• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2020

Negative emotion causes stress and lack of attention concentration. The classification of negative emotion is important to recognize risk factors. To classify emotion status, various methods such as questionnaires and interview are used and it could be changed by personal thinking. To solve the problem, we acquire multi modal bio-signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), skin temperature (ST), galvanic skin response (GSR) and extract features. The neural network (NN), the deep neural network (DNN), and the deep belief network (DBN) is designed using the multi modal bio-signals to analyze emotion status. As a result, the DBN based on features extracted from ECG, ST and GSR shows the highest accuracy (93.8%). It is 5.7% higher than compared to the NN and 1.4% higher than compared to the DNN. It shows 12.2% higher accuracy than using only single bio-signal (GSR). The multi modal bio-signal acquisition and the deep learning classifier play an important role to classify emotion.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

영상을 주의 깊게 시청하는 관객은 보이는 영상의 성격에 따라 여러 심적 변화를 경험한다. 기쁨, 슬픔, 놀람 등 관객이 느낄 수 있는 다양한 감정 상태는 심리학에서 많이 활용되는 제임스 러셀(James Russell)이 정의한 감정 원형모형을 통해 정리된다. 관객이 느낄 수 있는 감정들 중에서도 특히 지그문트 프로이트(Sigmund Freud)가 언급한 언캐니(uncanny)는 기존의 명료한 정서적 개념들의 틈새에 존재하는 첨예한 중간자로 대변된다. 언캐니 현상은 비윤리적으로 인식되는 영상을 시청하는 관객이 보편적으로 느끼는 불쾌한 부분이 쾌로 수용되는 상태, 즉 사회적 금기에 대해 긍정적인 상태이기 때문에 이는 사회윤리적인 해석과 더불어 명확한 수리적 분석이 후행될 때 비로소 첨예한 심리상태로서 분석 가치를 지닌다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 감정 원형모형과 언캐니 상태를 분석하고, 관객의 언캐니 상태에 관한 가설을 설립하여 ECG(Electronic Cardiogram)와 GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) 신호 측청과 같은 생체신호 실험을 수치화한 결과를 러셀의 감정 원형모형을 기반으로 분포, 거리, 시간 등을 분석하는 방향으로 진행된다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2006년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.559-564
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• 2006

최근에 들어서 생체신호분석을 통하여 여러 가지 사용자 상태를 파악하려는 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 대표적인 것이 GSR(전기피부반응, galvanic skin response), BVP(blood volume pressure), 호흡 등의 생체신호가 사람의 흥분 정도, 정신적 부담, 감정변화에 따라 달라지는 특성을 활용하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 TV, 혹은 IPTV 의 컨텐츠를 감상하는 환경 하에서 시청자의 생체신호의 변화 패턴을 분석하여, 그 분석 결과로부터 TV 프로그램이나 디지털 컨텐츠에 대해 시청자가 느끼는 만족도, 집중도, 흥미 여부 등을 추론하고자 하였다. 즉, 주어진 컨텐츠를 감상하는 동안 시청자로부터 얻어낸 생체신호를 분석한 시청 정보 데이터가 프로그램에 대한 선호도와 관련을 가질 수 있는지 검증한 기초 연구 결과를 제시한다. 또한 이 결과를 통해 프로그램에 대한 시청자의 반응을 객관적으로 측정하고 실시간으로 반영할 수 있도록 하는 TV 프로그램 추천 시스템의 구현 가능성을 검증한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2005

본 연구에서 우슈 도장에서의 수련자 신체활동량을 과학적, 정량적으로 분석하여 스포츠의학의 중요한 관심사인 질병의 예방과 만성퇴행성 질환의 조절과 관리 그리고 건강을 증진할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 신체활동량을 측정하기 위해 신호획득 장비는 body media사에서 개발한 SenseWear PRO2 Armband를 사용하였다. Armband내에는 체온계(skin temperature sensor), 온도계(near-body temperature sensor), 가속도센서(accelerometer), 몸에서 발산되는 열량을 측정하는 센서(heat flux sensor), 피부의 전기전도도를 측정하는 센서(galvanic skin response sensor)가 있다. 각각의 센서로부터 획득한 데이터는 Armband내의 저장장치에 기록하였다. Armband에 저장된 데이터를 InnerView Wearer Software를 이용하여 우슈 도장에서 수련자의 신체활동에 따른 피부온도변화, 칼로리 소모, 활동량 추이변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과 지속적으로 오랜 기간 동안 운동을 한 사람은 단시간에 많은 에너지 소모를 하는 것으로 나타났으며 Physical activity가 활발하면 에너지 소모가 증가하고 동시에 피부 온도가 상승하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 에너지 소모가 증가하면서 피부온도가 증가하고 난 후 열 발산이 일어나는 것을 실험결과 알 수 있었다. 그리고 피부전도는 Physical activity, 에너지 소모, 피부온도 증가 등의 인자에 아무런 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2006

he purpose of this study is to measure bio-signal to investigate the driver's physiological response change under real situation using train simulator. The train simulator used in this study is KTX model and according to changes of driving situation, The bio-signal controlled by autonomic nervous system, such as GSR(Galvanic Skin Response), SpO2(Saturation percent O2), HR(Heart Rate), ECG(Electrocardiograph), EEG(Electroencephagram) and movement and response of eye were measured. Statistically significant difference in bio-signal data and eye movement activity pattern were investigated under several different driving speeds using analysis of variance (p<0.05). The GSR and HR value measured in average and mission speed operation is higher than in high-speed operation. β wave of EEG in average speed operation become more activated than in high speed operation. In accordance with a characteristic of rail vehicle, movement and response of eye in high-speed operation requiring relatively simple maneuver become less activated than in either average or mission speed operations. Conclusively, due to more careful driving controls in average and mission speed operation are required than in high-speed operation, level of mental and physical stresses of train driver was increased and observed through changes of bio-signal and eye movement measured in this study.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The one of the most important factors is the platoon design on developing AH3(Advanced Highway System), as it is related to traffic efficiency and drivers' safety. This study was evaluated that how much speed is comfortable for drivers and how long distance is appropriate for vehicular gap of platoon by measuring drivers' physiology signal and sensibility. A fixed-based AHS simulator was developed by using a real vehicle cockpit and the restructured part of Korean highway for human factors evaluation. The EEG(electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram) and GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) were measured for obtaining drivers' physiology signal according to the change of speed and gap. The brain wave(${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\delta},\;{\theta}$) by EEG, the response of the autonomic nervous system. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, by ECG, and relax-arousal situation by GSR were analyzed. The SD(Semantic Differential) method was also applied to evaluate drivers' sensibility by 5-grade evaluation scale with 96 adjectives. SSQ(Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) was used to measure the simulator sickness of pre and post driving, two times. As the results, drivers were comfortable with 120km/h speed of platoon and lam to 15m vehicular distance. The results of this study may differ from the adaption of the reality because of many parameters. However, the purpose of this study is show to significant results of the drivers' safety and the acceptability of human factors evaluation.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.1294-1299
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• 2014

The emotion is deeply affected by human behavior and cognitive process, so it is important to do research about the emotion. However, the emotion is ambiguous to clarify because of different ways of life pattern depending on each individual characteristics. To solve this problem, we use not only physiological signal for objective analysis but also hybrid unsupervised-supervised learning classifier for automatic emotion detection. The hybrid emotion classifier is composed of K-means, genetic algorithm and support vector machine. We acquire four different kinds of physiological signal including electroencephalography(EEG), electrocardiography(ECG), galvanic skin response(GSR) and skin temperature(SKT) as well as we use 15 features extracted to be used for hybrid emotion classifier. As a result, hybrid emotion classifier(80.6%) shows better performance than SVM(31.3%).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the increasing effects of Ga-As-Al laser Koryo-hand acupuncture on experimental pressure threshold. Forty healthy subjects (female=20. male=20) aged 21 to 30 years were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with same ratio in sex. The subjects in the experimental group (n=20) received Ga-As-Al laser stimulation, and those in the control group (n=20) received sham stimulation on appropriate Koryo-hand acupuncture points M10 on the left hand which is reflex point of upper trapezius portion. Experimental pressure threshold at the contralateral upper trapezius was determined with a pressure algometer and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) before and after treatment. The change of pressure threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). The result indicates that Ga-As-Al laser Koryo-hand acupuncture increases experimental pressure threshold and suggests that it is an effective noninvasive pain management technique.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.169-178
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• 2020

This paper presents a study investigating the relationship between stress level and reworks for construction professionals. As employees' work-life balance (WLB) becomes more important nowadays, controlling the level of stress in the workplace becomes more important as occupational stress has negative impacts on WLB. Reworks can be one severe occupational stressor as people suffer from stress when they need to redo their works. This study hypothesizes that there is a positive correlation between reworks and level of stress, meaning that people tend to show high level of stress when they need to redo their works. The hypothesis will be tested by checking the stress level when engineers redo their works because of changes or errors. An electroencephalography (EEG) sensor will be used to measure the stress level of engineers when they redo their works. For more accurate measure of stress, the stress level will also be measured by the galvanic skin response (GSR). This experiment is expected to prove that rework process is a severe stressor for construction professionals, which will contribute to lower productivity and poorer WLB. The finding will emphasize the importance of managing reworks in the construction industry, which will eventually help construction managers to control the level of employees' stress successfully.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2005

Objective : We investigated the sasang constitutional difference of physiological and psychological response in various thermal environmental conditions. Methods: Among 210 volunteers, 30 healthy subjects were selected through the QSCC II (a questionnaire for constitutional discrimination) and the manual examination of a specialist in sasang constitution. Subjects consisted of 10 each Soyang(少陽), Soeum(少陰), and Taeum(太陽). Experimental environments were set by six different conditions to be $23^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;25\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.4m/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;75\%\;RH,\;0.1m/s;\;and\;27^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.1m\s$ (respectively temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity). Skin temperature, core temperature, heart rate variability (HRV), and galvanic skin response (GSR) were measured for each subject Additionally, subjects were asked about comfort through the questionnaire. Results: From the viewpoint of external temperature sensibility, in all experimental environments, generally the Taeum type feels hotter and the Soeum feels colder than other types. In relative comfort, Soeum types were most sensitive to wind velocity change. From the viewpoint of body temperature, Taeum type was lower and Soyang was higher than other types. The measurements of HRV and GSR showed no difference between the types. Conclusion : The four sasang constitution types showed different responses to various thermal environmental conditions. Accordingly, our research could provide basic data for building the optimal thermal conditions for individuals based on sasang constitution. Consequently, it will help to build a healthy environment for everyday life.