• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.477-483
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of odors emitted from sewage in a sanitary sewer and its outlets. Methods: The concentration of mal-odorous sulfur was analyzed by gas chromatograph, and odor intensity was estimated by an on-site sensory test. Odor intensity calculated from instrumental analysis results was compared with odor intensity observed at field. Results: As a results, the concentration of $H_2S$ ranged from 2.4 ppb to 5,889 ppb (average 703 ppb), while $CH_3SH$, $(CH_3)_2S$, and $(CH_3)_2S_2$ showed from 10 ppb to 554 ppb (average 119 ppb) and from 20 ppb to 332 ppb (average 70 ppb) and from 2.7 ppb to 8.1 ppb (average 5 ppb) individually. Average odor intensity observed in the field was degree three. Odor intensity calculated from sulfur compound concentration was confirmed as similar to the observed odor intensity because the coefficient of variance between the observed and the calculated intensities was less than one. Conclusion: It was expected that the results of this study will be helpful to design a deodorizing device to reduce odor emissions from sewerage facilities in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 1996

A surfatron-type microwave induced plasma (MIP) cavity has been constructed, which can be easily interfaced with a gas chromatograph. Various plasma gases such as He, Ar and N2 were used to generate the MIP and small amounts of CO2 gases were injected through the MIP to obtain characteristic spectrum of each plasma gas and to study feasibility of the MIP as a soft ionization source. Since He and Ar plasmas have high metastable state energy, it was not possible to detect sample gas in molecular state. With N2 plasma, however, a strong emission of molecular ions could be detected owing to its low metastable state energy.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.74-77
• /
• 2003

A simple, reproducible, and rapid gas chromatographic method for putrefactive metabolite determination in feces was developed. The method involves the direct injection of fecal supernatants into the gas chromatograph, without pretreatment. The mass spectra of these metabolites were obtained using an HP 5971 mass selective detector operated in electron impact (EI) ionization mode. This method produced sharp peaks and allowed the simultaneous determination of fecal putrefactive metabolites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.7 no.1 s.18
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2003

The adsorption characteristics of rert-butyl mercaptan(TBM) on base activated carbon and activated carbon impregnated with $CuCl_2$ or KI were studied. Adsorption of TBM on the surface of the KI or $CuCl_2$ impregnated activated carbon was detected by gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector. The amount of adsorption on those impregnated carbon found to be 7 or 8 times greater than on the non-impregnated activated carbon and varied according to the concentration of impregnated metal. FT-IR measurement showed that major reaction occuring on the surface of the catalytic adsorbent was dimerization of TBM into di-tert-butyl disulfide which had no stench.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 2010

Low temperature diesel combustion was achieved via a combination of late injection timing ($8.5^{\circ}$ CA BTDC to $0.5^{\circ}$ CA BTDC) and heavy exhaust gas recirculation (37% to 48%) with ultra low sulfur Swedish diesel fuel in a 1.7L common rail direct injection diesel engine. When injection timing is retarded at a certain exhaust gas recirculation rate, the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides decease simultaneously, while the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide increase. Hydrocarbon speciation by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector reveals that the ratio of partially burned hydrocarbon, i.e., mainly alkenes increase as the injection timing is retarded and exhaust gas recirculation is increased. The two most abundant hydrocarbon species are ethene which is a representative species of partially burned hydrocarbons, and n-undecane, which is a representative species of unburned hydrocarbons. They may be used as surrogate hydrocarbon species for performing a bench flow reactor test for catalyst development.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 1986

A quartz type gasification reactor was designed and used for pyrolysis and gasification of sawdust, ricestraw and ricehusk. The initial reaction temperature was 350$^{\circ}C$, and up to 550$^{\circ}C$ to complete pyrolysis and gasification reaction. In order to examine the effect of catalyst on reaction temperature, $K_2CO_3$ and $Na_2CO_3$ as catalyst were also used. The product gas mixtures are identified to be CO, $CO_2$, $CH_4$ and $CH_3CHO$ etc. by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer. The highest gas volume of the gasified sawdust at 550$^{\circ}C$ amounts to 1800ml/g of sawdust, even though the yield and composition of this product gas are depending on the reaction temperature of the reactor and catalyst used.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.676-680
• /
• 2002

The specific gravity meter is the instrument used to measure the density of fluids under the reference conditions and it can be widely used in industrial areas, especially in massive flow rate natural gas industry. This study has been carried out in an attempt to improve measurement accuracy of natural gas flow rate calculation, providing the adequate installation and proper operation conditions of specific gravity meter. The test results are 1) the density measurement errors in case of using methane and standard gas as calibration gases are smaller than using methane and nitrogen gas, 2) the periodical calibration to maintain accurate density measurements is essential, and 3) the specific gravity meter is sensitive to changes of environmental conditions, especially environmental temperature surrounding the specific gravity meter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 2010

KOGAS, established in 1983 by law to ensure stable gas supply to the public, is responsible for the wholesale distribution to 30 city gas companies that deal with the retail distribution of natural gas in their geographic areas. The gas imported by KOGAS is measured by checking the level difference of LNG shipped in tankers before and after unloading. The analysis of gas composition is essential because the imported gas price is determined by its calorific value. The turbine meter is widely used for measuring the gas sold to city gas companies. Unlike the metering system for power plants, there is no gas chromatograph since the custody transfer of gas to the city gas companies is not billed by calorific value, but by volume basis. The gas quantity that a city gas company has bought from KOGAS is not equal to the quantity that the company sold to its customers. There have been some discrepancies between the wholesale gas meter readouts and retail ones due to some inherent errors of meters and some operational issues of the meters. This paper investigates the controversies regarding the real quantity of gas between distributors and consumers. It will discus and suggest desirable policies, both technically and economically, in order to solve the discrepancies of gas measurement.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.408-414
• /
• 1999

A selective and sensitive method for the derivatization of total homocysteine (Hcy) and the related compounds in plasma by gas chromatograph (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) has been developed. To determine total homocysteine, cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met) in human plasma using GC-ECD, analytes were reduced and converted into their N(O,S)-ethylearbonyl pentafluoropropyl (PFP) ester by derivatization with ethyl chloroformate and pentafluoropropyl alcohol (PFP-OH) in plasma. The best derivatizing agent N(O,S)-ethyl carbonyl PFP ester, was chosen by comparing the sensitivity of derivatized analysis in GC-ECD. The derivatized analytes in plasma were extracted by chloroform, and subsequently back-extracted with hexane and analyzed by GC-ECD. The calibration carves ($R^2$ > 0.990) were linear over the range $5-50{\mu}mol/L$ of Hcy and Met, $40-400{\mu}mol/L$ of Cys spiked in plasma. The detection limit observed by the established method was below $0.5{\mu}mol/L$. This method is highly sensitive and specific in the analysis of Hcy, Cys, and Met. Therefore, we suggest that this method is appropriate in the analysis of trace concentration of Hcy, Cys, and Met in biological fluids.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2017

After $SF_6$, which is being used in power equipment as an insulating material, is classified as one of the 6 major greenhouse gases, the maintenance and the refinement of used $SF_6$ started to get attention. In regard to this, KEPCO Research Institute (KEPRI) is developing $SF_6$ recovery and refinement technology starting with establishing a comprehensive $SF_6$ analysis system. With the analysis system, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the purity and the impurities of $SF_6$ before and after recovery, and before and after refinement have been carried out. The analysis system is comprised of GC-DID (Gas Chromatograph -Discharge Ionization Detector) for trace impurities analysis, GC-TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detector) for analyses of $SF_6$ purity and major impurities concentration from several hundred ppm up to percent range, GC-MSD (Mass Selective Detector) for analyses of impurities not included in standard gas, FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared) Spectrometer for analysis of HF and $SO_2$, and moisture analyzer for analysis of moisture below 100 ppm. With this analysis system, complete analysis method of $SF_6$ has been established. This analysis system is being used in the maintenance of power equipment and the development of $SF_6$ recovery and refinement technologies. In this paper, the analysis results of four samples - gas and liquid phase $SF_6$ samples from a $SF_6$ refinement system before and after refinement are presented.