• Title/Summary/Keyword: GNP

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1994년 북한 GNP 추정결과

  • Korea Petroleum Association
    • Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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    • no.9 s.175
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    • pp.38-41
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    • 1995
  • ‘94년중 북한경제는 석탄, 전력 등 성장선행부문의 성장이 부진했던 데다가 핵문제 등으로 인한 대외 경제협력 환경의 악화, 김일성 사망 이후의 정치사회적 불안정 등으로 산업생산이 전반적으로 부진하여 실질 GNP가 1.7% 감소하였음.(5년 연속 부의 성장을 기록) ’94년중 북한의 경제규모를 우리나라와 비교해 보면 명목 GNP는 212억달러로 한국(3,769억 달러)의 1/18수준, 1인당 GNP는 923달러로 한국(8,483달러)의 1/9 수준에 머물러 전년에 비해 경제력 격차가 더욱 확대되었음. 또한 산업구조면에서 북한은 농림 어업 광업 등 원시산업부문의 비중이 우리나라보다 크게 높은 반면 건설업과 제조업, 서비스부문 등의 비중은 우리나라보다 낮은 것으로 나타남.

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A Status and View of Demand for Plywood in Korea (한국(韓國)의 합판수요(合板需要) 현황(現況)과 전망(展望))

  • Kim, Jae-Sung;Chung, Dae-Kyo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.32-44
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    • 1987
  • This study was carried out to analyze and furecast the domestic demand for plywood in Korea by regression models with time-series data for 16 years(1970-85). The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. To analyze domestic demand for plywood, GNP, PWI and CWI were used as independant variables. The domestic demand equation was computed as follows: $^{in}DDP$=0.65186+1.29412 $^{in}GNP$-0.28385 $^{in}PWI$-1.05011 $^{in}CWI$ Where DDP : Domestic demand for plywood(1000 S/F) GNP: Gross national product (Billion won) PWI : Real wholesale price index of plywood CWI: Real wholesale price index of construction materials. 2. Among independant variables reflecting on the production activity of plywood industry, GNP was the most decisive in forecasting the domestic demand for plywood. 3. The significance can be recognized highly because the decision coefficient of the forecasting model which is obtained by using time series data is 0.9. 4. According to the estimated regression coefficients for GNP, PWI and CWI, GNP shows positive relation while PWI and CWI show negative relation. 5. An annual average increase rate of demand for plywood was 9.4 percent during expect period. Therefore, it was decreased slightly than that of 10.2 percent during sample period.

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Research on Physicochemical Properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (R-GO) (그래핀 옥사이드(Graphen Oxide, GO)와 환원 그래핀의 (Reduced graphe oxide, R-GO)의 물리화학적 특성 연구)

  • Moo-Sun Kim;Ho-Yong Lee;Sung-Woong Choi
    • Composites Research
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.167-172
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    • 2023
  • The manufacturing technology of composite material is applicable with filler characteristics maintaining low cost, flexibility, and easy process to develope the various functional composite materials. To realize functional composites, various researches on the high performance of composite materials using graphene as a filler is being actively conducted. In this study, physical and chemical properties were investigated using graphene to improve high functional properties. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using graphane nanoplatelet (GNP), and reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) was formed by reducing GO. The physical properties of GO and R-GO were analyzed, and the reliability of the manufactured method was reviewed by comparing that of GNP results. As a result of analysis by Raman spectroscopy, in the case of R-GO, it was confirmed that the intensity of D-peak and G-peak decreased compared to GO, and an increase of 0.08 was observed through the ratio of ID/IG. For the FTIR results, GO and RGO has a repeating C-C and C=C connection structure unlike GNP. GO and R-GO show clear peaks for C-O bond, C=C bond, C=O bond, and O-H bonding. As a result of X-ray diffraction analysis, GNP showed a wide diffraction peak at 25.86° of (002) plane characteristics, whereas GO and R-GO showed peaks corresponding to (001) and (100) planes. It was also found that the interlayer distance of GO increased by about 2.6 times compared to GNP.

Oxidation Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Mechanical Properties and Bonding Performance of Epoxy Paint Material (그래핀 나노플레이트릿의 산화가 에폭시 도막재료의 역학적 및 부착 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Min-Jae;Kim, Gyu-Yong;Lee, Sang-Kyu;Sasui, Sasui;Eu, Ha-Min;Nam, Jeong-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.181-182
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    • 2020
  • In this study, oxidized graphene nanoplatelet(GO) was prepared by oxidizing graphene nanoplatelet(GNP) with nitric acid in order to solve the problem of dispersion of GNP, one of nano materials. GNP/Epoxy and GO/Epoxy were prepared by mixing GNP, GO with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% in epoxy and the mechanical properties, bond performance were evaluated. As a result, GNP/Epoxy and GO/Epoxy showed higher tensile strength than Neat Epoxy at the 0.1, 0.3 wt.%. Especially, when 0.1 wt.% of GO was incorporated into epoxy resin, it showed highest tensile strength. It was confirmed that acid treatment of GNP was effective in improving the mechanical properties of epoxy paint. However, graphene material was found that it was not effective in improving the bond strength of the epoxy paint.

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A Long Run Classical Model of Price Determination (한국(韓國)의 물가모형(物價模型))

  • Park, Woo-kyu;Kim, Se-jong
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.3-26
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    • 1992
  • The pupose of this paper is to construct a price determination model of the Korean economy and to find out the propogation mechanism of monetary and fiscal policies. The model is a small-size macroeconometric model consisted of ten core equations : consumption, investment, exports, imports, consumer price index, wage rate, corporate bond rate, potential GNP, capital stock, and GNP identity. The model is a Keynesian model : consumer price index is determined by markup over costs, and wage rate is expressed by Phillipse curve ralation. Two features of the model, however, distinguish this model from other macroeconometric models of the Korean economy. First of all, the estimation of potential GNP and the capital stock is endogenized as suggested by Haque, Lahiri, and Montiel (1990). This allows us to calculate the level of excess demand, which is defined as the difference between the actual GNP and the potential GNP. Second, interest rate, inflation and wages are all estimated as endogenous variables. Moreover, all quantity variables include price variables as important determinants. For instance, interest rate is an important determinant of consumption and investment. Exports and imports are determined by the real effective exchange rate. These two features make the interactions between excess demand and prices the driving forces of this model. In the model, any shock which affects quantity variable(s) affects excess demand, which in turn affects prices. This strong interaction between prices and quantities makes the model look like a classical model over the long run. That is, increases in money supply, government expenditures, and exchange rate (the price of the U.S. dollar in terms of Korean won) all have expansionery effects on the real GNP in the short run, but prices, wage, and interest rate all increase as a result. Over the long run, higher prices have dampenning effects on output. Therefore the level of real GNP turns out to be not much different from the baseline level ; on the other hand, the rates of inflation, wage and interest rate remain at higher levels.

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Synthesis of $CaCrO_4$Powders for the Cathode Material of Thermal Battery by GNP and Electrochemical Properties of Ca/LiCl-KCl/$CaCrO_4$Thermal Battery System (GNP 방법에 의한 Thermal Battery용 양극 재료 $CaCrO_4$분말 합성 및 Ca/LiCl-KCl/$CaCrO_4$전지계의 전기 화학적인 특성 평가)

  • 이현주;김영석;김선재;이창규;김홍회;김길무
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 2001
  • Ca/LiCl-KCl/CaCrO$_4$열 전지계의 양극재료로서 BCT(Body-Centered Tetragonal) 결정구조를 갖는 CaCrO$_4$분말을 GNP로 합성하고, SEM, TEM, XRD를 이용하여 그 미세구조를 분석하였다. GNP 공정에 의한 CaCrO$_4$분말은 단일상으로 0.5$mu extrm{m}$ 이하의 입자 크기를 가지며 균일하게 분포한 반면, 기존의 분말 혼합법은 높은 하수 온도 및 장시간의 하소 조건을 필요하므로 미세한 분말 합성이 어렵고 pellet 형태로 만들었을 때 GNP 분말에 비해 비표면적이 현저하게 작기 때문에 전극 재료로써 유리하지 못하다. Ca/LiCl-KCl/CaCrO$_4$계의 전기 화학적인 특성을 평가해본 결과 전지셀을 Ca/DEB(LiCl-KCl+CaCrO$_4$+SiO$_2$)와 같은 DEB 형태로 만들었을 때 $600^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 2.0 V이상 (<100 mA/㎤)의 안정한 전압이 5분 이상 유지되었다. 그러나 3층 전극 셀(Ca/LiCl/KCl/ CaCrO$_4$)에서는 동일한 온도에서 2.0 V이상 (<100 mA/㎤)의 전압이 7분 이상 유지되었으나 불안정한 전압 변동 및 낮은 peak voltage로 인해 DEB 셀의 전지 특성이 더 우수한 것으로 생각된다. 양극 재료의 제조 방법의 관점에서 볼 때, 동일한 DEB(Depolarizer : Electrolyte : Binder=25 : 70 : 5 wt%) 조성의 셀 구성시, GNP 분말은 분말 혼합법에 의한 분말보다 반응 표면적이 훨씬 크기 때문에 GNP 양극 활 물질의 DEB 셀에서의 전지 수명이 더 길었다.

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Reduction Properties of $(La_{1-x}Sr_x)MnO_{3+\delta}$ Powder by GNP (GNP법에 의한 $(La_{1-x}Sr_x)MnO_{3+\delta}$ 분말의 환원특성)

  • Lee, Mi-Jai;Paik, Jong-Hoo;Kim, Sei-Ki;Park, Sang-Sun;Choi, Byung-Hyun;Lee, Kyung-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.242-243
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    • 2005
  • In this study, (La,Sr)$MnO_{3+\delta}$ powder used cathode material for SOFC was synthesized with precursor by GNP and the properties of powder, crystal phase, electric properties and deoxidization properties with precursor were investigated. The synthesis powder was prepared when oxidant/fuel mole and pH were 1 and 1, respectively and the synthesis powder was synthesized by GNP method using nitrate solution or oxide solution as precursor. Deoxidization peak of the nitrate solution was appeared lower temperature than the oxide solution, at $450^{\circ}C$. In this result, synthesis (La,Sr)$MnO_{3+\delta}$ powder using nitrate solution with Mn excess was suitable cathode material for SOFC due to had higher deoxidization properties. Also synthesis (La,Sr)$MnO_{3+\delta}$ powder according to precursor had difference electrical conductivity according to influence sintering density and crystal phase with precursor. Specially, the synthesis method and starting material had effect on deoxidization properties for SOFC.

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Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Carbon Fiber/Graphene Nano-Platelets Composites for Wear Resistance Application (GNP 첨가 탄소복합재료의 제조 및 마모 특성 평가)

  • Park, Seung-Bhin;Park, Jin-Chul;Cho, Chang-Woo;Song, Jung-Il
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.25 no.10
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    • pp.531-536
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    • 2015
  • GNPs have several excellent mechanical properties including high strength, a good young's modulus, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, electronic shielding, etc. In this study, CF/GNP/Epoxy composites were manufactured using GNP weight ratios of 0.15 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.7 wt% and 1 wt%. The composites were manufactured with a mechanical method (3-roll-mill). Tensile, impact and wear tests were performed according to ASTM standards D3039, D256 and D3181, respectively. The results show that the CF/GNP0.3wt%/Epoxy composites have good mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength and impact and wear resistance. In this study, both carbon fabric and GNPs were used as reinforcements in the composites. The mechanical properties increased and weight loss decreased as the GNP content in the resin films was increased.