• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2019

A colorimetric rapid detection method based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was developed for the analysis of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides. The AChE catalyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine having (-) and (+) charges, and the (+) charge results in gold nanoparticle (GNP) aggregation. The in-activation of AChE by OP and CB has been well known. In order to optimize the colorimetric method, optimal dilution times of commercial serum containing AChE, diameter of GNP, and concentration of acetylthiocholine were tested as a key parameter. The colorimetric detection limits of the method were 7.5 ng/mL for both dimethyl amine and carbofuran pesticides in 60% ethanol. No cross-reaction to other chemicals, such as aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, which can be contaminated with pesticides in agricultural products, was observed. Recoveries from lettuce, sesame leaf, and cabbage lettuce spiked with known concentrations of dimethyl amine and carbofuran were found to be ranged from 83.85 to 133.16%. These results indicated that the colorimetric rapid method based on AChE can be a useful tool for the sensitive, specific, rapid, and accurate detection of OP and CB pesticides in fresh vegetables.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-163
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• 1979

Utilization of the aggregation concept applied in economics has been a traditional way of describing the state of an economic system and of predicting the future economic conditions. In addition, certain aggregate variables have also played a crucial role as indicators of the business cycle. Quick examples would be the price index, the productivity changes, the industrial production index, GNP, and so on. The methods of aggregation could be either simple summations, like GNP, or sophisticated weighted average, like the price index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.112.1-112.1
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• 2000

• 에너지협의회보
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• s.40
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• pp.63-73
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• 1996

중국의 전력소비는 1980-92년간 연율 7.9$\%$ 증가했으며, 1992-2010년간 실질 GNP 성장률이 연율 8$\%$라는 전제하에 전력소비는 연률 7.8$\%$증가할 것이다.(1992-2000년간은 연율 9$\%$, 2000-2010년간은 연율 7$\%$ 예상). 가정 및 상업부문 전기소비가 산업부문보다 급속히 증가할 것으로 보이는데, 이것은 소득증가로 가전기기의 보유가 늘어나기 때문이다. 지속적인 GNP서장의 제약요인으로 SOx, NOx, $CO_2$ 배출 등 환경 문제가 될 것이며, 발전 송전 배전인프라 건설에 필요한 자본투자규모가 1조달러에 이른다. 2010년에는 3백만b/d의 석유, 1백만톤의 석탄, 13.5백만톤의LNG 등 에너지수입에 국제수지균형이 애로요인으로 작용할 것으로 보인다.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.5 s.183
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• pp.30-33
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• 1996

• 대학교육
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• s.84
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• pp.16-22
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• 1996

• 산림경영
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• s.122
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• pp.10-12
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• 1996

• 대학교육
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• s.68
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• pp.59-64
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• 1994

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.123-148
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• 1993

Over the past-decade of reform and opening up to the outside world, China#s GNP doubled which now ranks eighth in the world, making an average 9.6% increase annually. Some industrial products such as steel, crude oil and power generation rank fourth in the world, while output of coal and cement rank first. In the agricultural sector, China ranks first in the output of grain, cotton, meat and basically solved the problem of providing food and daily necessities for 22% of the world#s population, The Chinese government has set the objectives in environmental protection plan to be achieved by the year 2000 together with ecological protection. During the Seventh Pive-Year Plan(1985-90), Chains#s annual investment in controlling environment pollution was about 10 billion Yuan, or 0.7% of her GNP, while during the Eighth Five-Year Plan, effort will be made to increase such investments, in terms of the GNP, possibly to 0.85"1% . However, the expanding development including industrial production will increase large amounts of pollutants into the environment and efforts are underway to deal with these pollution. *대한위생학회장 Regional community are faced with serious environmental problems. For instance, so called# Yellow Sand Storm# from China is one of the case. Recently, to make matter worse, acid rain and dry depositation from transboundary air pollution is tend to increase mainly because of emissions from mainland China. Therefore, the countries concerned in the region, should seek to promote international cooperation on environmental issues. An overall aspects of development and environmental programs in China are presented.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.471-486
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• 2011

Various types of strain sensors have been developed and widely used in the field for monitoring the mechanical deformation of structures. However, conventional strain sensors are not suited for measuring large strains associated with impact damage and local crack propagation. In addition, strain sensors are resistive-type transducers, which mean that the sensors require an external electrical or power source. In this study, a gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based polymer composite is proposed for large strain sensing. Fabrication of the composites relies on a novel and simple in situ GNP reduction technique that is performed directly within the elastomeric poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix. First, the reducing and stabilizing capacities of PDMS constituents and mixtures are evaluated via visual observation, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The large strain sensing capacity of the GNP-PDMS thin film is then validated by correlating changes in thin film optical properties (e.g., maximum UV-Vis light absorption) with applied tensile strains. Also, the composite's strain sensing performance (e.g., sensitivity and sensing range) is also characterized with respect to gold chloride concentrations within the PDMS mixture.