• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.357-369
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• 2005

치아 우식은 석회화 조직의 일부가 용해되고 파괴되는 감염성 세균 질환이다. 최근에 보고된 치아우식증 관련 미생물에 대한 연구는 대부분이 Streptococcus mutans와 같은 Mutans streptococci에 초점을 맞추고 있다. Mutans streptococci는 7가지의 서로 다른 종(S. cricetus, S. downei, S. ferus, S. macacae, S. mutans, S. rattus, S. sobrinus)과 8가지의 혈청형(serotype a-h)을 모두 포함하여 일컫는다. 산 생성으로 인한 치아의 법랑질 탈회뿐 아니라 치면에 접착하여 군집를 형성하는 것이 균의 독성에 있어 중요하다. 그러므로 우식은 치태와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이런 초기 군집 형성은 antigen I/II(Ag I/II)와 glucosyltransferase(GTF)에 의해 이루어진다. 그러므로, Ag I/II와 GTF는 S. mutans GS-5에 대한 백신개발에 있어 적당한 목표가 된다. 본 실험은 S. mutans GS-5로부터 ag I/II와 gtfD 유전자를 복제하고 나열하였다. 핵산의 나열순서 분석결과 앞서 보고된 나열과 높은 일치도를 보였다. 복제된 Ag I/II와 앞서 보고된 S. mutans GS-5의 해당 부위의 280개의 핵산은 완벽하게 일치하였다. gtfD와 S. mutans UA159와 비교시, 105개의 아미노산 중 4부위에서 변화를 관찰하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1302-1313
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• 2021

본 연구는 가미수미원(백하수오 10 g,; 당귀 6 g; 구기자 8 g; 화피 6 g; 선태 3 g; 홍화 2 g)에 방기(Sinomenium acutum R.) 4 g의 첨가 여부에 따라 각각 열수추출물은 GS±SC(DW), 80% 에탄올 추출물은 GS±SC(EtOH)로 표기 하였다. 각 추출물은 항산화를 측정하기 위해 다음과 같은 연구를 수행하였다. HPLC를 통한 방기 지표물질 함량측정, 중금속 검사 기준 측정, ABTS/DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정, SOD 유사 활성능 측정, ROS 및 NO 생성량을 측정하였다. 방기 지표물질 중 sinomenine의 함량은 열수 추출물에서, decursin은 에탄올 추출물에서 더 높게 확인되었다. 중금속 측정 결과 기준치 적합으로 확인되었다. ABTS/DPPD 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과 GS+SC(EtOH)의 소거능이 가장 높게 나왔으며, 상대적으로 열수보다 에탄올 추출이 라디칼 소거율이 높게 확인되었다. 그러나 SOD의 경우 열수 추출에서 상대적으로 유사 활성능이 높게 확인되었다. ROS 생성의 경우 열수 추출물이 에탄올 추출에 비해 유의하게 감소시켰으며, NO의 생성은 에탄올 추출물이 상대적으로 더 유의하게 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 GS+SC(EtOH)이 라디컬 소거능 및 NO 감소를 높게 나타낸 것으로 확인되어 산화적스트레스 후, 생성된 활성산소의 제거에 좀 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 향 후 지속적인 효능 심화 연구를 통해 조성물을 활용한 화장품 및 기능성 원료의 소재로서의 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Objective: The present study was to investigate the discrimination capacity of the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment-Gait Scale (POMA-GS), for predicting falls in stroke survivors. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data including the characteristics and number of falls of 52 chronic stroke patients from a rehabilitation center were collected. The number of falls each subject had experienced in the previous year were investigated through interviews. The subjects were divided into two groups depending on the number of falls: if falls occurred twice or more on the basis of the time of study after stroke, they were defined as the falls group and if there was no fall experience or one fall, they were defined as the non-falls group. The subjects were examined with the POMA-GS, and physical functions were examined using by the One Leg Stand Test (OLST), Sit to Stand Test (SST), 10-m Walk Test, Lower Extremity in Fugl-Meyer assessment (FM-LE), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). The validity of POMA-GS for falls prediction was analyzed. Results: In the POMA-GS, which predicts falls in stroke survivors, the cut-off value was 8.5 (sensitivity 72%; specificity 65%) and the area under the curve was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.90, p<0.007). There was a significant difference in the OLST, SST, FM-LE, and TIS between the subjects with POMA-GS >8.5 and the subjects with POMA-GS ${\leq}8.5$. Conclusions: The POMA-GS could be a useful tool in predicting falls in stroke survivors, as its discrimination capacity and predictive validity is proven satisfactory.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.200-213
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was purposed to investigate the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Gold injection Aqua-acupuncture on the experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups : Control group (group injected with normal saline), J-NS (group injected with normal saline into bilateral Choksamni(ST36)), J-GS (group injected with Gold Injection into bilateral Choksamni(ST36)), and N-GS (injected with Gold Injection into the blank locus of the root of mouse tail). In addition, Diclofenac-Na as a comparative medicine is injected into bilateral Choksamni(ST36) and the blank locus of the root of mouse tail. So we measured the mice paw edema induced by Carrageenin and Dextran, the chronic rat paw edema induced by adjuvant, vascular permeability induced by Acetic acid in mice, the writhing syndrome induced by Acetic acid in mice, the heat-induced pain threshold in mice. Results : The following result have been obtained. 1. The mice paw edema induced by Carrageenin was significantly decreased in J-GS as compared with the control group. 2. The mice paw edema induced by Dextran was significantly decreased in J-GS and N-GS as compared with the control group. 3. The chronic rat paw edema induced by Adjuvant was significantly decreased in J-GS and N-GS as compared with the control group. Serum Iron content was significantly decreased in J-GS and N-GS as compared with the control group. But the effect on the Serum Copper contents has no significance statistically. 4. Vascular permeability induced by Acetic acid in mice was significantly decreased in J-GS and N-GS as compared with the control group. 5. The level of Acetic acid-induced Writhing syndrome and Heat-induced Pain Threshold in mice were all significantly decreased in J-GS and N-GS as compared with the control group. Conclusion : According to the result, gold injection aqua-acupuncture has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the experimental model of rheumatiod arthiritis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract on body weight, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The experimental mice were divided into the following 4 groups: basal diet (AIN-93G diet) and 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% GS supplemented groups. Each group was fed the experimental diet for 9 weeks. The final body weights, adipocyte sizes, and epididymal fat weights of the GS groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. There were no significant differences in food intake and food efficiency ratios among the treated groups. Serum triglyceride levels and the atherogenic index were significantly lower in the GS groups compared to the control group. Serum HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the 1% and 1.5% GS groups compared to the control group. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities did not differ among the four experimental groups. The total hepatic lipid content was significantly lower in the GS groups, and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents tended to be reduced in the GS groups compared to the control group. These results suggest that GS extract may be useful for ameliorating dyslipidemia and fatty liver.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2009

This paper presents a study of the strength and chloride penetration of blended Portland cement mortar containing ground palm oil fuel ash (POA) and ground river sand (GS). Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with POA and GS. Compressive strength, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) and chloride penetration depth of mortars were determined. The GS only asserted the packing effect and its incorporation reduced the strength and the resistance to chloride penetration of mortar. The POA asserted both packing and pozzolanic effects. The use of the blend of equal portion of POA and GS also produced high strength mortars, save cost and excellent resistance to chloride penetration owing to the synergic effect of the blend of POA and GS. For chloride depth, the mathematical model correlates well with the experimental results. The computer graphics of chloride depth of the ternary blended mortars are also constructed and can be used to aid the understanding and the proportioning of the blended system.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 플라이애시 치환 콘크리트에 초기 저강도발현특성을 고로슬래그 미분말 및 석고혼입으로 해결할 수 있는지의 가능성을 검토하기위하여 콘크리트의 기초적 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 특성으로 유동성은 FA 치환의 경우 OPC와 유사하거나 비교적 크게 나타나는 양상을 보였으나 FA 치환 콘크리트에 BS와 GS의 치환량이 증가 할수록 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 FA 20% 치환 콘크리트의 경우가 FA 10% 치환 하였을때 보다 슬럼프 감소율이 크게 나타났다. 공기량은 OPC에 비해 FA 치환의 경우 크게 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나, BS와 GS가 공기량에 미치는 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 경화 콘크리트의 특성으로 압축강도는 FA 10% 치환 콘크리트에 BS 및 GS를 치환한 경우 OPC보다 초기에 높은 강도를 나타내었으며, FA 20% 치환 콘크리트의 경우 강도 발현이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났는데, 그중 FA 10% 치환 콘크리트에 BS 5% 치환, GS 1% 혼입시 전반적으로 높은 강도를 나타내어 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 결합재 종류별 압축강도의 상관관계의 경우 GS 무혼입에 비해 GS를 혼입 할 시 전반적으로 높은 강도를 나타냄으로써 GS의 영향이 강도발현에 중요한 역할로 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.436-445
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• 2020

Objective: Ensiling is a simple and effective method for long-term preservation; however, less information exists about the ensilability characteristics of garlic stalk (GS). Therefore, the objectives were to examine the ensiling feasibility of GS. Methods: The GS was ensiled alone or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum KU5 in the presence or absence of 5% molasses and ensiled for 7, 14, and 28 d. As an alternative storage method, GS was co-ensiled with wet citrus pulp (CP) at different proportions (GS:CP: 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). Analysis was made on physicochemical, fermentative, and nutritional parameters. Results: The GS was found to be a biomass which is difficult to ensile. A combination of microbial inoculant and molasses was successful in the improvement of the silage fermentation quality of GS. Co-ensiling of GS with wet CP at the mixing ratio of 50:50 provided the most desirable silage fermentation parameters, including the substantial lactic acid formation, low final pH, minor effluent loss, and the more favorable organoleptic properties. Conclusion: Co-ensiling GS with CP appears to be a simple and viable method of conservation, enabling the more efficient utilization of these by-product resources over a prolonged period.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1994

Xylanase from Bacillus sp. GS was purified through acetone precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The optimum reaction temperature of purified xylanase was 50t . Its optimum pH was between pH 6.0 and pH 6.5. This enzyme was stable below 5$0^{\circ}C$ for several hours and stable at between pH 5.5 and pH 8.0. The enzyme activity of xylanase was remarkably increased by Co++ and Cu++ ions. According to the study of hydrolysis mode of this enzyme, it was turned out to be ends type xylanase that can produce xylooligosaccharides, known as bifidogenic factor, from xylan.

• 대기
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the vertical distribution of Asian dust measured by LIDARs at three weather stations in Baengnyeongdo (BND), Munsan (MS), and Gunsan (GS) during 10~11 May 2010, and thereby investigate their effectiveness. Asian dust passed through from central to south-western part of Korea. Although dust particles were detected over the surface in MS and GS, LIDAR data showed that the Asian dust with non-spherical particles was observed in all of the three regions. It seems that the naked-eye observation could not detect dust over the surface of BND due to the temperature inversion below a height of 0.45 km. During the Asian dust events, the duration time of dust presented 9.5 hr (BND), 19.5 hr (MS), and 24.5 hr (GS), respectively with the longest time in GS, whereas dust altitudes ranged from 0.4 to 1.3 km (BND), 0.1 to 2.8 km and 4.1 to 4.2 km (MS), and 0.2 to 2.0 km (GS), respectively, while showing the highest altitude in MS. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved by LIDAR and skyradiometer (SR), located close to the LIDAR sites, was compared. MS (LIDAR) and Seoul (SR) attained the AOT of 0.64 and 0.50, and GS (LIDAR) and Gongju (SR) attained the AOT of 0.38 and 0.54, respectively. As SR-derived angstrom exponents (AE) during the time period determined as Asian dust by LIDAR data were 0.17 in Seoul (near MS) and 0.30 in Gongju (near GS), it can be said that the characteristics of dust particles were appeared. During the study period, depolarization ratio could serve as a useful indicator to determine dust aerosol. But, it still seems essential to conduct further investigation with longer period of data to better describe the discrepancy of AOT between LIDARs and SR.