• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2015

This paper reports the effect of a refractory crucible type on the microstructure of duplex stainless steel (DSS) cast with the addition of gadolinium using air-induction melting. Grade 4A DSSs with 1 wt% of gadolinium (Gd) were fabricated in various crucibles including alumina ($Al_2O_3$), magnesia (MgO), calcia (CaO) coated with yttria ($Y_2O_3$) and graphite. The standard free energies of the formation of calcium and yttrium oxide were lower than those of gadolinium oxide and other crucible elements based oxide. The yield of Gd in DSS using $Al_2O_3$, MgO, CaO-coated $Y_2O_3$ and graphite was 5, 19, 83 and 96%, respectively. As Gd yield increased, the amount of Gd-based inclusions increased, the size of the inclusions were reduced, and the inclusions became evenly distributed.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.664-664
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• 2013

Red europium(III) and green terbium(III) activating phosphors have been doped and co-doped in gadolinium oxide supports by a hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that they are one-dimensional nanorods of 40~50 wide and 250~300 nm long. The gadolinium oxide supports show Gd(OH)3 of hexagonal phase and Gd2O3 of cubic crystal structure before and after a thermal annealing, respectively based on X-ray diffraction analysis. Their physicochemical characteristics have further been examined by photoluminescence spectroscopy, FT-IR, UV-visible absorption, and optical microscope. The emission colors are characterized by CIE coordinates. In addition, the emissions from Eu(III) and Tb(III) are assigned to $5D0{\rightarrow}7FJ$ (J=0,1,2,3,4) and $5D4{\rightarrow}FJ$ (J=6,5,4,3), respectively.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

금속나노입자는 진단이나 치료를 포함한 의생명응용분야에 있어 매력적인 특징들을 갖고 있다. 양성자 빔 치료를 위한 방사선증감제로 사용하기 위해 가교덱스트란이 코팅된 산화철나노입자(SPIONs)와 실리카가 코팅된 산화가돌리늄나노입자(SPGONs)를 합성하였다. 덱스트란과 실리카는 각각 SPIONs와 SPGONs의 보호수단이다. 합성된 SPIONs와 SPGONs를 투과전자현미경(TEM)으로 분석한 결과 각각 평균 직경이 3~5 nm와 30~100 nm였다. 합성된 방사선 증감제의 효과를 평가하기 위해 세포생존곡선 측정과 Western blotting을 수행하였다. 측정된 세포생존곡선으로부터 계산된 90% 세포사멸 시 방사선증감비는 SPIONs와 SPGONs에 대하여 각각 1.23과 1.03이었다. Western blotting 결과 역시 Cytochrome C의 발현량이 SPIONs를 처리한 암세포에서 유의적으로 증가됨을 보였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

To synthesize $Gd_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphor, gadolinium-europium oxalate precursors were prepared from oxalic acid, NaOH or aqueous ammonia via coprecipitation method. The obtained precursors were heat-treated and then characterized by XRD, SEM and PL. The kinds and amounts of coprecipitant (NaOH or aqueous ammonia) were found to affect the powder morphology and properties of gadolinium-europium oxalate precursors. Two crystalline precursors and one amorphous precursor were synthesized. The nanometer-sized amorphous gadolinium-europium oxalate precursor was first prepared using the oxalate coprecipitation technique. The calcined powders obtained from the amorphous precursor were nearly spherical in shape, and a narrow size distribution was obtained. The NaOH coprecipitant was more effective in the preparation of nanometer-sized spherical powders. A thermal decomposition process was conducted for the three kinds of precursors. The photoluminescence property was also measured as a function of europium content, and concentration quenching occurred for samples with europium concentrations of over 10 mol%.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2015

Rare-earth zirconates, such as lanthanum zirconates and gadolinium zirconates, have been intensively investigated due to their excellent properties of low thermal conductivity as well as chemical stability at high temperature, which can make these materials ones of the most promising candidates for next-generation thermal barrier coating applications. In this study, three compositions, lanthanum/gadolinium zirconates with reduced rare-earth contents from stoichiometric $RE_2Zr_2O_7$ compositions, are fabricated via solid state reaction as well as sintering at $1600^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs. The phase formation, microstructure, and thermo-physical properties of three oxide ceramics are examined. In particular, each oxide ceramics exhibits composite structures between pyrochlore and fluorite phases. The potential of lanthanum/gadolinium zirconate ceramics for TBC applications is also discussed.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2014

Much research into fuel cells operating at a temperature below $800^{\circ}C$. is being performed. There are significant efforts to replace the yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte with a doped ceria electrolyte that has high ionic conductivity even at a lower temperature. Even if the doped ceria electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, it also shows high electronic conductivity in a reducing environment, therefore, when used as a solid electrolyte of a fuel cell, the powergeneration efficiency and mechanical properties of the fuel cell may be degraded. In this study, gadolinium-doped ceria nanopowder with $Al_2O_3$ and $Mn_2O_3$ as a reinforcing and electron trapping agents were synthesized by ultrasonic pyrolysis process. After firing, their microstructure and mechanical and electrical properties were investigated and compared with those of pure gadolinium-doped ceria specimen.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.470-474
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• 2008

Composites of gadolinium-doped ceria/magnesia(CGO/MgO) were synthesized and characterized for the electrolytes of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. XRD and SEM results revealed that composite electrolytes consisted of their own phases after sintering at $1400^{\circ}C$ without noticeable solid solution of Mg into CGO. As the MgO content increased, the total electrical conductivity decreased, which might be attributed to the decrease of grain boundary conductivity, possibly due to the lowering of the continuity of the CGO grains and blocking effects of the insulating MgO phase. The space charge effect may not be a significant factor to affect the electrical conductivity of the CGO/MgO composites.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.447-452
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• 2003

산화물 핵연료의 리튬환원공정에서 생성되는 $Li_2O$와 희토류원소 산화물($RE_2O_3$)의 화학적 반응을 밝혔다. 스칸듐, 이트륨, 프라세오디뮴, 네오디뮴, 사마륨, 유러퓸, 가돌리늄, 이테르븀 및 루테튬의 산화물은 각각 어떤 $Li_2O$의 임계농도 이상에서 $Li_2O$와 반응하여 복합산화물($LiREO_2$)을 형성하고, 이들 산화물이 복합산화물을 형성하는 각각의 $Li_2O$ 임계농도는 0.1 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 5.3 wt%, 5.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 3.9 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 2.6 wt% 및 0.3 wt%로 나타났다. $CeO_2$ 및 란타늄 산화물은 $Li_2O$와 반응하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 실험에서 얻은 이들 희토류원소 복합산화물의 LiCl 용융염에 대한 용해도는 매우 작았다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2011

The composite barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) cathodes were investigated in the intermediate temperature range of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The characteristics and electrochemical performances of composited BSCF/samarium doped ceria (SDC); BSCF/gadolinium doped ceria (GDC); and BSCF/SDC/GDC were compared to single BSCF cathode. The BSCF used in this study were synthesized using glycine nitrate process and mechanically mixing was used to fabricate a composite cathode. Using a composite form, the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) could be reduced and BSCF/SDC/GDC exhibited the lowest TEC value at $18.95{\times}10^{-6}K^{-1}$. The electrochemical performance from half cells and single cells exhibited nearly the same trend. All the composite cathodes gave higher electrochemical performance than the single BSCF cathode (0.22 $Wcm^{-2}$); however, when two kinds of electrolyte were used (BSCF/SDC/GDC, 0.36$Wcm^{-2}$), the electrochemical performance was lower than when the BSCF/SDC (0.45 $Wcm^{-2}$) or BSCF/GDC (0.45 $Wcm^{-2}$) was applied as cathode ($650^{\circ}C$, 97%$H_2$/3%$H_2O$ to the anode and ambient air to the cathode).

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2009년도 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.119-120
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• 2009