• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.587-607
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to propose a design technique of concrete mix proportions satisfying service life through genetic algorithm (GA) and neural network (NN). For this, thirty mix proportions and the related diffusion coefficients in high performance concrete are analyzed and fitness function for diffusion coefficient is obtained considering mix components like w/b (water to binder ratio), cement content, mineral admixture (slag, flay ash and silica fume) content, sand and coarse aggregate content. Through averaging the results of 10 times GA simulations, relative errors to the previous data decrease lower than 5.0% and the simulated mix proportions are verified with the experimental results. Assuming the durability design parameters, intended diffusion coefficient for intended service life is derived and mix proportions satisfying the service life are obtained. Among the mix proportions, the most optimized case which satisfies required concrete strength and the lowest cost is selected through GA algorithm. The proposed technique would be improved with the enhancement of comprehensive data set including wider the range of diffusion coefficients.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2015

본 연구는 $GA_3$와 TDZ 처리에 따른 '흑보석' 포도의 품질 특성변화와 과실 연화 지연을 위한 생장조절제의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 최종생산량은 저농도 $GA_3$ 단용처리에서 목표생산량 대비 88.3%로 낮았으나 TDZ를 2차에 혼용함으로써 최종생산량은 회복되었다. 착색을 기준으로 수확하였을 때 만개 후 100일까지의 수확률은 $GA_3$ 단용처리시 낮은 수확률을 보였으며 TDZ를 혼용할 경우 상쇄되었고 특히 2차에 혼용할 경우 효과적이었다. 반면에 생장조절제 처리시 가용성 고형물 함량은 만개 후 90일 이후에는 큰 변화가 없었으며 산 함량은 만개 후 90일부터 급격히 감소되어 당도와 산도를 기준으로 할 경우 오히려 무처리구에 비해 일찍 성숙기에 도달하였다. 경도는 $GA_3$와 TDZ 처리에 의해 활발한 세포비대와 세포분열로 과피가 두꺼워지고 밀도가 증가함에 따라 무처리구에 비해 만개 후 최종 수확시까지 높게 유지되었으며 특히 1, 2차 $GA_3$ $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ + TDZ $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리구에서 연화가 지연되어 과실의 품질을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 무핵과실은 TDZ를 혼용시에도 가장 높은 무핵률이 65.5%에 불과하여 무핵유기가 어려웠으며 열과발생은 모든 처리구에서 0.0-0.9%로 거의 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 '흑보석' 포도는 1, 2차 $GA_3$ $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ + TDZ $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 처리하여 경도가 급격히 낮아지기 전인 만개 후 100일 이전에 수확하는 것이 적절할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Purpose: Glufosinate ammonium (GA; phosphinothricin) can induce neurological complications such as altered mental status, amnesia, and convulsions. This study was conducted to evaluate whether blood lipid profiles can help predict convulsions in patients with GA poisoning. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of data acquired at a tertiary academic university hospital from March 2014 to July 2016. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of demographic and laboratory findings of 50 patients with GA poisoning were performed to identify correlations of general characteristics and laboratory findings, including blood lipid profiles of GA-poisoned patients between with and without convulsions. Results: Convulsion as a GA complication showed a significant association with poison volume, age, white blood cell count, and creatine phosphokinase (CK), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in blood according to an independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. However, ANCOVA demonstrated significant association with LDL and triglyceride. Conclusion: Blood lipid profiles, especially serum LDL and triglyceride, were useful in predicting convulsions in patients with GA poisoning.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1962

본실험에서는 Gibberellin 이 여섯작물의 생육 및 그들의 성장에 미치는 토양재배를 과하여 조사하였다. 식물 잎에 살포한 Gibberellins의 비교적 적은 농도차는 식물의 생육 및 내부 성분에 현저한 차이를 가져오는 것을 알 수 있다. 농도가 높아짐에 따라 작물의 생육은 촉진되고 그 생육간의 차이는 유의하였다. 여섯 작물의 Chlorophyll 및 Corotene 함량은 Gibberellin의 농도에 비례하여 감소 되었으며 이는 생장율과 크게 상반되었다. 여섯 작물의 Vitamin C의 함량은 Gibberellin의 농도에 비례하여 감소되었다. 이 차는 무, 쑥갓 및 시금치에서 높은 유의성을 나타냈다. Chlorophyll과 Vitamin C의 함량은 발육이 진전 됨에 따라 달라지는데 이 차이는 유의한 것이다. Corotene 함량은 Chlorophyll 량과 함께 변하였는데 Carotene과 Chlorophyll의 비는 Beck 및 Redman이 얻은 결과처럼 높은 것은 아니다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.150.2-150
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• 1999

To investigate the weathering soil buffering capacities of the artificial acidic precipitation, the weathering soils and their leachate solutions were sampled from the host rocks(granite;GR, rhyolite;RH, gabbro;GA, basalt;BA, two serpentinite;SE1, SE2 and limestone;LI) and analyzed for pH and chemical properties. 1n the soil pH of the GR and RH ,the acidic rocks, were 5.02 and 5.95, respectively. And the GA and BA, basic rocks, were 6.52 and 7.57. The SE1 and SE2 were 8.90 and 8.89. While the LI was 7.84. These results means the typical soil pH properties by host rocks. After the artificial acidic precipitation input 5OOml, the average changes of soil leachate solutions treated by pH levels(pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0), were pH 5.73, 5.00 and 4.40. in GR soil, and pH 6.19, 5.99 and 5.57 in RH. GA were pH 6.31, 6.04 and 5.86, BA were pH 7.05, 6.85 and 6.56 and SE1 were pH 8.31, 8.26 and 7.71. SE2 were pH 8.29, 8.24 and 7.96. LI were pH 7.55, 7.46 and 6.79. The soil leachate pHs from volcanic rocks were higher than those from the plutonic rocks and GR soils showed greater response than other soils. With increasing 100ml input-solution, the soil leachate pHs were mainly decreased. Cation concentrations, CEC, EC and total nitrogen concentrations of RH and BA soils, the volcanic rocks, were higher than those of GR and GA soil, the plutonic rocks. On the contrary, Al concentrations of the GR and GA soils were higher than those of RH and BA soils, partly because of high quartz content in GR and Al content in the biotite and plagioclase in GA.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1975

The possibilities of utilizing acid-hydrolyzate of "Sliced and dried sweet potatoes" as a carbon source for the microbial production of L-Glutamic Acid(L-GA) with Micrococcus glutamicus were investigated and the results showed as follows： 1) The highest hydrolysis rate, 74.6% of the reducing sugar based on the weight of dry matter, was obtained when the sweet potatoes were hydrolyzed with 0.8% of HCI at 2.0kg/$cm^2$ for 30 minutes. The most favorable hydrolyzate for the growth of the cells, however, was found to be the one obtained by treating the sweet potatoes with 0.5% HCI at 2. 0kg/$cm^2$ for 10 minutes. Reducing sugar content of the hydrolyzate was 10% as glucose. 2) Biotin content of the hydrolyzate was 25$\mug$/1 and it was proved to be excess in amount for the L-GA production. 3) The effects of addition of antibiotics, alcohols and fatty acid esters on the L-GA production were tested in the biotin excess medium. The production of L-GA was most increased to 32.5g/l with the addition of 10 I. U. of penicillin per ml. to the culture medium at 4 hours after inoculation. But the addition of alcohols, especially fatty acid esters, showed no significant effects. 4) Among the organic nutrients tested. " Gluten acid hydrolyzate" greatly enhanced the production of L-GA adding it＇s concentration of 1.0% to the medium. 5) The maximum production of L-GA resulted in 35g/1 when the cells were grown for 48 hours in the hydrolyzate medium supplemented with 1.0% of "Gluten acid hydrolyfate" and with 10 I. U. of penicillin per ml added at 4 hours after cultivation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1940-1946
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• 2006

The influence of environmental conditions on the ganoderic acid (GA) content in the fungus Ganoderma lucidum was investigated using a one-factor-at-a-time design and orthogonal design. Among the various medium components examined, sucrose, soybean powder or peptone, ferrous sulfate, and pH 6.0 were the most suitable carbon source (factor A), nitrogen source (factor B), mineral source (factor C), and initial pH (factor D), respectively, for the GA content in the one-factor-at-a-time design. According to the orthogonal design, the order of effect for the four factors on the GA content was A>C>D>B. The best level of factor A was $A_2$ (sucrose) with a value of +0.34 mg/100 mg DW. The optimal treatment combination was $A_2B_1C_3D_1$ with which the GA content reached up to 2.63$\pm$0.011 mg/100 mg DW. The interactions between the mineral ion and the nitrogen source, and the mineral ion and the pH were both highly significant (P<0.01). The highest interaction effect was ($B_2{\times}D_2$) with a value of +0.19 mg/100 mg DW, which was higher than the level effect value for $B_2$ (peptone) and D$_2$ (pH 5.0). Therefore, the results proved that interactions between factors cannot be ignored. The results also indicated the importance of the interactions between the factors, which may help to understand the metabolic pathway leading to triterpene biosynthesis and the expression and regulation of the key enzymes involved.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1995

We have grown GaAs epilayers by chemical beam epitaxy(CBE) using unprecracked hydrides and metal organic compounds via a surface decomposition process. This result shows that unprecracked arsine (AsH3) or monoethylarsine (MEAs) can be used in chemical beam epitaxy(CBE) as a replacement of a precracked AsH3 source in CBE. It was also found that the uptake of carbon impurity in epilayers grown using trimethylgallium(TMG) with unprecracked AsH3 or MEAs was significantly reduced compared to that in epilayers grown by CBE process employing TMG and arsenics produced from precracked hydrides. We propose a surface structural model suggesting that the hydrogen atoms play an important role in the reduction of carbon content in GaAs epilayer. Intermediates like dihydrides from hydride sources were also considered to hinder carbon atoms from being incorporated into the epilayers or to remove other carbon containing species on the surface.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2015

We applied KF on CIGS film to modify CIGS surface with a wider-bandgap surface layer. With the KF deposition the surface of CIGS film had fine particle on the CIGS surface at 350 and $300^{\circ}C$. No fine particle was detected at 500 and $250^{\circ}C$. With the KF treatment, the Ga and O content increased at the surface, while the In and Cu content decreased. The valence band maximum was lowered with KF treatment. The composition profile and band structure were positive side of applying KF on the CIGS surface. However, the efficiency decreased with the KF treatment due to high series resistance, probably due to too thick surface layer. A smaller amount of KF should be supplied and more systematic analysis is necessary to obtain a reproducible higher efficiency CIGS solar cells.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 1997

천연 zeolite를 이용하여 악취성분의 하나인 $NH^3$ gas를 제거하기 위해서 $NH_3$ gas를 zeolite column에 통과시켜 그 제거율을 조사하였다. Zeolite column에서 $NH_3$ gas의 유속이 느릴수록 column 통과농도가 낮게 나타났다. 천연 zeolite에 흡수된 수분함량은 전체적으로 $NH_3$ gas의 흡착에 영향을 주며, 동일량의 천연 zeolite를 column에 나누어 설치하는 방법에 따라서는 통과농도에 거의 영향이 없으나, 첨가량이 많으면 통과농도가 감소하였다. 천연 zeolite에 포화된 치환성양이온은 $NH_3$ gas의 제거율에 영향을 주며, 그 결과는 K->Natural->Na->Ca-zeolite순으로 나타났다. 따라서, $NH_3$ gas의 제거율을 높이기 위해서는 column통과유속, 천연 zeolite의 함수량 및 포화 양이온도 고려되어야 한다.