-to work conflict and facilitation. Turnover intention had a positive correlation to work-to family conflict and family-to work conflict. Through this study, we were understand the relationship of gender discrimination consciousness, work-family conflict and facilitation, turnover intension of married female hospital nurses, and for work-family balance, it was found that more study is needed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.85-106
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• 2008

This study explores Korean youths' gender equality consciousness in an attempt to search for a way to increase youth's gender equality consciousness. First, this study carries out a survey of youths' gender equality consciousness based on questionnaires collected from a nationwide sample. Second, this study attempts to identify key points needed to evaluate youths' gender equality consciousness in terms of youths' general values. The data used for this survey is from the survey on youths' values conducted by Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2006 with a sample of 11,240 students from 132 schools nationwide. As a result, youths in 2006 had higher gender equality consciousness than that of previous years(2002). Especially, the support for the fair share of domestic work in the house by youths was significantly increased than the past. However, the survey of youths' values showed clear gender gaps in general attitudes of youths including gender equality consciousness. Female students not only had higher gender equality consciousness than male students but also had higher levels of 'universal value' which would allow one to become sensitive to discrimination and 'self development and achievement value'. In contrast, male students scored high on 'power-oriented value' related to discriminatory attitudes. Therefore, the study recommends focusing on alleviating the gender gaps through school education and other various media education.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the Korean Medical Community. Methods: Participants in the research study included 90 students regularly attending the fourth grade in Korean Medicine College, of which 48 were male and 42 were female. Results: 1. Patient's preferences for female KMD (Korean Medicine Doctor) had the lowest response rate in Korean Medical Society. Preferences for male KMD were due to factors including comfort level, rationality, good training, and patient's preference. 2. Patient's preferences for female KMD had the highest response rate in Gynecology, and Pediatrics. On the other hand, patient's preferences for female KMD had the lowest response rate in the other 7 specialty subjects. 3. The reasons for gender discrimination against male KMD were lack of subtlety, lack of empathy, authoritative attitude, and lack of patient management skills. The reasons for gender discrimination, against female KMD were childcare burden, social prejudices, lack of physical strength, and housekeeping burdens. Conclusions: The study results indicated that there was a lower preference for female KMD than male KMD among the Korean Medical Society and in patients' consciousness. Male-centered culture of Korean Medical Society had no role in this finding, but masculine image for KMD jobs and work-family double burden for female KMD were important contributing factors.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to analyze male oriented military culture and gender discrimination. It examined whether the experience of military service would affect the attitude of Korean college students, gender role identity, and sexism by classifying 317 college students into three groups; males who have completed military service, males who haven't completed military service, and a female group. Research results are as follows: First, in general military experience did not enhance awareness of gender identity nor affect attitudes toward gender discrimination, but significantly enhanced masculinity in some males who completed military service was a major factor in strengthening masculinity and benevolent sexism. Second, males who completed military service and women had a more positive view of the military than males who had yet to serve in the military. Third, regardless of military experience and gender, military experience was perceived to enhance benevolent sexism towards women. Fourth, all three groups showed a strikingly positive correlation in hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. However, they did not show a significant difference in the correlation of groups. Tough these results indicate that deep-rooted gender discrimination in Korean society is enhanced by military experience, it also confirms the significance and impact of the reality of the military ideology.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.77-105
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• 2008

Even though Paule Marshall and Ishmael Reed have differences of gender, generation, and literary techniques, they share common points in dealing with cultural conflicts and racial discrimination in the United States as Afro-American Writers. As black minority writers, Marshall and Reed write out of a perspective of forced immigrant/fragmentary native consciousness. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the protagonist's reaction to racial prejudice, different cultures and their attempts to reconcile and to coexist with other races and their culture in these writers' representative works. Marshall's uniqueness as a contemporary black female artist stems from her ability to write from the three levels, that is, African American and Caribbean black. So, Marshall's Brown Girl, Brownstones represents an attempt to identify, analyze, and resolve the conflict between cultural loss/displacement and cultural domination/hegemony. Reed's Japanes by Spring offers a blistering attack upon the various cultural and racial factions of the academy and the bankrupt value systems in America. Reed's depiction of Jack London College's existing racial problems-later compounded by the cultural dilemmas that accompany the Japanese occupation of the institution-reveals his interest in highlighting the ways in which any monoculturalist ideology ultimately results in racist and culturally exclusive policies. Marshall's and Reed's novels provide opportunities for reader to explore various manifestations of intercultual and interethnic dynamics. They present the possibility of reconciliation and coexistence between different race and ethnic cultures through asserting a cultural hybridity and multiculturalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2004

Purpose : In an attempt to analyse gender-egalitarianism related to the general characteristics, sexual consciousness and behavior in middle school students, this study was carried out. This study will provide data that can be used to develop sexuality education programs on the basis of gender-egalitarianism. Method : The subjects were 141 students (70 boys and 71 girls) in 4 classes that were randomly selected from among 8 classes of first graders in a coeducational middle school, in Seoul. For the evaluation of gender-egalitarianism, a Gender Egalitarianism Scale modified by the researcher was used. Results : Major findings were as follows: 1. Gender-egalitarianism was significantly higher in girls compared with boys. All of the boys and girls, had high gender-egalitarianism in the aspect of woman's ability in groups without sexual discrimination, but low gender-egalitarianism in woman's sexual conversation and style of dress. 2. Gender-egalitarianism in boys who had experienced intersexual physical contact, categorized as holding hands, embracing, kissing, and petting, was significantly higher when compared with inexperienced boys. 3. Gender-egalitarianism significantly increased as the father's education level increased as well as the father's open-mindedness. Factors influencing gender-egalitarianism was social acceptance, the mass media, the attitudes of the school teachers, and the attitudes of older and younger student in school. Conclusions : Based on these results, boys' gender-egalitarianism was lower than that of girls. Systematic education on gender-egalitarianism, combined with sexuality education, is necessary for middle school students, especially boys. In the long term, social acceptable the, mass media, school and home life should be changed for the achievement of the equality of the sexes.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-71
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• 2005

As the living standards have been enhanced thanks to rapid to rapid economic growth following industrial progress, today the advancement of woman into specialized jobs keep expanding not only for economic purpose such as increasing family income but also due to changed perception on woman's role, i.e. self-realization. In the actual situations, however, women are generally placed in a inferior position compared with men in most jobs, despite existence of gender equality policy. Therefore, concern and study on female adaptation into job and their work attitude have become increasingly important, which can contribute to alleviating women's discontent in the work but to raising efficiency of job execution and improving work quality. In this treatise, I researched the job attitude of woman for the period of 1980 up to 2005, with interval of every 5 years. For empirical analysis, research has been done towards females teachers in elementary and middle schools as well as female works in financial institutions. Both job fields have comparatively high percentage of female employees and have less sexual discrimination. The purpose of this vertical research is (1) to find out how women workers perceive their job environment, (2) to analyze empirically the change in female job attitude and their flow of consciousness. Ultimately this treatise aimed at contributing to efficient management of female work force in our society.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to prevent and review counter-action for the sexual harassment in campus by revealing current state of sexual harassment in campus relatively weak in sexual discrimination with regard to sexual harassment emerged as social problem serious in our nation. The targets of study were students and assistants in three schools located at $Kwangju\cdot{Chonnam}$ area, a questionnaire made by pre-researcher was applied to student vs. assistant with regard to sexual consciousness and recognition, and current state of sexual harassment, with analysis of material processed through statistical analysis using SPSSWIN 10.0 for verification of $$\chi$^2$ for identification of difference vs. family and student vs. assistant. The result of this research with regard to sexual harassment is under following: Firstly, the recognition of concept of sexual harassment was proved to be aware of be more than half a responders above average, lack of recognition showed significant number requiring establishment of concept of sexual harassment, the responders stated that they could do it alone should be treated in the counseling room in school. Secondly, 28.7% of students and assistants answered that they have suffered from sexual harassment now and. before, even a great number of males have experienced such sexual harassment. In case of female assistants, more than half of them suffered from sexual harassment suggesting us significant level of sexual harassment to female assistants. A depth of sexual harassment to assistants should be investigated in a further way by preparing for and establishing concrete preventive actions and researches, mostly suffered by males; In this respect, a preventive training of sexual harassment should be deemed to be provided to males. Thirdly, as a result of investigation of sex education and preventive action against sexual harassment in college, most of elementary, junior, junior high school hardly provide no or inefficient sexual harassment, and they responded that the campus needs its education. As a way to educate campus with sexual harassment efficiently, a special lecture or regular class might be designed for systematic education or sexual harassment through schools counseling room might be effective emphasizing upon role of the room according to opinions of responders. The college is required to install such offices or centers as can exclusively manage and take charge of sex education program operation, legal system of anti-sexual harassment, or personnel arrangement for such activities in school by reflecting such result into school for appropriate and efficient education of or counseling to sex.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.227-237
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• 2020

In the 30th edition of , Chunhyang is conventionally presented as a woman who tries to protect her chastity and it eventually bears the fruits of her love. On the other hand in , Chunhyang is reinterpreted as a woman who strives to protect feminist self-consciousness and beliefs, even in unreasonable social situations. By comparing the two different works, we can see differences in the behavior of the characters in how to overcome various obstacles, such as irregularity, gender discrimination, and identity conflict. By reinterpreting the emotions of the characters in the classic novel into the emotions of the modern characters, we can see the how the characters grow when trying to overcome the situation and find a solution, even though there is no change yet. This can be seen as the emotions of the characters become different as time goes by. As the times go by, the world's values and inclinations also change, and the irrationalities of the world will also go in various directions. Through the fusion of culture into history, even though it's irrational but we become familiar with it and will clearly understand the absurdities, and we can look forward to changes in the process.